Values as determinants of preferences for housing attributes

Preferences for housing attributes have beenstudied from different theoretical perspectivesand with a great variety of methodologicalapproaches. In explaining housing preferencesthe influence of both macro-level andmicro-level factors has been shownextensively. Relatively little attention hasbeen given, though, to motivational micro-levelfactors such as goals and values. In thisarticle micro-level motivational factors arestudied as determinants of stated preferencesfor housing attributes. The relationshipsbetween such motivational factors as values andgoals on the one hand and preferences forhousing attributes on the other are consideredfrom the perspective of means-end theory. Asemi-structured interviewing technique calledladdering is used for the measurement ofmeans-end chains. Some of the results of apilot project in which means-end theory wasapplied to preferences for housing attributeswill be discussed in the sequel.     

我国流动人口住房租购选择及其影响因素——基于 2017 年 CMDS 的实证分析

基于 2017 年中国流动人口动态监测数据,从就业因素、流动因素、个人因素和城市经济因素四方面构建全国和不同层级城市的流动人口租购选择影响因素评价模型,并运用 Logit 回归法进行分析。结果表明:流动人口住房选择以租房为主,不同层级城市流动人口租购选择比例有差异。其中一线城市流动人口的购房比例最小,租房比例最大;四线城市购房比例最大,租房比例最小。上述四方面因素对流动人口的租购选择有显著影响。不同因素对不同层级城市流动人口的租购选择影响存在差异,尤其城市经济因素中房价要素差异显著。一二三线城市房价与租购选择呈现正“U”型关系,四五线城市呈现倒“U”型关系。     

Do homeowners cope better with economic crises in terms of employment? An analysis of micro panel data from Spain, 2004–2013

This paper investigates the effects of housing tenure choice on the employment status of individuals through the empirical estimation of different dynamic panel data models using Spanish data covering the period 2004–2013. I find that there is no sign of any significant spillover effect of the regional homeownership rate on the probability of employment, whereas the average effect on this probability for the lagged housing tenure choice is robust and significantly positive, ranging around two percentage points for the whole homeowners group and for those homeowners with a mortgage outstanding. The effect vanishes for the outright homeowners. Some implications for policies supporting home ownership are briefly discussed.     

An empirical analysis of the characteristics of residential location choice in the rapidly changing Korean housing market

This study examines the factors of residential location choice by considering the characteristics of the Korean housing market. From various factors of the residential location choice of a household, this study focuses on the effect of opportunities to engage in other activities, represented by accessibility, and the variety of housing tenure types—i.e., owner-occupied, Chonsei, and monthly rent—and the change of each type’s share of the market. The results of this empirical study indicate that households will most often choose to live in districts with more accessibility (a representative variable of demand-driven market), more permitted housing floor space (that of supply-driven one), higher rents, and lower housing prices in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA). That is to say, the rapidly changing Korean housing market indicates a transition phase from a supply-driven to a demand-driven one. The significance of the variables and their effects were different for each housing tenure type. This means that the tenure type choice of a household is influenced by the level of income and assets. The results of this study are significant in understanding the characteristics of residential location choices of Korea and the countries in the transition as well.     

Housing tenure choices of rural migrants in urban destinations: a case study of Jiangsu Province,China

In China, rural migrants to urban destinations often experience poor living conditions and a low rate of homeownership, which are viewed as the results of urban institutional restrictions. Previous studies have primarily focused on rural migrants’ living conditions and comparisons of housing tenure between migrants and local citizens in large, high-level cities. However, the status and determinants of housing tenure choices of rural migrants in urban destinations other than large cities are generally overlooked. Moreover, several factors, such as rural landholding and migrants’ intention, are rarely studied. Using data from a 2010 survey conducted in Jiangsu Province, multinomial logistic regression models are adopted to explore the features and determinants of rural migrants’ tenure choices in urban destinations. In addition to the urban institutional scheme and housing market, rural land and migrants’ intention are found to play important roles in tenure choices of rural migrants in urban destinations.     

