Analysing design suggestions and use of resources in co-design of educational software: A case study

This naturalistic study focuses on how the co-design of educational software is an activity mediated by and through communicative resources. The aim is to identify how design suggestions and the use of resources emerge in co-design. This study contributes to the growing interest in understanding aspects of collaboration in design. To understand the phenomenon of collaboration in design, we apply interaction analysis, dialogism and the sociocultural perspective to show which resources the participants use and how they negotiate design suggestions. We argue that such understanding is only visible through detailed analysis of naturally occurring co-design activities. We find that the design trajectory varies in how the participants orient themselves to each other and in relation to the design artefacts. Tensions make visible which communicative resources are sensitive to what the participants interpret as relevant in the context of their institutional norms and values. Their different positions must be negotiated. Together, these aspects orient the design and mediate the emerging consensus and design artefact.     

大空间建筑人员疏散问题的性能化设计

通过对大空间建筑火灾特性的研究,结合目前许多大空间建筑的消防设计无法满足现有规范要求的现实问题,分析大空间建筑中火灾状态下人员的具体情况,结合建筑实际情况采用性能化方法,解决大空间、大体量建筑的人员安全疏散的问题,并列举了工程实例进行说明.     

浅析五感在建筑设计中的表现与运用

在当今浮躁的社会环境背景下,我们应该如何用心感受城市空间、建筑空间、室内空间,五感在设计中的研究显得越来越重要。特别是当视觉已经成为我们感知习惯时,以其作为主导的感知使我们产生错觉和感知错误时,我们该如何拓展其他感知的范围,增加空间的多重感知性。本文主要是通过研究五感的来源、五感在建筑设计中的表现,对不同感知的解析,阐述其在建筑设计中不同的感知形式对建筑设计的影响,并强调五感在建筑设计中的重要性。     

A rational approach to the design of wastewater-fed fishponds

A procedure is given for the minimal treatment of wastewater in a 1-day anaerobic pond followed by a 5-day facultative pond prior to discharge into a fishpond. The criterion for the design of the fishpond is a surface loading of total nitrogen of 4 kg N ha⁻¹ d⁻¹. The number of faecal coliforms in the fishpond is then determined; this should be 1000 per 100 ml to ensure that the fish are microbiologically safe for human consumption. Fish (carp and tilapia) yields are of the order of 13 t ha⁻¹ a⁻¹, assuming that the pond is drained and harvested three times a year and that there is a fish loss of 25 percent. Preliminary financial analysis indicates that such a wastewater-fed fishpond system is commercially viable.     

华安县“五馆一中心”复杂结构设计

华安县"五馆一中心"由东、西两个单体组成,各馆之间通过2层连廊和平台连接,各馆设1层地下室。项目场地南北高差9m,北侧室外地面在建筑地上2层楼面附近,南侧室外地面在地下室底板面。本工程结构设计存在建筑高度的判定、嵌固端的选择、结构设缝、南北侧土推力不平衡等问题;由于文体建筑的功能需要,主体结构存在平面不规则、竖向不规则、斜柱、穿层柱等多个不规则项。从结构体系和概念的角度,界定了建筑高度和嵌固端,进行了计算模型的简化,对关键构件进行性能化设计,对关键节点进行有限元分析,确保结构安全可靠。研究结果可为坡地建筑的超限结构设计提供参考。     

中国援卢旺达农业技术示范中心建筑设计研究

针对中国援卢旺达农业技术示范中心项目的地域特点及该项目的特殊功能要求,分析了示范中心建筑设计的制约因素,并提出相应的建筑设计对策,以满足该项目各相关技术工种的相互配套协调的需要。     

上海万科上海传奇装配整体式结构设计关键技术探讨

上海万科海上传奇是上海首个采用装配整体式剪力墙结构体系进行设计的住宅项目,属于采用新型结构体系的抗震超限高层结构.文章介绍该装配整体式结构的设计原则、主要关键技术点和结构抗震超限分析的相关内容,包括装配整体式剪力墙结构整体设计原则、预制竖向剪力墙的布置原则、预制墙体拼缝对结构刚度的影响分析、预制墙体竖向单排灌浆套筒连接技术及装配整体式剪力墙性能化设计和结构超限抗震加强措施等.     

浅谈桥梁抗震设计中应注意的几个问题

介绍了震级和烈度的概念,从结构抗震设防水准的确定、结构抗震概念设计、结构抗震数值分析和结构抗震构造设计等方面就桥梁抗震设计中遇到的问题进行了探讨,以供桥梁结构设计人员参考借鉴。     

配筋砌块砌体剪力墙结构设计注意事项分析

对配筋砌块砌体剪力墙结构进行了简单介绍,分析了配筋砌块砌体剪力墙在国外的基本应用情况及设计中需要注意的两个关键问题,对实际工程设计具有一定的参考价值。     

Eastern Black Sea Region—A sample of modular design in the vernacular architecture

Rural settlements of Eastern Black Sea Region have an original architectural charateristics which are shaped by the climate and topographic conditions, local materials, and the social living style. But, this characteristic structure which is covering the vernacular houses, has been started to lose its specifications because of new buildings which are unconsidering the importance of local conditions and the architecture. The target of this study is to design model houses which are in accord with the vernacular architecture and climatic–topographic conditions, and will answer varying needs of the modern life. The realizations of these designs (with a prefabricated system which is easily carried, buildable on inclined topography, and simply installed) is important due to the regional conditions. Therefore, local texture will be saved, and a contemporary system will be adapted with the vernacular architecture.     

浙江省湿地休闲农业园规划设计初探

通过对湿地景观和休闲农业园规划设计理论进行研究,对浙江省湿地休闲农业园规划设计进行初步探索,提出了湿地休闲农业园规划设计原则、主要方法、内容和园区功能分区等,为湿地休闲农业的发展奠定了良好的基础。     

An approach in architectural design of energy-efficient timber buildings with a focus on the optimal glazing size in the south-oriented façade

The current research presents an architectural design approach to determine an optimal proportion of the glazing areas in regard to energy-efficiency of prefabricated timber-frame buildings, with a special focus on the south-oriented glazing surfaces. A parametric analysis is performed on the variation of the glazing-to-wall area ratio (AGAW) from 0% to 80% for six different exterior wall elements with different thermal properties. Modifications are performed for the main cardinal directions, while a detailed analysis is carried out only for the south façade. The impact of the presented variable parameters on the energy demand for heating and cooling is analysed with the use of the PHPP software. A basic theoretical contribution of the present research is transformation of a complex energy related problem to only one single independent variable - that of thermal transmittance of the wall elements (U_wall-value), with a view to determining the optimal glazing area size (AGAW_opt) for all contemporary prefabricated timber construction systems. The main aim of the current study is to offer architects a simple and useful shortcut to energy-efficient design of prefabricated timber-frame buildings. The use of mathematical linear interpolation is therefore presented as a simple method for predicting an approximate energy demand with respect to AGAW and U_wall-values.     

以通达小区的规划设计为例谈风景中的建筑

结合项目概况,介绍了项目规划设计原则,从规划布局、景观格局、公建配置、道路与停车系统、环境卫生工程规划、河道规划等方面阐述了其总体规划设计,以供类似项目的规划设计参考。     

浅谈高层建筑深基坑坑内降水方案设计

以西安市某高层建筑深基坑工程为例,结合工程地质及水文地质条件,确定基坑降水的设计参数,给出深基坑降水合理的计算方法、设计方案以及施工技术要点,以达到降水目的,实现工程施工的顺利完成,并为类似的工程提供相关的经验。     

人本精神校园的建筑设计——探析美国乔治敦大学法学院建筑的设计手法

从整体布局、建筑功能、空间设计和细部处理上,分析美国乔治敦大学法学院校园建筑的设计手法,从中感受到人本精神对使用者细致的关怀。     

A risk-based approach for the design of rock slopes subject to multiple failure modes—illustrated by a case study in Hong Kong

The widening of the Tuen Mun Road highway in Hong Kong involved construction and subsequent operation in an area of steep rock slopes above a heavily trafficked six lane highway. A risk-based approach to slope design was required by the authorities. The approach that was developed is described in detail and includes consideration of risk acceptance criteria, consequence analysis, effects of traffic characteristics, likelihood of slope failure and overall risk and risk allocation. Based on statistical data for slope failures in Hong Kong, world-wide data on dam failures and some engineering judgement, a relation was estimated between annual probability of slope failure and design factor of safety.The implementation of the design involved allocation of acceptable levels of risk to different sections of slope and different modes of slope failure such that the summation of all risk was less than an expected fatality rate of 0.01 deaths per year per 500 m section of slope. This level of risk was determined in relation to objective standards for industrial facilities generally as defined by Hong Kong Planning Guidance criteria (Hong Kong Planning Standards and Guidelines, Hong Kong Planning Department, 1996 (Chapter 11)).These risks were converted into design factors of safety using the likely numbers of failures per mode and per section (more possible failures means that each possible failure location requires a higher factor of safety to achieve the overall risk objectives). Required design factors of safety from this approach were typically in the range 1.2–1.8 compared with a normal requirement in Hong Kong of 1.4.     

A new approach on the strengthening of primary school buildings in Turkey: An application of external shear wall

Considerable life and property losses have occurred because of the devastation due to the earthquakes happened in Turkey during the last 10 years. Especially, the damages that occurred on the public buildings were more serious and irrevocable when compared with the damages that took place on private buildings. In Turkey, primary school buildings constitute a large portion of the public buildings. Unfortunately, these buildings faced with heavy damages during the last earthquakes. The strengthening of existing primary school buildings in accordance with new contract specifications, thereby reducing losses of life and property to a minimum in case of an earthquake, has become one of the important issues on the agenda of the Turkish government. However, the strengthening of the primary school buildings by using the available methods is so difficult, because the strengthening works take a long time, the user of these buildings are obliged to evacuate the buildings and also there occurs extra costs caused by the additional repairs and renovations within the buildings when these methods are used. In this study, a new strengthening type of reinforced concrete buildings namely “external reinforced concrete shear wall” application method is discussed. For this purpose, three typical projects, which have been built commonly, are mentioned. The structural deficiencies observed in these buildings are given. In the experimental stage of this study, an experimental programme is formed in order to evaluate the performance of the external shear wall application. In the experimental schedule, four reinforced concrete test specimens are produced by using the design and detailing data of the considered school buildings. According to these tests, the strengthening and system improvement performed through adding external reinforced concrete shear wall to the reinforced concrete buildings will add improved behaviour, strength and rigidity to the system with its low cost besides the ease of construction and application. Since these buildings are detached and located in a multi-purpose garden, constructed as typical projects and have special architectural layout, developing this method for the existing primary school buildings will be able to be implemented in most of the primary school buildings without any problems.     

简支梁桥抗震设计的研究--以江苏宿迁桥抗震设计为例

本文介绍了采用橡胶支座的简支梁桥抗震计算的理论、方法及抗震措施 ,并以江苏宿迁桥梁抗震设计为例 ,分析纵桥向、横桥向地震作用计算过程。计算结果表明 ,江苏宿迁桥梁在地震时 ,下部设计由地震作用控制 ,纵桥向、横桥向水平力均较大。研究结果表明 ,桥梁设计应在详细的调查基础上 ,把合理的抗震设计和有效的抗震措施结合起来 ,方可得到好的效果