将130t/h煤粉锅炉改成循环床锅炉的设想

<正> 一、目的和意义我国50、60年代安装的一批容量为130t/h的煤粉锅炉普遍存在下列问题: 1.锅炉已超龄服役; 2.不适应贫煤、无烟煤的燃烧; 3.燃烧效率不高; 4.不适应高硫煤的燃烧; 5.NO_x的排放浓度高; 6.灰渣综合利用问题。目前我国电力紧缺,这批炉子报废又不可能,所以寻求一种改造这批炉子的技术,达到延长服役期,又能克服上述六方面的问题,是摆在我们面前的一个重要任务。完成这项任务对这批炉子的更新改造,节约投资,让每     

循环流化床锅炉施工的几点体会

介绍了循环化床锅炉施工中，磷酸耐火砖的砌筑，磷酸盐耐火砼的施工，过热器的密封，膜管的焊接特上关键技术问题的处理方法，有效地提高了锅炉的使用寿命。     

龙海型沸腾锅炉运行中存在问题及改善措施

针对该锅炉运行中存在的煤种适应性、负荷调节、除尘和噪声等问题提出改善措施。     

循环流化床锅炉的开发与进展

五十年代末,化学工程中的流态化技术开始进入热能动力工程系统,出现了流化床燃烧锅炉,即所谓鼓泡流化床锅炉或沸腾锅炉。它成功地解决了劣质燃料(如油页岩、煤矸石,石煤等)的燃烧问题,扩大了能源资源的利用,为区域经济的发展作出了贡献。但是,由于鼓泡流化燃烧过程中夹带出很多燃料颗粒,致使炭的损失严重,燃烧效率很低(仅有65～85%);     

国内循环流化床锅炉运行中的问题及原因探讨

总结了国内循环流化床锅炉运行中的问题,对产生这些问题的原因进行了分析,并对循环流化床锅炉研制中分离器,床内脱硫及其大型化问题提出了年地法。     

低压锅炉化学清洗方法探讨

根据多年的工作实践和有关试验研究，就《低压锅炉化学清洗规则》在近十年实施过程中存在的一些问题，提出了若干看法，并给出了相应改进措施和新的清洗方法。     

美国田纳不相上下河流管理局加拉亭电厂的老锅炉改用平衡磷酸盐处理方法

本文回顾了田纳西流域管理局加拉亭电厂１号机组的锅炉水处理的历史，介绍了锅炉水处理方法由协调磷酸盐处理法（ＣＰＴ）改换成平衡磷酸盐处理法（ＥＰＴ）的情况。改用ＥＰＴ方法以后，消除了磷酸盐的隐慝点和返原现象，以及在负荷随操作变化过程中ＰＨ和电导率剧烈波动现象。     

中国基础磷化工产业现状与展望

以磷肥、黄磷、热法磷酸、三聚磷酸钠、饲料磷酸氢钙等产品为例,阐述了基础磷化工产业现状,针对基础磷化工产品同质化、技术等同化、市场过剩的局面,分析了产生问题的原因。指出基础磷化工必须淘汰落后产能,必须依靠技术进步降低生产成本,实现产品结构的升级与调整;而技术进步的重点在于实现原子经济效益、能源利用和劳动生产效率三者的最大化以及消耗的最小化,要不断开发满足社会需求的新产品。此外,还对相关的政策法规和规章制度提出建议。     

Long-term residual value of North Carolina and Queensland rock phosphates compared with triple superphosphate

The effectiveness of large single applications of North Carolina reactive rock phosphate, Queensland non-reactive rock phosphate, and Calciphos, were compared to the effectiveness of superphosphate in field experiments in south-western Australia for up to 11 years after application. As measured using plant yield, superphosphate was the most effective fertilizer in the year of application, and relative to freshly-applied superphosphate, the effectiveness of the superphosphate residues declined to be about 15 to 65% as effective in the year after application, and 5 to 20% as effective 9 to 10 years after application. Relative to freshly-applied superphosphate, all the rock phosphates were 10 to 30% as effective in the year of application, and the residues remained 2 to 20% as effective in the 10 years after application. The bicarbonate soil test reagent predicted a more gradual decrease in effectiveness of superphosphate of up to 70% 10 years after application. For rock phosphate, the reagent predicted effectiveness to be always lower than for superphosphate, being initially 2 to 11% as effective in the year after application, and from 10% to equally as effective 10 years later. Therefore rock phosphates are unlikely to be economic alternatives to superphosphate in the short or long term on most lateritic soils in south-western Australia.     

The vibration welding of poly(butylene terephthalate) and a polycarbonate/poly(butylene terephthalate) blend to each other and to other resins and blends

Vibration welding is used to assess the weldability of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and a polycarbonate/poly(butylene terephthalate) blend (PC/PBT) to each other and to other resins and blends: PBT to PC/PBT, PBT to modified poly(phenylene oxide) (M-PPO), PBT to polyetherimide (PEI) and PEI to a 65 wt% mineral-filled polyester blend (65-PF-PEB), PBT to a poly(phenylene oxide)/polyamide blend (PPO/PA), PC/PBT to M-PPO, and PC/PBT to PPO/PA. Based on the tensile strength of the weaker of the two materials in each pair, the following relative weld strengths have been demonstrated: PBT to PC/PBT,98%; PBT to PEI, 95%; 65-PF-PEB to PEI, 92%; and PC/PBT to M-PPO, 73%. PBT neither welds to M-PPO nor to PPO/PA, and PC/PBT does not weld to PPO/PA.     

