高层建筑的结构优化

针对高层建筑结构的发展进行了综述,结合设计实践,就目前高层建筑结构中的一些问题作出总结,为此提出了高层建筑结构优化的合理建议,从而使高层建筑结构设计满足相关规范要求。     

试验设计方法在结构优化中的应用

研究了试验设计中的均匀设计法在结构优化中的应用,提出了余表的概念,解决了搜索方向的问题,考察了体积约束条件下悬臂梁的刚度优化问题,并对优化过程及结果进行了分析,结果表明均匀设计法用于结构优化是可行的.     

门式起重机主梁结构优化

通过对门式起重机主梁的受力分析,以优化理论为基础,建立了适当的优化模型。以主梁重量最轻为优化的设计目标,以主梁的截面尺寸为设计变量,在满足强度、刚度、稳定性以及工艺要求的前提下,列出约束方程,应用结构优化设计方法求解出主梁截面尺寸的最优解。     

Structural optimization using interior penalty function

Mathematical programming methods are among the most powerful optimization techniques. They may be classified into direct or indirect methods. In the indirect methods, the constrained design problem is converted into a sequence of unconstrained problems using penalty functions. In this way, the optimal solution of a constrained problem may be obtained using one of the unconstrained search techniques. The interior penalty function appears to be the most reliable uncon strained method while the variable metric method seems to be an extremely powerful algorithm. This paper presents the use of the interior penalty function coupled with the variable metric method for the solution of structural design optimization problems.     

张拉整体高耸结构优化研究

张拉整体高耸结构是一种新型结构体系,是张拉整体在竖直方向上的应用,目前尚未有功能性结构建成。针对一座电视塔的张拉整体高耸结构,采用改进的遗传算法和三级混合算法,依靠有限元分析对结构进行了优化设计。改进的遗传算法能够识别迭代过程中松弛的索,通过自动调整对应编码区的变异率来避免索的松弛,采用非线性求解器对结构的侧向刚度进行优化;三级混合算法包含了模式搜索法、单纯形法和齿行法,采用线性求解器对结构的侧向刚度和自重进行了联合优化,提高侧向刚度的同时减小自重。优化结果表明：这两种优化算法都能够在预应力水平基本不变的情况下大幅提高结构侧向刚度,优化效果良好。     

钢筋混凝土圆形水池的结构优化

以结构造价为目标函数,探讨了钢筋混凝土圆形水池的优化问题,提出了池径和池高一定时池壁厚度优化的数学模型和求解方法,并以一地上式开口圆池为例说明了优化过程及效果。     

铸铁检查井盖的结构优化分析

对某市政部门设计的重型球墨铸铁检查井盖进行了结构优化,阐述了井盖厚度、圆肋半径、圆肋高度和宽度对井盖力学性能的影响,达到了力学性能与材料重量的平衡,井通过试验,验证了优化方案的可行性。     

Structural optimization of filament wound composite pipes

An optimization procedure is developed for obtaining optimal structural design of filament wound composite pipes with minimum cost utilized in pressurized water and waste-water pipelines. First, the short-term and long-term design constraints dictated by international standards are identified. Then, proper computational tools are developed for predicting the structural properties of the composite pipes based on the design architecture of layers. The developed computational tools are validated by relying on experimental analysis. Then, an integrated design-optimization process is developed to minimize the price as the main objective, taking into account design requirements and manufacturing limitations as the constraints and treating lay-up sequence, fiber volume fraction, winding angle, and the number of total layers as design variables. The developed method is implemented in various case studies, and the results are presented and discussed.     

基于Hopfield神经网络的结构优化分析

探讨了Hopfield网络在土木工程优化中应用的途径，并简要介绍了与Hopfield网络密切相关的模拟退火技术，介绍了用于工程结构优化的连续型Hopfield网络的能量函数，该能量函数能够准确地描述结构优化问题。同时，探讨了Hopfield网络用于工程结构优化的机理。然后，研究了基于CHNN的工程结构优化在Matlab上的实践，探讨了网络参数的选取。最后，通过算例表明方法的有效性。     

风力机叶片结构拓扑优化设计

通过建立某1.5 MW叶片有限元模型,对其进行结构拓扑优化设计,得到了材料最佳拓扑分布形式,并提出了改进结构形式的概念设计方案,可为叶片新型结构设计或改进提供参考。     

Structural reliability assessment based on particles swarm optimization

The PSO algorithm is very efficient to solve global optimization problems with continuous variables. Its use in the structural reliability field presents not only the advantage of its facility of implementation, but also the possibility to obtain the design point and the failure probability with a good accuracy. Several examples of the literature studied in this paper show that the results yielded by PSO are quasi-exact with respect to those yielded by MC and response surface methods. The low computing time of this zero order algorithm is also a great advantage to solve optimization problem. Therefore, this algorithm can be considered as an additional efficient algorithm to those existing in the literature based on gradient method.     