Investigating housing tenures beyond homeownership: a study of informal settlements in Kolkata,India

Improving the lives of households in informal settlements is a major development challenge. Though ownership is the predominant housing tenure arrangement pursued in national and international housing policies, there is a growing consensus that forms of tenure beyond homeownership may provide greater benefits to some households. In Kolkata, informal settlements (bastis) are the primary source of affordable housing for the urban poor. Relying on detailed household survey data, we investigate the utility gained from the diversity of housing tenure arrangements in bastis and the factors that increase the length of time a household lives in a settlement, using multinomial logit and ordinary least squares regression specifications. Our analyses show that in comparison to ownership, leasing or renting benefits large households and new migrants. Our findings suggest that policies targeted at households who rent and lease, along with improving housing and supporting infrastructure, can be effective mechanisms for improving household well-being.     

Understanding changing housing aspirations: a review of the evidence

Abstract

This article reviews the literature on changing housing aspirations and expectations in contemporary housing systems. It argues that there is a conceptual and definitional gap in relation to the term ‘housing aspirations’, as distinct from expectations, preferences, choices and needs. The article sets out working definitions of these terms, before discussing the evidence on changing housing (and related) systems. Emerging research has begun to consider whether trends such as declining homeownership, affordability concerns and precarious labour systems across a range of countries are fundamentally changing individuals’ aspirations for the forms of housing they aim to access at different stages of their lives. Whilst much of the research into housing aspirations has been considered in terms of tenure, and homeownership in particular, this article suggests that research needs to move beyond tenure and choice frameworks, to consider the range of dimensions that shape aspirations, from the political economy and the State to socialization and individuals’ dispositions for housing.     

The rhetoric and reality of housing choice: The role of urban consolidation

In Australia, growth at the fringe has been seen as an inevitable response to a lack of affordable housing in the inner and middle zones of the major metropolitan cities. Urban consolidation was seen as one way of improving housing affordability and increasing housing choices and, at the same time, constraining outward growth. It will do so only if households forego past preferences for ownership of a detached house. This paper examines the contribution urban consolidation has made to meeting affordability and choice objectives by providing some insights into whether households are trading off tenure choices for lifestyle choices based on location and dwelling type. It also provides information on the extent of spatial polarisation of income that has contributed to the observed outcomes.     

The rhetoric and reality of housing choice: The role of urban consolidation

Abstract

In Australia, growth at the fringe has been seen as an inevitable response to a lack of affordable housing in the inner and middle zones of the major metropolitan cities. Urban consolidation was seen as one way of improving housing affordability and increasing housing choices and, at the same time, constraining outward growth. It will do so only if households forego past preferences for ownership of a detached house. This paper examines the contribution urban consolidation has made to meeting affordability and choice objectives by providing some insights into whether households are trading off tenure choices for lifestyle choices based on location and dwelling type. It also provides information on the extent of spatial polarisation of income that has contributed to the observed outcomes.     

Population Mobility, Tenure Choice and Institutional Factors

The Hong Kong government is involved deeply in the housing market. It provides public rental blocks as well as subsidised housing for sale. Government intervention has created various institutional factors in the form of relocation restrictions and subsidies. Little research has been done in the past to address how mobility is affected by institutional factors, in terms of the unique tenure structure in Hong Kong. This research aims to bridge this gap. It is found that government policy has a significant effect on the mobility of households, in particular the public rental sector. Further, the patterns of tenure choice are significantly different for households of public and private sectors. There are signs that the government is intending to minimise its role in the housing system. The suspension of the HOS programme together with the cancellation of loan subsidies could further restrain the mobility of public sector households. Institutionally induced spatial lock-in among public sector households will be aggravated in the near future. It is recommended that the loan scheme should be reinstated to provide an alternative and incentive for the households in the public sector to relocate and return their flats to the Housing Authority. This can help relieve the financial pressure in the face of a budget deficit because loan subsidies are more cost effective than subsidies in kind.     

