稀土含氮黄长石固溶体R2Si3-xAlxO3+xN4-x的X射线衍射研究

用热压和无压烧结工艺，在１７００～１８００℃制备了含氮稀土黄长石固溶体Ｒ２Ｓｉ３－ｘＡｌｘＯ３＋ｘＮ４－ｘ（Ｒ＝Ｎｄ，Ｓｍ，ｘ＝０，０．３，０．６，１．０，１．２；Ｒ＝Ｄｙ，Ｙ，Ｘ＝０，０．３，０．６，１．０；Ｒ＝Ｙｂ，Ｘ＝０，０．３）利用Ｇｕｉｎｉｅｒ－Ｈａｅｇｇ照相法，光密度计在ＬＳ－１８和相应的程序系统（ＳＣＡＮ，ＳＣＡＮＰＩ和ＰＩＲＵＭ）给出了稀土黄长石的Ｘ射线衍射图谱，精密测定了具有不同     

β-Sialon-Nd-黄长石固溶体材料的生成和氧化行为

研究了在β１０－Ｓｉａｌｏｎ（Ｓｉ５．２３Ａｌ０．７７Ｏ０．７７Ｎ７．２３）中加入７．２６ｗｔ％Ｎｄ－黄长石固溶体（Ｎｄ２Ｓｉ２ＡｌＯ４Ｎ３）组份的反应过程和致密化行为，烧结过程中，稀土元素先进入α－Ｓｉａｌｏｎ，随温度的升高，稀土元素存在于晶界玻璃相中，并在退火过程中以黄长石相析出。对热压及经退火处理的样品，研究了其在１０００￣１４００℃的氧化行为。１０００℃氧化时，作为晶界相的黄长石固溶体并不     

用于燃料电池的Ln_（1－x）Sr_xMnO_3系阴极材料的研究

用固相反应合成了Ｌｎ１－ｘＳｒｘＭｎＯ３（Ｌｎ＝Ｐｒ，Ｎｄ，Ｓｍ，Ｇｄ，Ｙｂ和Ｙ，ｘ≤０．５）系钙钛矿型多元氧化物，用Ｘ光衍射分析测定了反应产物的相组成和结构类型．离子半径＞０．１Ａ的Ｐｒ，Ｎｄ，Ｓｍ，Ｇｄ等取代后的Ｌｎ１－ｒＳｒｘＭｎＯ３仍具有正交ＬａＭｎＯ３的结构，而离子半径＜０．９５Ａ的Ｙ和Ｙｂ取代后的产物，则为六方结构（Ｙｂ，Ｙ）ＭｎＯ３及第二相Ｓｒ（Ｙｂ，Ｙ）２Ｏ４还测定了产物的烧结性能和电导率．发现（Ｐｒ，Ｎｄ，Ｓｍ）１－ｘＳｒｘＭｎＯ３的电导率比Ｌａ１－ｘＳｒｘＭｎＯ３约高一个数量级以上，而且都能在ＺｒＯ２固体电解质上形成结合良好的膜材，所以有可能成为另一类性能良好的燃料电池的阴极材料．     

含氮稀土黄长石固溶体的反应行为研究

用无压烧结工艺,在1500～1750℃制备了含氮稀土黄长石固溶体R₂Si_3-xAl_xO_3＋xN_4-x（R＝Nd,Dy,x＝0,0.3,0.6,1.0;R=Yb,x=0,0．3）．研究了配料组份在这些温度下的反应行为．结果表明,从轻稀土Nd至重稀土Yb,均能生成黄长石或它的固溶体,它们的含量随烧结温度的提高而增加,但稀土黄长石及固溶体的形成能力随稀土高于半径的减少而变弱,表现在轻稀土配料组份可以在低至1500℃得到以黄长石或固溶体为主的化合物,而中、重稀土则需分别提高烧结温度至1700℃及1750℃．文中对稀土黄长石固溶体反应过程中出现的其他相及影响反应行为的一些因素进行了讨论．     

