Barotropic Process Contributing to the Formation and Growth of Tropical Cyclone Nargis

T This study reveals the baxotropic dynamics associated with the formation and growth of tropical cyclone Nargis in 2008, during its formation stage. Strong equatorial westerlies occurred over the southern Bay of Bengal in association with the arrival of an intraseasonal westerly event during the period 22-24 April 2008. The westerlies, together with strong tropical-subtropical easterlies, constituted a large-scale horizontal shear flow, creating cyclonic vorticity and thereby promoting the incipient disturbance that eventually evolved into Nargis. This basic zonal flow in the lower troposphere was barotropically unstable, with the amplified disturbance gaining more kinetic energy from the easterly jet than from the westerly jet during 25 26 April. This finding suggests that more attention should be paid to the unstable easterly jet when monitoring and predicting the development of tropical cyclones. Energetics analyses reveal that barotropic energy conversion by the meridional gradient of the basic zonal flow was indeed an important energy source for the growth of Nargis.     

Re-examination of Trends Related to Tropical Cyclone Activity over the Western North Pacific Basin

T In order to re-examine some trends related to tropical cyclones (TCs) over the western North Pacific since 1949, the unreliable maximum sustained wind (Vmax) recorded in the 1949-1978 TC best-track data from the Shanghai Typhoon Institute was modified based on the wind-pressure relationships (WPRs) in this study. Compared to the WPR scheme based on the cyclostrophic balance, the WPR scheme based on the gradient balance could give a better fit to TCs under higher wind speeds and could introduce smaller estimated errors for TCs locating at higher latitudes as well as TCs landing on the continent. After the Vmax modification based on minimum sea-level pressure and TC center latitude, the revised annual number of category 4-5 typhoons shows no long-term trend, while the potential destructiveness measured by power-dissipation index decreases slightly, and this trend is not significant in the period 1949-2008.     

Influence of the Saharan Air Layer on Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Formation during the Period 1-12 September 2003

Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) data show that the Saharan air layer (SAL) is a dry, warm, and well-mixed layer between 950 and 500 hPa over the tropical Atlantic, extending westward from the African coast to the Caribbean Sea. The formations of both Hurricane Isabel and Tropical Depression 14 (TD14)were accompanied with outbreaks of SAL air during the period 1-12 September 2003, although TD14 failed to develop into a named tropical cyclone. The influence of the SAL on their formations is investigated by examining data from satellite observations and numerical simulations, in which AIRS data are incorporated into the MM5 model through the nudging technique.Analyses of the AIRS and simulation data suggest that the SAL may have played two roles in the formation of tropical cyclones during the period 1-12 September 2003. First, the outbreaks of SAL air on 3and 8 September enhanced the transverse-vertical circulation with the rising motion along the southern edge of the SAL and the sinking motion inside the SAL, triggering the development of two tropical disturbances associated with Hurricane Isabel and TD14. Second, in addition to the reduced environmental humidity and enhanced static stability in the lower troposphere, the SAL dry air intruded into the inner region of these tropical disturbances as their cyclonic flows became strong. This effect may have slowed down the formation of Isabel and inhibited TD14 becoming a named tropical cyclone, while the enhanced vertical shear contributed little to tropical cyclone formation during this period. The 48-h trajectory calculations confirm that the parcels from the SAL can be transported into the inner region of an incipient tropical cyclone.     

高效节能型燃煤(燃油)立式旋风炉在工业污泥焚烧新工艺生产线的设计与运用

本工艺生产线中应用了高效改进型燃煤(燃油)的立式旋风炉,液态出渣指标非常理想,真正意义上达到了工业污泥(含危险物品与有毒污泥)减量化与无害化的目的。同时在生产线中,引进了美国的物料沸腾式干燥技术,彻底淘汰了传统的回转式干燥机,减少了投资与占地面积,保证了污泥干燥质量。在余热发电锅炉与环保系统之中,对粉尘、硫化物、氮化物、二噁英和重金属污染物、以及工业污泥液态渣资源化方面也作了设计说明。     

The relational values of scientific practice: A response to commentaries by Silverman (2000) and Mitchell (2000).

