基于鞣制废革屑的生物基皮革填料的制备及性能

以非铬金属鞣制废革屑为原料制备了生物基皮革填料。首先采用双氧水催化氧化法制得降解产物（DCH）,然后采用双醛海藻酸钠（DSA）对其进行改性,获得改性产物（BDH）。采用FTIR、GPC、XPS和Zeta电位测试对DCH和BDH的结构和性质进行了表征。结果表明,DSA对DCH成功进行了改性,BDH的重均相对分子质量可由DCH的3900提升至5570,同时其等电点由5.2调控至3.3。填充实验表明,相较于未添加蛋白填料的革坯,DCH和BDH填充革坯的各项性能明显更优,特别是抗张强度和丰满性;相较于DCH填充革坯,BDH填充革坯的抗张强度由11.5 N/mm2提升至22.9 N/mm2,撕裂强度由58.1 N/mm提升至80.9 N/mm,柔软度由7.2 mm提升至7.9 mm且丰满性也得到了进一步提升,上述性能整体上优于常用商品蛋白填料。     

水性环氧涂膜的亲水改性研究

采用水溶性高分子聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)作为接枝改性剂,对水性环氧涂料进行亲水改性,分析了亲水改性的机理,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对改性前后所得涂膜的结构进行表征,证实了接枝反应的存在,用液滴状分析仪(DSA)测量涂膜的接触角,用Neumann法计算涂膜的表面能,并研究了聚丙烯酰胺溶液用量、固化剂用量和聚丙烯酰胺溶液的质量浓度对涂膜亲水性的影响。     

电催化氧化法降解水中玫瑰精B的试验研究

采用热分解氧化法制备Ti/SnO2形稳性阳极(DSA电极),采用浸渍法制备过渡金属(Cu、Fe、Co、Ni)改性的膨润土作催化剂(粒子电极)并与DSA电极耦合形成三维电极体系,以玫瑰精B水溶液为模拟印染废水,系统研究不同电极体系的电催化氧化降解和脱色性能.结果表明,在DSA电极体系中添加粒子电极,可显著提高电催化氧化效...     

稀土异硫氰酸盐与二环己基-24-冠-8配合物的合成及性质研究

以无水四氢呋喃为介质合成了十三种稀土异硫氰酸盐与二环己基-24-冠-8(DCH24C8)的配合物,其组成为Ln(NCS)3·DCH24C8·nH2O(n=1,2,3)。通过红外光谱和差热-热重分析对配合物的性质进行了初步研究。     

功能化离子液体萃取分离甘氨酸

以结构和功能可设计的离子液体为萃取剂,通过液–液萃取分离甘氨酸,考察了不同结构的咪唑和季铵离子液体萃取分离甘氨酸的效果,研究了pH值、萃取温度、萃取时间、甘氨酸初始浓度和二环己基-18-冠醚-6(DCH18C6)浓度等工艺参数对甘氨酸分配系数和萃取率的影响,考察了胆碱双三氟甲磺酰亚胺盐([N1112(OH)][NTf2])的循环利用性,通过FT-IR和量子化学计算探究了[N1112(OH)][NTf2]和DCH18C6萃取甘氨酸的机理。结果表明,[N1112(OH)][NTf2]的萃取率高于其它离子液体,加入DCH18C6可提高萃取率,[N1112(OH)][NTf2]–DCH18C6复配体系中,甘氨酸萃取率可达85.4%。在最优条件下,分配系数和萃取率分别为10.9和94.4%。离子液体循环利用5次,甘氨酸萃取率仍保持90%。[N1112(OH)][NTf2], DCH18C6和甘氨酸之间存在的强氢键作用为萃取分离的关键。因此,[N1112(OH)][NTF2]?DCH18C6可有效萃取分离甘氨酸,为甘氨酸的绿色分离新工艺奠定基础。     