用于燃料电池的Ln1—xSrxMnO3系阴极材料的研究

用固相反应合成了Ｌｎ１－ｘＳｒｘＭｎＯ３系钙钛矿型多元氧化物，用Ｘ光衍射分析测定了反应产物 相组成和结构类型。离子半径〉０．１Ａ的Ｐｒ，Ｎｄ，Ｓｍ，Ｇｄ等取代后的Ｌｎ１－ｘＳｒｘＭｎＯ３仍具有正交ＬａＭｎＯ３的结构，而离子半径〈０．９５Ａ的Ｙ和Ｙｂ取代后的产物，则为六方结构（Ｙｂ，Ｙ）ＭｎＯ３及第二相Ｓｒ（Ｙｂ，Ｙ）２Ｏ４。还测定了产物的烧结性能的电导率。发现（Ｐｒ，Ｎｄ，Ｓｍ）１－ｘＳｒｘＭｎＯ     

Li1+2x+yAlxNdyTi2-x-ySixP3-xO12系统的锂快离子导体研究

Ｌｉ１＋２ｘ＋ｙＡｌｘＮｄｙＴｉ２－ｘ－ｙＳｉｘＰ３－ｘＯ１２锂快离子导体可以用精选的天然高岭石Ａｌ４「Ｓｉ４Ｏ１０」（ＯＨ）８为起始原料，经与Ｌｉ２Ｃｏ３、ＴｉＯ２、ＮＨ４Ｈ２ＰＯ４进行高温（８００－１０００℃固相反应约２０ｈ而制得，一个空间群属于Ｒ３Ｃ的固溶体导电相可在ｙ＝０．５，ｘ≤０．３和ｙ＝１．０，ｘ≤０．４的组成范围内发现，该盯具有较好的电导性较低的活化能，起始组成ｙ＝１．０，ｘ＝０．     

溶胶—凝胶法合成Li2＋xBxSi1—xO3及其离子导电性能的研究

用溶胶－凝胶法合成了Ｌｉ２＋ｘＢｘＳｉ１－ｘＯ３（ｘ＝０－０．５）,发现形成固溶体的范围是０〈ｘ≤０．２。对其离子导电性的研究发现,当ｘ＝０．３时出现电导率极大值。     

掺杂BaCeO3和SrCeO3在氧,氢及水气气氛下的电导性能

掺杂碱土金属铈酸盐系统：ＭＣｅ１－ｘＲｘＯ３－ｘ／２（Ｍ＝Ｂａ，Ｓｒ；Ｒ＝Ｙｂ，Ｙ，Ｇｄ，Ｌａ；ｘ＝０．０１～０．１０）可由固相反应制得单相化合物，Ｘ射线衍射分析表明，掺杂元素及掺杂量对掺杂ＢａＣｅＯ３和ＳｒＣｅＯ３的晶体结构影响不大。用复数阻抗谱研究了在氧、氢、水气气氛下的电导性能。在各种气氛下ＭＣｅ０．９５Ｙｂ０．０５Ｏ２．９７５（Ｍ＝Ｂａ，Ｓｒ）的电导率最大。根据测试结果，结合缺陷化学理论讨     

稀土元素对R－α′－Sialon材料致密化和物相组成的影响

研究了不同原子量的稀土元素对稀土Ｒ－α’－Ｓｉａｌｏｎ（Ｒ—Ｎｄ，Ｓｉｎ，Ｇｄ；Ｄｙ，Ｅｒ和Ｙｂ）致密化行为和形成特性的影响．样品分别以热压及无压烧结工艺制备．研究结果表明，样品达到完全致密化所需的热压温度随稀土元素原子量增加而减少，在１５５０℃热压保温１ｈ的Ｙｂ－α’－Ｓｉａｌｏｎ已完全致密，而样品中α’－Ｓｉａｌｏｎ相的含量随稀土元素原子量的增加而变大．比较了热压及无压烧结形成的Ｒ－α’－Ｓｉａｌｏｎ的反应过程，并讨论了少量β’－Ｓｉａｌｏｎ及黄长石与α’－Ｓｉａｌｏｎ同时存在的原因．ＴＥＭ照相显示了材料中非常窄的晶界．为进行对比，同时制备了Ｙ－α’－Ｓｉａｌｏｎ样品．     

以高岭石和NaTi2（PO4）3为基的钠快离子导体

本文以高岭石为起始原料、以ＮａＴｉ２（ＰＯ４）３为母体结构，通过高温固相反应合成快离子导体Ｎａ１＋２ｘＡｌｘＴｉ２－ｘＳｉｘＰ３－ｘＯ１２系统，并研究了此系统的相组成、结构和电性能．大多数合成反应在１０７３～１２２３Ｋ下完成．在。ｘ＜０．６的组成范围内可形成具有ＮＡＳＩＣＯＮ结构、空间群为Ｃ２／ｃ的固溶体·ｘ射线粉末衍射分析表明随。的增大，系统各合成物的晶胞参数增大．ｘ＝０．４的合成物具有最好的离子电导率，６７３Ｋ时达３．００×１０－３Ｓ／ｃｍ，而激活能为３６．０２ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ．     