Response to commentaries by D. K. Silverman (see record 2001-07368-006) and S. A. Mitchell (see record 2001-07368-007). The author agrees with Silverman's assertion that psychoanalysis must turn to a systematic scientific approach to building a theory of mind. He also suggests that Mitchell's (2000) claim that "we have a perfect right to claim validity (the nonstatistical sort) for our ideas because they are grounded in rigorous thinking and continually cross-checked with clinical experience" (p. 159) is unlikely to be persuasive to those who are looking for psychoanalysis to meet higher standards of openness about its evidence and accountability in its assertions. The current author suggests that good scientific practice embodies the relational values of openness and accountability. Scientific practice embodies these relational values by mandating full public disclosure of the data or evidence on which its assertions are based. Psychoanalysis should aspire to scientific standards of openness about its evidence and accountability in regard to its assertions. Regardless of the inherent value of rigorous thinking cross-checked through clinical experience, it does not replace the need for verification that is independent of private clinical experience. In the end, psychoanalytic assertions possess limited credibility without independent verification. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

沪昌特钢2000版标准换版工作实践与体会

针对 2 0 0 0版ISO90 0 0族标准转换质量管理体纱的获证问题 ,介绍了沪昌特钢换版过程中的体会。     

Using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with fallible covariates.

Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) is used widely in psychological research implementing nonexperimental designs. However, when covariates are fallible (i.e., measured with error), which is the norm, researchers must choose from among 3 inadequate courses of action: (a) know that the assumption that covariates are perfectly reliable is violated but use ANCOVA anyway (and, most likely, report misleading results); (b) attempt to employ 1 of several measurement error models with the understanding that no research has examined their relative performance and with the added practical difficulty that several of these models are not available in commonly used statistical software; or (c) not use ANCOVA at all. First, we discuss analytic evidence to explain why using ANCOVA with fallible covariates produces bias and a systematic inflation of Type I error rates that may lead to the incorrect conclusion that treatment effects exist. Second, to provide a solution for this problem, we conduct 2 Monte Carlo studies to compare 4 existing approaches for adjusting treatment effects in the presence of covariate measurement error: errors-in-variables (EIV; Warren, White, & Fuller, 1974), Lord's (1960) method, Raaijmakers and Pieters's (1987) method (R&P), and structural equation modeling methods proposed by S?rbom (1978) and Hayduk (1996). Results show that EIV models are superior in terms of parameter accuracy, statistical power, and keeping Type I error close to the nominal value. Finally, we offer a program written in R that performs all needed computations for implementing EIV models so that ANCOVA can be used to obtain accurate results even when covariates are measured with error. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

The evolving profession of psychology: Comment on Lowe Hays-Thomas's (2000) "The silent conversation."

[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 31(4) of Professional Psychology: Research and Practice (see record 2007-17397-001). On page 346 in the author note, Louisiana Southern University was given as the university where Tommy T. Stigall received his PhD. The correct university is Louisiana State University.] The authors comment on R. Lowe Hays-Thomas (2000; see record 2000-03894-016). The article begins with a few comments about the master's-degree issue and then examines the evolution of professional psychology in relationship to the master's issue over the past 50 years and into the future. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Pigeon (Columba livia) encoding of a goal location: The relative importance of shape geometry and slope information.

The ability to use the geometric shape of an environment as an orienting cue for goal location has been shown in many vertebrate groups. Experimentally, however, geometric spatial tasks are typically carried out on horizontal surfaces. The present study explored how learning a geometry task is affected by training on a surface extending in the vertical dimension—a slope. In a reference memory task, pigeons (Columba livia) were trained to locate a goal in an isosceles trapezoid arena. Learning on a slope proceeded more rapidly or with fewer errors than on a flat surface, presumably because of kinesthetic, vestibular, and visual information extractable from an inclined surface. Experiment 1 showed that, although the geometric shape of the arena was encoded, pigeons trained on a slope were guided by a goal representation based on the vertical and orthogonal axes of the slope to solve the task. Experiment 2 revealed that geometric learning was neither overshadowed nor facilitated by training on a slope. The data highlight a potentially important role for slope as an allocentric cue for goal location. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

1-吡啶-3-[4-(苯基偶氮)苯基]-三氮烯与汞的显色反应及其应用

在Triton X-100存在下的pH 10的Na2B4O7-NaOH缓冲介质中,研究了1-吡淀-3-[4-(苯基偶氮)苯基]-三氮烯(PYPAPT)与汞离子(Hg2 )的显色反应,建立了微量汞的测定方法。Hg2 与PYPAPT形成1∶2的红色络合物,络合物最大吸收波长位于518 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.42×105L.mol-1.cm-1,Hg2 质量浓度在0~0.64 mg/L范围内符合比尔定律。方法用于铅锌矿样中微量汞的测定,RSD小于2.6%,测定结果与AAS法相符。     

硫脲浸出金精矿及石油亚砜矿浆萃取Au(Ⅰ)的研究

本文研究并选择了酸性硫脲浸出金精矿的最佳工艺条件,对石油亚砜从硫脲浸出矿浆中直接萃取Au(Ⅰ)的性能作了初步的探索。     

邻苯二酚紫——CTMAB光度法测定微量锡

通过对干扰离子的影响及其消除方法的研究,提出了适用于高合金钢中的以邻苯二酚紫-溴化十六烷基三甲基胺光度法测定微量锡的分析方法。锡(IV)浓度在2.5μg/25ml～40μg/25ml范围内遵守比尔定律,用于高合金钢标样中微量锡的测定获得满意的结果。     