采用科莱恩CATOFIN?催化剂技术的全球最大脱氢工厂投产

正科莱恩CATOFIN催化剂在恒力集团新建的混合进料脱氢工厂成功投入使用。这家新工厂位于中国大连,采用了丙烷脱氢(PDH)和异丁烷脱氢(BDH)相结合的工艺技术,烯烃产能高达100多万吨,现已成为全球最大规模的使用CATOFIN催化剂技术的工厂。该工厂采用最先进的工艺,将科莱恩的CATOFIN催化剂与迈克德莫特(McDermott)旗下鲁姆斯(Lummus)公司的工艺技术完美结合。与其它PDH和BDH生产方法相比,这一工艺可提高可靠性     

基于联苯甲酰衍生物新型荧光探针的设计、合成及其性质研究

以1-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,3-二甲氧基苯基)-乙二酮、水杨酰肼为原料合成了一种新型的离子荧光探针苯甲酰双腙类衍生物BDH,化合物结构通过红外、氢谱、碳谱以及高分辨质谱进行确认.选择性实验表明,当以乙腈为溶液时,化合物BDH能够选择性地识别Cr3+.竞争性实验表明,当其他金属离子与Cr3+形成共存离子时,不影响BDH对Cr3+的检测作用,说明配体具有较强的抗干扰能力.荧光滴定实验表明,当Cr3+浓度范围在8×10-7 ～5×10-6 mol/L时,Cr3+浓度与AF呈现较好的线性关系,线性拟合系数为0.996 95,检出限为1.19×10-11 mol/L.Job's Plot实验表明,BDH和Cr3+以1∶1的形式配位.     

DSA电解槽节能技术研究

目前我国DSA法烧碱仍占主导地位,其能耗高的弊端将受制于国家的能源政策。作者着重研究了扩张阳极、改性隔膜和活性阴极等节能技术,认为必须重视改性隔膜吸附技术,提出大中型DSA氯碱企业首选扩张阳极加改性隔膜技术,电力供应不稳定或资金缺乏的小型氯碱企业可选用盒式阳极加活性阴极加普通隔膜技术。     

当代国际隔膜法氯碱的发展趋势(三)

本文提出了必须从国情出发,抓好隔膜法的技术改造。除了 DSA 外,改性隔脱是关键,同时对改性隔膜的制备要点,电解控制条件及效果作了论述。     

耐保温层下腐蚀涂料的制备及性能研究

以环氧有机硅树脂改性酚醛环氧制备了一种耐保温层下腐蚀涂料,以 TGA（热重分析）、 DMA（动态力学分析）、 DSA（表面接触角分析）等对涂层性能进行评估,考察了树脂比例、固化剂种类、颜填料种类对涂层耐热性能、机械性能和防腐性能的影响。结果表明：环氧有机硅树脂与改性酚醛环氧的质量比为 4∶6 时可有效提高涂膜耐热性能;采用该树脂,以改性脂环胺为固化剂,片状云母氧化铁红为主颜料制备耐温涂料时,涂层具有良好的机械性能、耐热性能、耐腐蚀性能,并通过 250 ℃条件下耐保温层下循环腐蚀性能要求。     

Mechanical and thermal properties of ABS and leather waste composites

To determine the possibility of using leather waste as reinforcing filler in the thermoplastic polymer composite, acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) as the matrix and leather buffing powder as reinforcing filler were used to prepare a particulate reinforced composite to determine testing data for the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the composites, according to the filler loading in respect to thermoplastic polymer. The ABS and leather powder composites were prepared by the extrusion of ABS with 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, and 15 wt % of leather powder in corotating twin screw extruder. The extruded strands were cut into pellets and injection molded to make specimens. These specimens were tested for physicomechanical properties like tensile and flexural strengths, tensile and flexural modulus, Izod and charpy impact strength, abrasion resistance, Rockwell hardness, density, Heat deflection temperature (HDT) and Vicat softening point (VSP), water absorption, and thermal degradation analysis. The incorporation of leather waste powder does not affect the tensile, flexural strengths, Izod impact strength, abrasion resistance, Rockwell hardness, density, HDT and VSP values drastically. However, the tensile modulus, tensile elongation, and charpy impact strength values are reduced significantly. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 3062–3066, 2006     