Magnetic properties of melt spun mischmetals-Fe-Ti-B nanocomposite ribbons

Magnetic properties and phase evolution of melt spun R9.5Fe(bal.)Ti2B10 (R = MM(A), MM(B), MM(C), Pr, Nd, Ce, and La) nanocomposites have been investigated. Based on the results for the X-ray diffraction and thermal magnetic analysis, only 2:14:1 and alpha-Fe phases appear for R = MM(A) and Pr, and an additional Fe3B phase is present for R = MM(B), MM(C), Nd, and Ce. Besides, the uniform fine grain size of 20-40 nm is almost unchanged for the ribbons with various rare earth elements. Accordingly, magnetic properties of MM9.5Fe(bal.)Ti2B10 nanocomposites are mainly dominated by the composition of Mischmetals or the rare earth elements adopted, and are consistent with the outcome for the combinations of magnetic properties of their corresponding R9.5Fe(bal.)Ti2B10 nanocomposites. In this study, the optimum magnetic properties of B(r) = 9.3 kG, (i)H(c) = 12.1 kOe and (BH)(max) = 18.0 MGOe can be achieved for MM(B)9.5Fe(bal.)Ti2B10 nanocomposites. They not only exhibit comparable magnetic properties to the commercial available powders but also reduce the original material cost effectively.     

Application of Rare Earths in Thermal Barrier Coating Materials

Rare earths are a series of minerals with special properties that make them essential for applications including miniaturized electronics, computer hard disks, display panels, missile guidance, pollution controlling catalysts, H2-storage and other advanced materials. The use of thermal barrier coatings （TBCs） has the potential to extend the working temperature and the life of a gas turbine by providing a layer of thermal insulation between the metallic substrate and the hot gas. Yttria （Y203）, as one of the most important rare earth oxides, has already been used in the typical TBC material YSZ （yttria stabilized zirconia）. In the development of the TBC materials, especially in the latest ten years, rare earths have been found to be more and more important. All the new candidates of TBC materials contain a large quantity of rare earths, such as R2Zr207 （R=La, Ce, Nd, Gd）, CeO2-YSZ, RMeAI11019 （R=La, Nd; Me=Mg, Ca, Sr） and LAP04. The concept of double-ceramic- layer coatings based on the rare earth materials and YSZ is effective for the improvement of the thermal shock life of TBCs at high temperature.     

The role of dopants in tailoring the microwave properties of Ba6-xR8+2/3x Ti18O54 R = (La–Gd) Ceramics

Microwave dielectric ceramics with a high dielectric constant need to satisfy very high technical demands. They should possess extremely low losses to achieve high Q-values (Quality factor) a small temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf), and a relative permittivity (εr) higher than 80. Industrial applications require very stringent electrical and dimensional tolerances, typically ± 0.5–1.0 ppm K-1 for a specified τf and ± 0.25% for a specified εr. To meet such requirements ceramics based on BaO–R2O3 – TiO2 (R = La–Gd) are used. The investigation of this type of ceramic was stimulated by the observation that ceramics based on compositions in the TiO2-rich region of the system exhibit highly temperature stable electrical properties. Especially interesting are compositions within the solid solubility region with the general formula Ba6-xR8+2/3x Ti18O54. As the ionic radius of the rare earth decreases the extent of the solid solubility region becomes narrower, i.e., 0<x<3 for La and x = 0.5 for Gd. Further improvements in the dielectric microwave properties can be achieved by combining different rare earth oxides, and by partial replacement of Ba2+ with other alkaline earth atoms such as Ca2+ and Sr2+. Typically such ceramics meet the requirements for Q and εr; however, τf must be additionally adjusted by the use of dopants. Most commonly bismuth and lead oxides or titanates are used. In the present contribution the role of different dopants and their influence on the resulting microwave dielectric properties of Ba6-xR8+2/3x Ti18O54 based ceramics are discussed. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Preparation and some properties of rare earth iron borates,RFe3 (BO3)4

A new series of rare earth iron borates having the general formula RFe₃(BO₃)₄ (R=Y, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy or Ho) was synthesized. The compounds were isostructural with huntite, CaMg₃(CO₃)₄, like other rare earth double borates, RM₃(BO₃)₄, M=A1 or Ga. Single crystals of Y and Gd compounds were grown by the flux method. Thermomagnetic measurements indicated that all the compounds are paramagnetic and have no spontaneous magnetization between 78°K and 730°K.     