Calorimetric Studies of the Synergistic Effect: The Reaction of RE(TTA)_3 with N503 in Toluene

Titration calorimetry has been used to study the thermodynamics of reaction in toluene solution of2-thenoyltriflueroacetone(TTA)complexes of rare earths(RE=Y,Nd,Eu,Yb)with N,Ndimethylheptyl-acetamide(N503)at 298.15 K.The heat of the reaction was determined with a TRONACModel 1250 automatic isoperibol calorimeter.The data and figures of titration curve were recorded by the com-puter automatically.An iterative technique of least-square analysis was used to calculate the equilibrium con-stants and the thermodynamic functions including the entropy and free energy changes,minimizing the errorsquare sum by a computer program.     

The chronic illness quality of life (CIQOL) model: Explaining life satisfaction in people living with HIV disease.

The chronic illness quality of life (CIQOL) model theorizes that life satisfaction in persons living with a chronic illness such as HIV disease is a function of illness-related discrimination, barriers to health care and social services, physical well-being, social support, and coping. The CIQOL model was evaluated using data from 275 persons living with HIV disease. Women reported less life satisfaction and confronted more barriers to health care and social services than men, and White participants reported higher perceptions of AIDS-related discrimination than non-White participants. The CIQOL model provided an excellent fit to study data (root-mean-square error of approximation = .03) and accounted for almost a third of the variance in life satisfaction scores. Barriers to health care and social services played a particularly prominent role in the model. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

铝箔分切机(φ)405mm双支撑气动卷取胀轴的结构设计

介绍铝箔Φ405mm双支撑气动胀轴的工作原理、结构设计及技术特点。     

The Child Behavior Scale (CBS) revisited: A longitudinal evaluation of CBS subscales with children, preadolescents, and adolescents.

The Child Behavior Scale (CBS) is a teacher-report instrument that was developed over a decade ago as an alternative to more costly methods for assessing children’s behavior and peer relations in school contexts. This investigation was undertaken to clarify how well the CBS achieves its aims with a broader age spectrum of youth (6- to 13-year-olds). Investigative aims were to examine the basic psychometric properties of the CBS and evaluate the construct and criterion-related validity of the CBS’s 6 subscales at each of 8 grade levels (Grades 1–8). These aims were examined in a longitudinal investigation with samples of children and their teachers, classmates, and parents. One sample (n = 396) was followed from 1st through 8th grade, and a second sample (n = 100) was recruited in 5th grade, combined with the initial sample, and followed through 8th grade. Results suggest that the majority of the CBS subscales provide trustworthy data about the behavioral and peer relational constructs that this instrument was designed to measure and that the CBS’s range of application, or developmental purview as an assessment tool, spans the period from early childhood (age 5) through early adolescence (age 13). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A brief assessment of concerns associated with genetic testing for cancer: The multidimensional impact of cancer risk assessment (MICRA) questionnaire.

The Multidimensional Impact of Cancer Risk Assessment (MICRA) is a new tool to measure the specific impact of result disclosure after genetic testing. The authors compared its performance with that of questionnaires measuring general and cancer-specific distress. Participants (158 women) responded 1 month after they received genetic test results. The women were divided into 4 standard clinical test result groups: BRCA1/2 positive, BRCA1/2 negative, panel negative, and true negative. Factor analysis supported the formation of 3 subscales: Distress (6 items, α= .86), Uncertainty (9 items, α= .77), and Positive Experiences (4 items, α= .75). All 3 MICRA subscales differentiated participants who were BRCAI/2 positive from the other 3 groups. MICRA thus helps identify subgroups of vulnerable genetic testing participants. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A reputation for success (or failure): The association of peer academic reputations with academic self-concept, effort, and performance across the upper elementary grades.

The associations between children's academic reputations among peers and their academic self-concept, effort, and performance were examined in a longitudinal study of 427 students initially enrolled in Grades 3, 4, and 5. Assessments were completed in the fall and spring of 2 consecutive school years and in the fall of a 3rd school year. Peer academic reputation (PAR) correlated moderately strongly with teacher-rated skills and changed over time as a function of grades earned at the prior assessment. Path-analytic models indicated bidirectional associations between PAR and academic self-concept, teacher-rated academic effort, and grade point average. There was little evidence that changes in self-concept mediated the association between PAR and effort and GPA or that changes in effort mediated the association between PAR and GPA. Results suggest that peers may possess unique information about classmates' academic functioning, that children's PARs are psychologically meaningful, and that these reputations may serve as a useful marker of processes that forecast future academic engagement and performance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)