基于Hopfield神经网络的结构优化算法

利用Hopfield神经网络与增广拉格朗日乘子法相结合来求解非线性约束的结构优化问题。针对神经网络模型容易陷入局部极小解的缺点,网络引入了模拟退火算法,提高了网络全局寻优能力,得到了较好的优化结果,本文详述了算法的步骤,编制了该算法的计算程序,最后通过两个实例证明该算法的可行性和有效性。     

KCM130型可控气动冲击矛结构优化设计

在分析断裂原因基础上对KCM130型可控气动冲击矛进行拨转轴及辅助承载机构的结构改进和优化,尽量避免其结构上存在形状和尺寸突变,从而消除或降低应力集中.为了验证优化的结果,利用ANSYS软件对改进优化后的拨转轴及辅助承载机构进行了有限元分析,并与原模型作了比较,分析表明这种改进和优化是可行的.     

车载自动灭火器动力端的结构优化

运用有限元分析软件ANSYS,在对车载自动灭火器动力端工作过程中的温度场和应力场进行仿真分析的基础上,改进了动力端的结构设计,并对其进行仿真分析和与原结构的比较.结果表明,所作改进能有效降低车载自动灭火器动力端工作时的温度与应力,降低灭火器失效的概率.此方法可对类似的产品设计提供参考.     

异形柱框架结构优化设计

通过对相关规范进行分析,提出了异形柱框架结构优化设计的内容及异形柱正截面承载力的简化计算方法,便于工程设计应用,为异形柱框架结构的构造设计提供了理论依据,解决了各地规范取值不统一的问题。     

散热器肋片的数值计算和结构优化

本文以金属热强度为结构优化的目标函数，利用Matlab对一种矩形肋片进行了散热数值计算；通过对计算结果的分析得出了该肋片的最件肋高尺寸。作者认为利用Matlab来解决这类肋片优化问题非常方便。     

FAST背架结构优化选型及单元足尺模型试验研究

背架结构是500m口径球面射电望远镜（FAST）反射面支承结构的重要组成部分,其成型精度、自重大小及加工难易程度对FAST工作性能、项目造价及建设工期有较大影响。通过对多种背架结构形式进行细致的分析及优化,得到各自最优的结构参数及构造形式,并选取其中两种（单层结构、单层弦支结构）进行单元足尺模型试验,通过试验考察背架实际加工效果及性能。试验结果表明：普通钢结构加工工艺无法满足FAST较高的成型精度要求,需采取加设檩条调节层的构造措施;实际模型工作精度及构件应力水平与有限元模型分析结果吻合,满足功能要求;综合比较两模型的制作安装过程及工作性能,认为单层背架具有结构简单、易于制作、结构精度易于控制等优点,为两试验模型中的较优者。     

Structural optimization of jacket supporting structures for offshore wind turbines using colliding bodies optimization algorithm

Considering the size and dimension of offshore wind turbine structures, structural optimization of such structures, notwithstanding being outstandingly fruitful, is a tedious task. Nonetheless, in this paper, a metaheuristic algorithm named as colliding bodies optimization is employed when investigating the optimal design of jacket supporting structures for offshore wind turbines. The OC4 reference jacket is considered as the case study, validating the outcomes of this research. To do so, MATLAB is utilized in modeling the structure. The structural optimization is then performed when both ultimate limit state and frequency constraints are being considered. During the optimization process, the weight of the structure is approximately halved, and its first and second frequencies are kept within the considered soft–stiff range (0.21–0.32 Hz).     

钢桁架桥的设计分析与优化综述

简要叙述了钢桁架桥的发展历史和特点,对于钢桁架桥的设计方法进行了介绍,并对于其力学性能进行了分析,归纳和阐述了对钢桁架桥进行结构优化设计的一些较为成熟的方法,最后给出了关于钢桁架桥设计与优化的综合结论以及展望。     

Structural optimization of hollow-section steel trusses by differential evolution algorithm

This paper deals with the weight minimization of planar steel trusses by adopting a differential evolution-based algorithm. Square hollow sections are considered. The design optimization refers to size, shape and topology. The design variables are represented by the geometrical dimensions of the cross sections of the different components of the truss, directly involving the size of the structure, and by some geometrical parameters affecting the outer shape of the truss. The topology is included in the optimization search in a particular way, since the designer at different runs of the algorithm can change the number of bays keeping constant the total length of the truss, to successively choose the best optimal solution. The minimum weight optimum design is posed as a single-objective optimization problem subject to constraints formulated in accordance with the current Eurocode 3. The optimal solution is obtained by a Differential Evolutionary (DE) algorithm. In the DE algorithm, a particular combination of mutation and crossover operators is adopted in order to achieve the best solutions and a specific way for dealing with constraints is introduced. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is shown with reference to two case-studies. The analysis results prove the versatility of the optimizer algorithm with regard to the three optimization categories of sizing, shape, topology as well as its high computational performances and its efficacy for practical applications. In particular useful practical indications concerning the geometrical dimensions of the various involved structural elements can be deduced by the optimal solutions: in a truss girder the cross section of the top chord should be bigger than the one of the bottom chord as well as diagonals should be characterized by smaller cross sections with respect to the top and bottom chords in order to simultaneously optimize the weight and ensure an optimal structural behaviour.