苯乙烯-alt-马来酸酐共聚物的合成及其复鞣填充作用

采用溶液聚合的方法制备了系列相对分子质量(简称分子量,下同)不同的苯乙烯-alt-马来酸酐共聚物(SMA),并通过FTIR、1HNMR、13CNMR对产物结构进行了表征,通过DSC对其热性能进行了分析。考察了分子量大小对其在皮革中复鞣填充作用的影响。结果表明,分子量是影响SMA复鞣填充作用的重要因素,随聚合物分子量的增加,处理革的抗张强度降低、撕裂强度增加、部位差降低率增大。当SMA的Mn为6 620时,处理革的撕裂强度、抗张强度和部位差降低率分别为18.325 N/mm、9.519 N/mm2和7.44%,当SMA的Mn为59 058时,处理革的撕裂强度、抗张强度和部位差率降低率分别为20.577 N/mm、5.539 N/mm2和44.98%。     

Preparation of flame‐retardant leather pretreated with pyrovatex CP

Resistance to burning is one of the most useful properties that can be imparted to leather. Pyrovatex CP is rich in phosphorus and nitrogen and has been successfully used as a flame‐retardant agent in the presence of etherified methylolated melamine (EMM). The effects of a finishing formulation containing Pyrovatex CP and EMM on the flame retardancy and other properties of modified leather have been studied under different conditions. The synergistic effect of the N/P ratio has been thoroughly investigated through the estimation of the nitrogen and phosphorus contents, and their impact on the flame retardancy, tensile strength, and elongation at break of the treated leather has been studied. An investigation of the different factors has led to the following conclusions: (1) the P and N percentages increase with increasing curing temperature and time, (2) increases in the Pyrovatex CP and EMM concentrations are accompanied by an enhancement of the P and N percentages, and (3) all samples exhibit loss in their tensile properties but within an acceptable range (20%). © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006     

纳米SiOx改性天然胶乳用表面处理剂的选择

分别以丙二醇、一缩二乙二醇、丙三醇处理纳米SiOx，研究了纳米SiOx在天然乳胶及PVA复合天然乳胶体系中的均匀分散技术；性能测试结果及SEM照片表明：①采用多羟基有机化合物作为表面处理剂，可以使纳米SiOx在胶膜中分散均匀．并有效防止其在体系中的聚集。②多数试样的拉伸强度和撕裂强度均高于添加常规补强剂（白炭黑或炭黑）的试样。③采用一缩二乙二醇作为纳米SiOx表面处理剂的天然乳胶膜，其拉伸强度为59．44MPa，撕裂强度为27．66N／mm，综合力学性能最优，分别比添加白炭黑的试样提高了44．6％和33．2％。     

Curing of crust leather by ultraviolet radiation with urethane acrylate: Role of pigment

Eight different formulations were developed with four diacrylate reactive monomers such as tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA), 1,4‐butanediol diacrylate (BDDA), 1,6‐hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA), and 2‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and aromatic urethane diacrylate (M1100) in order to modify the crust leather surface. To study the effect of pigment on the performance of ultraviolet (UV)‐cured leather surface, 1% pigment (congored) was incorporated in the formulations. Irgacure 369 (2%) was also used in the formulation as photoinitiator. The gel content, tensile strength, elongation at break, and pendulum hardness of UV‐cured thin films with and without pigment was studied. The films without pigment produced better properties. Among all the diluents, BDDA‐containing films showed the best performance. Different properties of UV‐coated leather surface such as pendulum hardness, tensile strength, elongation, gloss (at 20° and 60°), adhesion, and abrasion were studied. Effect of gloss on simulating weathering was also performed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 692–697, 2002     