The influence of fertility,early housing-career,and socioeconomic factors on tenure determination in contemporary Britain

The time-dependent proportional hazards model is used to analyse 1st achievement by married couples of a home in 1 of the 2 major British housing tenures: owner-occupation and local authority accomodation. The effect of demographic and socioeconomic influences such as age at marriage, social class, and previous housing and fertility histories were estimated using a combination of life table and regression approaches applied to data for 3 marriage cohorts in the Office of Population Censuses and Survey's 1976 Family Formation Survey. All the factors considered have strong individual influence on final tenure. However, tenure type achieved is not determined by a single variable, but rather by a combination of factors which tend to reinforce each other. A couple with manual occupation, early marriage and child bearing, and starting their married life in shared local authority accomodation are extremely likely to become local authority tenants themselves. Factors conducive to achieving owner-occupation are likely to have the reverse effect for local authority housing. The key factors seem to be achievement of the alternative major housing tenure, social class, the birth of the 1st and 3rd children (although there is also substantial evidence that timing factors are important as well as numbers), and to a lesser effect (except at values well away from the average) age at marriage. In general, the absolute magnitudes of the estimated effects on achieving local authority accomodation were larger than the effects on owner-occupation. This may tend to reflect the rather more homogeneous characteristics of local authority tenants compared with owner-occupiers.     

中国上市房地产开发企业跨区域扩张的城市选择规律研究

房地产开发企业跨区域扩张过程中的城市投资选择,会深刻地影响其经营绩效及未来发展。基于对典型房地产开发企业跨区域扩张路径的提炼和比较分析,从理论上归纳了标识企业城市选择行为特征的主要影响因素。在此基础上,采用离散选择模型,以沪、深两市上市房地产开发企业为样本,对其在 2007~2013 年间的城市选择行为进行实证研究,总结出各企业城市选择行为的一般性规律及其在不同类型企业中的差异性,并对主要典型企业的个体性特征予以初步探讨。     

Social Disadvantage,Tenure and Location: An Analysis of Sydney and Melbourne

This article focuses on the role that housing markets play in structuring patterns of social disadvantage in Australian cities, specifically Sydney and Melbourne. It explores the relationship between housing tenure and social disadvantage at the local scale (Census collector districts) for the two cities, following a discussion of the various stands of literature on housing tenure and socio-spatial polarisation in Australian cities. It analyses the relationship between areas of high social disadvantage and housing tenure. The analysis, which uses the ABS Index of Disadvantage, distinguishes locations where comparable levels of social disadvantage are associated with very different housing markets, one where public housing is prominent and others which are primarily areas of private sector housing. The social profiles of both types of area are described, drawing out differences between the two cities, as are changes in the extent of these areas over time. The policy implications for the areas of private sector housing are then discussed.     

Residential location choice of knowledge-workers: The role of amenities,workplace and lifestyle

This study investigates the residential location choice of knowledge-workers at the intra-metropolitan level by applying discrete choice models. The models represent housing choices of 833 knowledge-workers in high-technology and financial services and analyze the relative importance of lifestyle and cultural amenities in addition to classic location factors. Hence, the model bridges the gap between the recent lifestyle-oriented and the classical utility-oriented conceptualizations of the residential choice of knowledge-workers. The most important factors are municipal socioeconomic level, housing affordability and commuting time, while substantial secondary factors are cultural and educational land-use and culture-oriented lifestyle.     

Social Disadvantage, Tenure and Location: An Analysis of Sydney and Melbourne

This article focuses on the role that housing markets play in structuring patterns of social disadvantage in Australian cities, specifically Sydney and Melbourne. It explores the relationship between housing tenure and social disadvantage at the local scale (Census collector districts) for the two cities, following a discussion of the various stands of literature on housing tenure and socio-spatial polarisation in Australian cities. It analyses the relationship between areas of high social disadvantage and housing tenure. The analysis, which uses the ABS Index of Disadvantage, distinguishes locations where comparable levels of social disadvantage are associated with very different housing markets, one where public housing is prominent and others which are primarily areas of private sector housing. The social profiles of both types of area are described, drawing out differences between the two cities, as are changes in the extent of these areas over time. The policy implications for the areas of private sector housing are then discussed.     

Moving or Improving: Housing Adjustment Choice in Kumasi,Ghana

This paper examines housing adjustment choice of households in Kumasi, Ghana. When a household is dissatisfied with its housing, it can choose to move elsewhere, improve the current dwelling, or neither. Using data from a 596-household survey collected in 1996, logistic regressions are used to examine the determinants of this choice. Results suggest that housing satisfaction and quality, plus some household characteristics, influence the choice of undertaking housing adjustment (including moving and improving). When a household decides to adjust, factors affecting the choice between moving and improving are housing conditions, tenure, household characteristics, and using housing for income generation through informal-sector activities.     

Home ownership,mortgages and psychological distress

Although many studies have established that owning a home is associated with a variety of health benefits (lower mortality and morbidity rates), important gaps in our understanding of the relationship between housing tenure and health remain. In particular, previous research has tended to rely upon single, binary measures of housing tenure (home owners versus renters). These broad categories do not capture the heterogeneity that exists within housing tenure classifications. This paper uses an expanded measure to differentiate home owners with mortgages, from those who do not have mortgages and from those who live in rental accommodation. The results reveal a gradient in housing tenure and psychological distress; individuals in rental situations report the highest levels of distress, home owners without mortgages the lowest levels. Moreover, housing tenure modifies the impact of stress on distress in these data. The findings are interpreted in the context of changes to housing policy in Canada, and the economic climate during the period in which these data were collected. Future research directions are discussed.     

Housing Tenure Preferences in the Post-privatisation Period: The Case of Slovenia

The privatisation of social housing transformed many transitional countries in Central and Eastern Europe into societies with predominant homeownership and a marginalised rental sector. The case of Slovenia shows that, despite a low level of government support of homeowners, the homeownership rate has remained at its unsustainably high level and households continue to express strong preferences for homeownership. The paper explores factors explaining current homeownership preferences in Slovenia. A comprehensive model of housing preferences is built. The model follows the proposition that tenure preferences are strongly influenced by general cultural norms and factors characterising the social, economic and political environments. The model is tested using structural equation modelling based on a survey of Slovenian households. The results reveal that the strong preferences for homeownership in Slovenia can be explained by the firm perceptions of the financial advantages of homeownership and by the lack of available rental alternatives.     

Effects of the housing price to income ratio on tenure choice in Taiwan: forecasting performance of the hierarchical generalized linear model and traditional binary logistic regression model

This study examined factors that influence the tenure choices of households in different counties and cities of Taiwan. Data collected in the Housing Status Survey by the Construction and Planning Agency of the Ministry of the Interior were analyzed using hierarchical generalized linear modeling (HGLM). The study designated the household sector as a unit at level 1 and counties and cities as a unit at level 2, with the difference among the counties and cities accounting for 9% of the total variation in rental and purchase decisions. Based on the empirical results, tenure choice was positively and significantly affected by such level-1 factors as gender, age, educational level, area per capita, number of rooms per capita, private loans, and permanent income. The level-2 attribute variable, the housing price to income ratio, had a significant negative effect on tenure choice; a higher ratio of housing price to income resulted in a higher preference among households toward leasing in their lease-or-buy decisions. With regard to the forecast ability comparison, the hit rate of HGLM (90.10%) was higher than that of the binary logistic regression model (87.26%). In terms of the forecasting accuracy evaluated using four measures of association, HGLM outperformed the traditional binary logistic regression model. Based on tenfold cross-validation, HGLM also showed a better hit rate than the traditional binary logistic regression model, meaning that the evaluation results had both robustness and reliability.