美国能源部竖起太阳能墙

日前，美国能源部为了推广普及太阳能的日常应用，组织了一次太阳能设备设计比赛。结果，来自芝加哥的四名建筑师为美国能源部总部办公大楼设计的太阳能墙(图)脱颖而出，击败了其他114个竞争对手赢得了头奖。美国能源部计划把这一设计方案付诸实施，将这堵太阳能墙竖起在每天都遭受阳光直射的总部南墙之前。     

在铝箔上生长纳米柱可制造太阳能电池

美国研究人员开发出一种新型太阳能电池技术，这种太阳能电池通过在铝箔上生长直立的纳米柱制成，将整个电池封装在透明的胶状聚合物内后，即可制作出可弯曲的太阳能电池。领导此项研究的美国加州大学电气工程和计算机科学教授阿里·杰威表示，与传统的硅和薄膜电池相比，纳米柱技术可使用更为廉价和低质的材料，尤其是该技术更适于在薄铝箔上制作出可卷曲的太阳能电池板，一旦获得成功，其生产成本将可低至单晶硅太阳能板的1／10。     

江苏明年起将推广太阳能热水系统

11月13日江苏省建设厅发出了《关于加强太阳能热水系统推广应用和管理的通知》，通知要求：自2008年1月1日起，江苏省城镇区域内新建12层及以下住宅和新建、改建和扩建的宾馆、酒店、商住楼等有热水需求的公共建筑，应统一设计和安装太阳能热水系统。拟不采用太阳能热水系统的，由建设单位和建筑设计单位共同提出书面原因，经建设行政主管部门召集专家对原因进行分析论证后做出决定。城镇区域内12层以上新建居住建筑应用太阳能热水系统的，必须进行统一设计、安装。鼓励农村集中建设的居住点统一设计、安装太阳能热水系统。     

铝材在太阳能发电装备中的应用

太阳能是一种可再生的无污染的新能源，挤压铝材是制造太阳能发电装备最有竞争力的可选材料，电池板框架支柱、支撑杆、拉杆等都可以用铝合金制造。太阳能发电装备铝材可用6061、6063、6082合金挤压．平均每兆瓦的铝材用量在45-55吨之间。     

我国新能源发展重点领域确定

在2005年到2007年间，实施可再生能源和新能源高技术产业化专项。其重点包括五大领域：风力发电。开展1．5兆瓦变速恒频风力发电机组和1．2兆瓦直接驱动永磁式风电机组的产业化；太阳能光伏发电。开展太阳能电池用硅锭、硅片以及高效低成本太阳能电池组件及系统控制部件的产业化；太阳能供热和地源热泵供热、制冷。开展新型太阳能热水器和地源热泵系统产业化；高温气冷堆示范电站。开展高温气冷堆示范电站的设计研究，     

二氧化钛单晶成为有效太阳能板材料

据美国《先进材料与加工技术》近期报道，澳大利亚昆士兰大学已经成功开发出具有大量活性表面的第一批二氧化钛单晶，它变革了太阳能的获取方式，这种二氧化钛单晶的高活性表面对于太阳能转换和制氢装置的高活性和效率举足轻重。     

高效率的太阳能铝板墙

高效率的太阳能铝板墙美国资源保护公司与全美再生能源实验室共同研制成的高效率太阳能铝板墙被评为１９９４年全世界１００项重要科技成果之一。这种铝板墙是用经过表面处理的黑色铝板制成的，它的热效率高达８０％，这是迄今为止效率最高的太阳能装置。这种太阳板墙内有...     

太阳能用铝合金托架的电泳涂漆工艺

介绍了太阳能用铝合金托架的电泳涂漆工艺。分析了影响太阳能用铝合金托架电泳涂漆的主要因素，并给出了相应的解决措施和最佳工艺参数。     

太阳能热水器经济效益分析

用成本效果分析法，对太阳能热水器，电热水器，煤气热水器进行经济效益分析，并加以比较。     

太阳能空调制冷技术

太阳能空调可以有效降低传统空调的电力能源消耗,以减少空气污染.利用太阳能实现制冷效应有多种技术途径,其中将太阳能转变热能实现制冷的方式最具有应用前景.文章综述了吸附式、吸收式、除湿空调和喷射式4种常见的太阳能空调制冷技术及最新研究进展.为了提高太阳能全年综合转换效率,实现太阳能冬季采暖、夏季制冷、全年供热水综合利用,采用太阳能制冷与其它技术复合利用情况.总结了太阳能空调制冷技术应用中的关键问题和发展方向.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.