Biodegradability and mechanical properties of agro‐flour–filled polybutylene succinate biocomposites

The objective of this study was the production of rice husk flour (RHF) and wood flour (WF) filled polybutylene succinate (PBS) biocomposites as alternatives to cellulosic material filled conventional plastic (polyolefins) composites. PBS is one of the biodegradable polymers, made from the condensation reaction of 1,4‐butanediol and succinic acid that can be naturally degraded in the natural environment. We compared the mechanical properties between conventional plastics and agro‐flour–filled PBS biocomposites. We evaluated the biodegradability and mechanical properties of agro‐flour–filled PBS biocomposites according to the content and filler particle size of agro‐flour. As the agro‐flour loading was increased, the tensile and impact strength of the biocomposites decreased. As the filler particle size decreased, the tensile strength of the biocomposites increased but the impact strength decreased. The addition of agro‐flour to PBS produced a more rapid decrease in the tensile strength, notched Izod impact strength, and percentage weight loss of the biocomposites during the natural soil burial test. These results support the application of biocomposites as environmentally friendly materials. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1513–1521, 2005     

A comparative study of aging characteristics and thermal stability of oil palm ash,silica, and carbon black filled natural rubber vulcanizates

Filler‐filled natural rubber (NR) vulcanizates were prepared by conventional laboratory‐sized two roll mills and cured using sulfuric system. The effect of thermal aging on physical properties and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of oil palm ash (OPA) and commercial fillers (i.e., silica vulkasil C and carbon black N330)‐filled NR vulcanizates at respective optimum loading and equal loading were studied. Before aging, the OPA‐filled vulcanizates showed comparable optimum strength as carbon black‐filled vulcanizates. The hardening of aged filler‐filled NR vulcanizates happened after aging, thereby tensile strength and elongation at break reduced while the modulus increased. Fifty phr carbon black‐filled vulcanizates showed better retention in tensile properties as compared to silica (10 phr) and OPA (1 phr). This was attributed to the addition of different filler loading and this finding was further explained when equal loading of filler‐filled vulcanizates was studied. Fourier transform infra‐red analysis showed chemical structure had changed and tensile fractured surface exhibited smooth appearance due to the deterioration in tensile properties after aging. TGA also denoted the thermal stability was depending on the amount of filler loading. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 4474–4481, 2013     

Surface modification of natural leather using diffuse ambient air plasma

The aim of this work was to activate the surface of dyed natural leather using a diffuse ambient air plasma treatment. The plasma was generated by the so-called diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge (DCSBD). It was observed that a 10 s plasma treatment time is enough to decrease the water contact angle from 85° to 45°. Improvement of wettability is important for gluing of dyed leather and better adhesion of glue to leather parts. XPS study indicated that the percentage of oxygen-containing bonds responsible for hydrophilicity is significantly increased by the plasma treatment. Influence of the plasma treatment on mechanical properties of dyed leather was evaluated using tensile strength measurement and no significant changes in the surface morphology and mechanical properties were observed. The results indicate that the DCSBD technique can provide high throughput, technical simplicity and economy required by the leather industry.     

Vulcanization characteristics and mechanical properties of natural rubber–scrap rubber compositions filled with leather particles

Scrap rubber recycling combined with waste leather particles in natural rubber compounds has been studied. The effect of leather and scrap rubber loading on vulcanization characteristics of natural rubber compounds has been evaluated. The presence of leather was found to reduce the scorch time and increase the maximum and minimum torque. While reversion was not observed in the absence of leather at 150 °C, it was more prominent when leather was incorporated. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, tear strength, modulus and hardness were found to increase on increasing the scrap rubber loading in the absence of leather. Compounds containing leather exhibited higher tensile strength, modulus, hardness and tear strength values but the modulus and hardness values were found to decrease as the scrap rubber loading increased. All the vulcanizates exhibited only limited swelling in different media as the swelling of one phase of the composite was found to be restricted by the other phase. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry