玻璃粉体系对MLCC用铜电极浆料性能的影响

多层陶瓷电容器(MLCC)在电子、通信、航天等领域应用广泛,MLCC铜端电极对MLCC的性能起到关键性作用.探究了玻璃粉体系对ML?CC铜端电极组织、性能的影响,分析了不同尺寸的玻璃体系对铜端电极的组织结构及耐酸性能的影响,研究表明:ZnO?B2 O3?SiO2体系制备的端电极烧结后在端电极与瓷体之间界面处形成较厚的过渡层,这有利于提高端电极在瓷体上的附着力,但端电极表面出现玻璃泡结构,不利于后续的电镀工艺.降低ZnO?B2O3?SiO2体系玻璃粉尺寸,烧结后界面处形成更厚的过渡层,但端电极表面出现了更多的玻璃泡.向D50为1.5μm的ZnO?B2 O3?SiO2玻璃粉制备的浆料内加入一定量的BaO?ZnO?B2 O3体系玻璃粉,烧结表面的玻璃泡结构经镀液腐蚀后消失,有利于镀层均匀附着在端电极上,从而更适合MLCC用铜端电极浆料的开发.     

金属膜电极层对Na2O-PbO-Nb2O5-SiO2玻璃陶瓷电容器电性能的影响

玻璃陶瓷电容器内电极结构及界面形貌对电性能有重要影响.采用磁控溅射法在介质层与银浆料电极间分别制备了Pt、Au、Cu和Ag金属膜内电极层,研究此电极层对Na2O-PbO-Nb2O5-SiO2玻璃陶瓷电容器电性能的影响.与单层浆料的电极结构相比,引入Pt、Au金属膜可以更有效地改善电性能:等效电容值增加25%,漏电流降低一个数量级.由SEM结果可知:Pt、Au、Cu膜与玻璃陶瓷紧密的界面接触能够抑制银向介质中扩散;然而,采用单层银浆料或引入Ag金属膜的样品界面多孔且银扩散严重.以上分析表明:Pt、Au金属膜电极层能够改善玻璃陶瓷电容器界面微观结构,有效抑制银的扩散,提高整体电性能.     

DP钢表面料浆法制备陶瓷涂层的性能

为了提高DP钢的性能,采用料浆法在DP钢基体表面制备陶瓷涂层,分析不同料浆比、骨料含量和烧结温度对涂层性能的影响。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)对涂层的物相构成进行了分析,并对陶瓷涂层的耐盐腐蚀性能和抗热震性能进行了测试。结果表明:要得到结构致密的陶瓷涂层需在料浆比为1∶10时进行制备并将试样加热到700℃再保温30 min;陶瓷涂层烧结后同时存在玻璃相和SiO_2晶体相,SiO_2与Al2O3、MgO、ZrO_2发生热化学反应形成硅酸盐;陶瓷涂层耐NaCl溶液腐蚀性能较好,约为DP钢基体的1～2倍;陶瓷涂层抗热震性能良好,在700℃水冷20次后仍完好、无裂纹、无剥落。     

多层片式陶瓷电容器电极浆料研究进展

简单介绍了多层片式陶瓷电容器MLCC(Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor)的组成、结构及要求.详细阐述了多层陶瓷电容器电极浆料的构成、功能及作用,重点介绍了导电相、玻璃相及有机载体的种类、性能和应用.最后叙述了MLCC电极浆料研究进展和发展趋势.     

低烧钛酸钡基介电陶瓷的研究进展

低温烧结的BaTiO3基介电陶瓷具有降低能耗,抑制晶粒过度生长以及适合制造贱金属内电极多层陶瓷电容器等优点。本文综述添加助烧剂、高活性纳米粉体和烧结方法的改进等对钛酸钡基陶瓷烧结温度及其性能的影响。重点介绍了助烧剂的作用机制、分类和添加方式,并对其发展方向进行了展望。     

异相陶瓷界面对多层陶瓷电容器介电特性的影响

借助于电子显微镜和介温谱仪,研究了热稳定型复相多层陶瓷电容器中存在的异质、异相陶瓷界面的互扩散对其介电特性的影响。结果表明,异质界面之间存在明显的扩散层。其中不同铁电陶瓷之间过渡层的形成虽有助于改善电容器的容温特性,提高界面的粘接强度,但这民在一定程度上破坏了原先的结构设计,改变了元件的电容值。另外,由于不同铁电陶瓷相的烧结特性的不匹配易导致出现界面裂纹和空洞等共烧缺陷,从而提高了元件的介电损耗,相对疏松的界面易出现在涂覆端电极时镀液的渗入,降低了可靠性。     

热浸镀与微弧氧化复合处理20钢的表面性能

为提高舰船发动机排气管用20钢基材耐腐蚀等表面性能,采用热浸镀铝与微弧氧化技术复合处理形成铝-陶瓷复合层,采用显微硬度计、扫描电镜、多功能材料表面性能测试仪、电化学工作站等表征复合层显微硬度、耐磨、耐腐蚀和抗热震等表面性能。结果表明:复合层至基体间结构层硬度分布呈硬-软-硬-软的间断区域性分布特点;铝-陶瓷复合层的耐磨性优于铝镀层和20钢基体;与20钢基体相比,铝镀层和复合陶瓷层的全浸泡腐蚀失重值下降,腐蚀反应极化电阻增加,腐蚀电压增大,腐蚀电流密度减小,尤其是复合陶瓷层的耐腐蚀性显著提高,耐盐雾能力达1 000 h;陶瓷复合层在600℃下热震次数可达130次,层间界面结合紧密。     

玻璃粘结剂对陶瓷电容器镍电极性能的影响

研究了玻璃粘结剂组成和含量对陶瓷电容器镍电极附着力、方阻和可焊性的影响,并使用SEM和EDS分析了其中的影响机制.结果表明,ZnO和PbO能够提高玻璃对陶瓷基板的润湿性能,进而增强镍电极的附着强度;增大玻璃含量有助于增强镍电极的附着强度,但在晶界和镍晶粒内部析出的多余玻璃相会导致电极电性能和可焊性下降.镍导电浆料中玻璃与镍粉质量比为0.08是比较合适的.     

多层陶瓷电容器研究现状和发展展望

片式多层陶瓷电容器是新型片式元器件门类的主要品种之一.介绍了多层陶瓷电容器国内外研究现状和发展状况,重点介绍了镍内电极多层陶瓷电容器、高容量多层陶瓷电容器和高压多层陶瓷电容器,同时指出我国多层陶瓷电容器行业存在的问题和发展方向.     

多层陶瓷电容器内电极镍粉的研究进展

近年来,贱金属电极片式陶瓷电容器(BME-MLCC)在MLCC产业中占有越来越重要的地位,到2002年,世界上已有超过70%的MLCC采用Ni贱金属内电极.介绍了MLCC用镍粉的研究进展及存在的主要问题,分析了内电极用镍粉性能对MLCC性能的影响,指出当前镍内电极MLCC存在的主要问题是由镍粉分散性、抗氧化性差和与陶瓷介质烧结行为不匹配等带来的,同时阐述了其解决问题的关键在于超细镍粉的制备和表面改性技术的研究.     

SnAgCu(SnPb)/Ni和SnAgCu(SnPb)/Cu界面金属间化合物在热冲击过程中的生长规律

通过对SnAgCu（SnPb）／Ni和SnAgCu（SnPb）／Cu界面热）中击过程中金属间化合物（Intermetallic compound，IMC）生长规律的研究，以期更好的了解SnAgCu无铅焊料与Ni或Cu金属化层的相互匹配。结果表明固溶在焊料中的Cu或者Ni影响热）中击过程中界面IMC的演化。采用NiAu镀层时，IMC的生长速率比HASL（Hot Air Solder Level）镀层慢，并且界面没有Kirkendall孔洞生成，所以有更好的长期可靠性。采用SnAgCu焊料时，界面Kirkendall孔洞较SnPb焊料少，界面IMC的生长速率较SnPb焊料慢。     

静电喷涂聚酰亚胺涂层的防腐蚀性能

聚酰亚胺(PI)在防腐蚀方面前景良好,但目前国内报道不多。采用静电喷涂的方法在N80钢表面制备了一种聚酰亚胺防腐蚀涂层。通过盐雾试验、浸泡试验评价了涂层在不同腐蚀环境中的耐蚀性能;通过硬度测试和抗冲击试验评价了涂层的力学性能;采用红外光谱、电化学方法交流阻抗、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)等方法研究了涂层的失效过程。结果表明:涂层耐盐雾性能良好,3 080 h盐雾试验后仅表面发生微观物理破坏,在人工划痕处产生少量腐蚀产物;涂层在3.5%NaCl溶液和25%HCl溶液中耐蚀性能优异,电化学性能不随时间发生显著变化,但在涂层表面产生少量微观缺陷;涂层力学性能良好,但提高腐蚀介质温度会使得力学性能下降。     

表面贴装技术的工艺参数对共晶SnPb焊料与铜焊接界面的影响

采用扫描电镜与能谱分析方法,研究了表面贴装技术的工艺参数（包括恒温区保温时间、传送带速度、锡膏粘度和锡膏模板厚度等）对共晶SnPb焊料与铜焊接界面的影响.结果显示,表面贴装技术工艺参数并不明显影响焊接界面金属间化合物（IMCs）层的组成（IMCs层的主要成分为Cu6Sn5相）,但影响IMCs层的形貌,其中传送带速度会影响Cu6Sn5相的平均直径,而锡膏模板厚度与恒温区保温时间则对IMCs层的形态与厚度影响较大.     

仿生涂层形貌对MgZnSrCa合金降解速率的影响

镁合金降解速率过快限制了其作为生物医用材料的应用,对镁合金降解速率的控制成为了研究的热点。采用仿生法在MgZnSrCa合金基体表面形成羟基磷灰石涂层。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜及能谱仪对涂层结构、形貌和成分进行分析和观察。通过失重法、析氢法、pH值测定等方法,研究不同涂层形貌的合金试样在人体模拟体液(SBF)中的降解速率。实验结果表明:羟基磷灰石(HA)涂层可以降低合金的降解速率,可以通过控制涂层形貌对合金的降解速率进行控制。     

高硅氧纤维负载纳米Dy/TiO_2薄膜的制备及性能

为提高纳米TiO_2的光催化降解性能和稳定性,先采用微波-溶胶法制备Dy/TiO_2溶胶,再以高硅氧玻璃纤维编织体为载体,经过浸渍-提拉法制备具有高催化性能的高硅氧纤维负载纳米Dy/TiO_2薄膜。采用XRD,SEM,PL,EDS,XPS等仪器对薄膜的物相、表面形貌结构、表面元素组成及薄膜的稳定性进行表征,并且研究预处理液和涂覆方式对高硅氧纤维薄膜的影响。另外以甲基橙为目标降解物,考察样品的光催化性能。结果表明:以高硅氧玻璃纤维编织体为载体制备的Dy/TiO_2薄膜稳定性很好;经5次涂覆后,Dy/TiO_2高硅氧纤维薄膜对甲基橙的降解率在30min后达到94%。     

Influence of Thermal Cycling on the Microstructure and Shear Strength of Sn3.5Ag0.75Cu and Sn63Pb37 Solder Joints on Au/Ni Metallization

The influence of thermal cycling on the microstructure and joint strength of Sn3.5Ag0.75Cu （SAC） and Sn63Pb37 （SnPb） solder joints was investigated. SAC and SnPb solder balls were soldered on 0.1 and 0.9 μm Au finished metallization, respectively. After 1000 thermal cycles between -40℃ and 125℃, a very thin intermetallic compound （IMC） layer containing Au, Sn, Ni, and Cu formed at the interface between SAC solder joints and underneath metallization with 0.1 μm Au finish, and （Au, Ni, Cu）Sn4 and a very thin AuSn-Ni-Cu IMC layer formed between SAC solder joints and underneath metallization with 0.9 μm Au finish. For SnPb solder joints with 0.1 μm Au finish, a thin （Ni, Cu, Au）3Sn4 IMC layer and a Pb-rich layer formed below and above the （Au, Ni）Sn4 IMC, respectively. Cu diffused through Ni layer and was involved into the IMC formation process. Similar interfacial microstructure was also found for SnPb solder joints with 0.9μm Au finish. The results of shear test show that the shear strength of SAC solder joints is consistently higher than that of SnPb eutectic solder joints during thermal cycling.     

Electrografting of a biodegradable layer as a primer adhesion coating onto a metallic stent: in vitro and in vivo evaluations

Drug-eluting stents have been developed to reduce the risk of restenosis after angioplasty. To facilitate the adhesion of a poly(lactic acid) (PLA) overlayer loaded with rapamycin (20 wt%), a biodegradable macromonomer based on poly(lactic acid) (HEMA-PLA) was grafted onto the metallic stent by electrografting in a one-step reaction involving the immobilization of aryl diazonium onto the metal followed by an in situ surface electro-polymerization. The HEMA-PLA coating was chemically characterized. Mechanical performance during stent expansion was tested. Morphology examinations showed a strong adhesion of PLA topcoat in the presence of the electrografted layer. Biocompatibility and degradation of the coating were studied in vitro and in vivo in rabbit iliac arteries. These 28 days implantations resulted in a minimal inflammatory process with a partial degradation of the coating. These results suggest that this kind of anchoring of a biodegradable layer shows great potential for drug-eluting stents.     

Natural and semi-natural field exposure testing and analysis,on optical degradation of a building integrated unglazed solar collector surface

Durability is of great importance when considering sustainable energy systems. In turn it lays emphasis on assessing performance over time of energy systems and components. This paper presents a study on optical degradation of a building-integrated Unglazed Solar Collector (USC) surface, by exposing USC specimens to a natural and semi-natural field exposure test. Particular interest is devoted to the semi-natural field exposure test method evaluation, and the degradation of optical properties. The study showed that about 11 months of field exposure testing did not cause any significant optical (total solar absorptance and IR emittance) or material (surface coating) degradation; although measurements revealed a decrease in specular reflectance as diffuse increased. It was likely due to surface pollution that predominantly consisted of quartz. The study also showed that it is possible to achieve a considerable increased moisture exposure on test surfaces (semi-natural field exposure test), through a relatively simple cooling device (Direct-Air Peltier-Element) and rough control strategy.     

Benefits of Zr addition to oxidation resistance of a single-phase (Ni,Pt)Al coating at 1373 K

A single-phase (Ni,Pt)Al coating with lean addition of Zr was prepared by co-electroplating of Pt-Zr composite plating and subsequent gaseous aluminization treatments. Isothermal and cyclic oxidation behavior of the Zr-doped (Ni,Pt)Al coating samples was assessed at 1373 K in static air in comparison with plain nickel aluminide (NiAl) and normal (Ni,Pt)Al coatings. Results indicated that Zr-doped (Ni,Pt)Al coating demonstrated a lower oxidation rate constant and reduced tendency of oxide scale spallation as well as surface rumpling, in which the enhanced oxidation performance was mainly attributed to the segregation of Zr at oxide scale grain boundaries and the improved Young’s modulus of the coating. Besides, the addition of Zr effectively delayed oxide phase transformation of Al₂O₃ from θ phase to α phase in the early oxidation stage and coating degradation of β-NiAl to γ'-Ni₃Al in the stable oxidation stage.     

近红外反射超疏水黄色涂层的制备和性能

将钛铬棕粉末(TCB)、金红石型二氧化钛(TiO₂)、疏水纳米二氧化硅(SiO₂)与聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)溶液混合,一步刷涂制备出超疏水黄色涂层,系统地研究了涂层的表面润湿性、疏水稳定性、耐紫外线老化性能、自清洁性能、以及近红外反射性能。结果表明,这种涂层的水接触角(CA)和滚动角(SA)分别为155.2°和5.4°;涂层在1.0 kPa的压力下经过2 m距离的砂纸磨损后和5 L的水流冲击后依然保持优异的疏水性,其附着力和硬度分别达到2级和6B等级;不同pH值的溶液在涂层表面都具有超疏水效果并具有化学稳定性;用紫外线照射240 h后涂层表面仍然保持极强的疏水性,表明其具有耐紫外线老化性能;涂层表面具有优异的自清洁性能,污染物极易地被水滴带走;涂层的近红外反射率和太阳反射率分别达到0.858和0.672,对普通水泥板具有明显的降温效果,在户外暴露和水流冲击后仍保持较高的反射率。