Microhardness of flux grown pure doped and mixed rare earth aluminates and orthochromites

The results of microhardness measurements on flux-grown crystals of (i) single (pure) rare earth aluminates RAlO₃ (R = Eu, Gd, Dy, Er) and rare earth orthochromites RCrO₃ (R = Y, Gd, Yb), (ii) rare earth aluminates doped with neodymium, erbium, ytterbium and holmium, and (iii) mixed rare earth aluminate crystals of the type (La_1–x ) Pr_(x)AlO₃ (x=0, 0.25, 0.75 and 1.00) are presented. The variations in the microhardness value with load are non-linear in all cases. Kick's law fails to explain the observed variations. Instead, they are best explained by the application of the idea of materials resistance pressure in the modified law proposed by Hays and Kendall. The results indicate that the doping does not increase the hardness value of crystals in all cases. The hardness instead depends on the composition of the parent material as well as the dopant entering into the crystal lattice. Mixed rare earth aluminate crystals are shown to be harder than those of single rare earth aluminates.     

Characterization of a rare earth oxide obtained from xenotime mineral

This paper reports on the characterization of a rare earth oxide obtained by hydrometallurgy of the mineral xenotime, an yttrium phosphate containing other rare earths, and comparison with mixtures of rare earth oxides prepared in different ways. The results indicated that hydrometallurgy from xenotime yielded a solid solution of the rare earth oxides. However, when the pure rare earth oxides were simply mixed physically then heat-treated at 1000 °C, a similar solid solution was not obtained. On the other hand, when the mixtures were prepared using a co-precipitation process, subsequent heat treatment did produce oxide solid solutions similar to that produced by hydrometallurgy of xenotime.     

Behaviour of Rare Earths in Solid Solution in Steel

The contents of rare earth metals(REM) insolid solution in 16 Mn steel were determined bymeans of inductive coupling plasma (ICP)spectroscopy.The amount of REM in solid solutionis only a few ppm in the steel with MnS inclusions,which rises slightly with the increasing of REMcontent in steel.At RE/S>1.9,the MnS inclu-sions in steel disappear completely,the REM con-tent in solid solution increases rapidly with the in-creasing of REM content.The solubility of ceriumin 16 Mn steel(st 52)is less than 0.011 wt—％ atroom temperature.The results obtained indicate that REM in sol-id solution reduce the amount of pearlite and in-crease that of ferrite and its microhardness.Dis-solved REM oculd increase temperature of criticalpoints,alleviate band structnre and suppressgrowth of austenite grains.     

Effects of rare earth element Nd on the solderability and microstructure of Sn�CZn lead-free solder

Effects of trace amount addition of rare earth Nd on the properties of eutectic Sn?CZn solder were studied in this paper. Results indicate that adding trace rare earth element Nd could remarkably improve the solderability and mechanical properties of Sn?C9Zn solder joints. Especially when the content of Nd was 0.06 wt%, the wettability of the solder was improved significantly, and the shear force of Sn?C9Zn?C0.06Nd solder joint was enhanced by 19.6% as well as pull force increased by 26.6% compared to that of Sn?C9Zn solder joint,respectively. It is also found that addition of rare earth Nd could refine the microstructure of the solder and some NdSn₃ phase appeared in the solder matrix. Moreover, the IMCs thickness at the solder/Cu interface was reduced. NdSn₃ phase appeared at the interface with excessive addition of Nd, which is the key reason that deteriorates the mechanical properties of soldered joint.     

Flux pinning in melt grown LRE123 superconductors

Unlike Y123 which forms only a stoichiometric compound, the light rare earth elements (LRE: La, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd) form a solid solution LRE_1+xBa_2–xCu₃O_y. When LRE123 superconductors are melt-processed in a reduced oxygen atmosphere, they exhibit high T_c's and large J_c values in high magnetic fields associated with a second peak effect. We believe that such a behavior is closely related to the presence of a LRE-Ba solid solution. In this paper we propose the flux pinning mechanism of LRE 123, and then discuss the source of the peak effect.