安克锰锌在荔枝树上施用的残留代谢消解规律与安全性评价

安克锰锌是烯酰吗啉两个异构体和代森锰锌组成的多元混合制剂。试样经粉碎、溶剂浸泡提取、混合柱净化,用气相色谱测定烯酰吗啉和代森锰锌母体(CS2),液相色谱测定代谢物乙撑硫脲(ETU)。仪器最低检出量:烯酰吗啉为1.436×10-12g,代森锰锌母体1.326×10-10g,ETU2.5×10-10g,最低检出浓度依次为0.02、0.025、0.02mg/kg,方法回收率依次为86.4%～90.8%、89.2%～95.9%、89.10%～95.13%;标准偏差为0.53～4.34;变异系数为0.58%～4.62%。安克锰锌在果皮中的消解方程广西和广东分别为C=1.2719e-0.1975T和C=1.045e-0.1972T,半衰期(T/2)均为3.5d;土壤中分别为C=0.8734e-0.1187T和C=0.6171e-0.1146T,半衰期(T/2)=6d;最高剂量250倍、最多施3次,最短距收期7d,在果肉中均未检出,果皮和土壤中的残留仅分别为0.1385～0.1745mg/kg和0.3105～0.3415mg/kg,均低于欧共体规定代森锰锌MRL值0.5mg/kg。     

生成兴趣的大学教学

大学教育不仅仅是教给学生课本上的知识,更重要的是教会他们学习的方法,如何去获取有用的知识,以及如何利用所学的知识去解决实际问题。如何培养大学低年级学生的学习兴趣,如果引导他们主动去学习,在化学实验课上,又如何主动细致的去完成动手部分的学习,将是我们大学教学工作中急需要改进和提高的重要部分。     

Finite-Size Effects in O and CO Adsorption for the Late Transition Metals

Gold is known to become significantly more catalytically active as its particle size is reduced, and other catalysts are also known to exhibit finite-size effects. To understand the trends related to finite-size effects, we have used density functional theory to study adsorption of representative adsorbates, CO and O, on the late transition metals Co, Ni, Cu, Ir, Pd, Ag, Rh, Pt and Au. We studied adsorption energies and geometries on 13-atom clusters and compared them to the fcc(111) and fcc(211) crystal facets. In all cases, adsorbates were found to bind significantly more strongly to the 13-atom clusters than to the extended surfaces. The binding strength of both adsorbates were found to correlate very strongly with the average coordination number of the metal atoms to which the adsorbate binds, indicating that the finite-size effects in bonding are not specific to gold.     

An algorithm for generating color scales for both categorical and ordinal coding

Previous research has shown multihue scales to be well‐suited to code categorical features and shown lightness scales to be well‐suited to code ordinal quantities. We introduce an algorithm, Motley, that produces color scales varying in both hue and lightness, intended to be effective for both categorical and ordinal coding, allowing users to determine both absolute and relative quantities efficiently and accurately. The algorithm first determines the lightnesses of scale colors to maximize perceived lightness differences and establish the lightness ordering, generating separate search spaces for each scale position. It then selects hues by heuristic search to maximize the discriminability of the scale. It produces scales that are ordered with respect to lightness but unordered with respect to hue and thus more discriminable than typical multihue lightness scales. In an experimental evaluation on human subjects, Motley's scales enabled accurate judgments of relative quantity, with response times superior to unordered multihue scales and comparable to ordered lightness scales, and enabled accuracy and speed of judgments of absolute quantity superior to lightness scales and comparable to multihue scales. Published 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Col Res Appl, 2010.     

5种新型杀菌剂对4种鱼的急性毒性及安全性评价

为评价5种新型杀菌剂的环境安全性,采用半静态法测定了其对4种鱼的急性毒性。结果表明,氟醚菌酰胺对斑马鱼、稀有鮈鲫和凤尾鲫的LC_(50)(96 h)均大于100 mg/L,对青鳉的LC_(50)(96 h)为35.25 mg/L,其急性毒性均为低毒;氟吡菌胺对斑马鱼、青鳉、稀有鮈鲫和凤尾鲫的LC_(50)(96 h)分别为1.49、0.56、0.35、1.04 mg/L,其对斑马鱼和凤尾鲫急性毒性为中毒,对青鳉和稀有鮈鲫为高毒;苯噻菌胺对斑马鱼、稀有鮈鲫和凤尾鲫的LC_(50)(96 h)均大于100 mg/L,对青锵的LC_(50)(96 h)为88.23mg/L,其急性毒性均为低毒;嘧菌酯对斑马鱼、青鳉、稀有鮈鲫和凤尾鲫的LC_(50)(96 h)分别为106.80、0.44、85.96、4.61 mg/L,其对斑马鱼和稀有鮈鲫急性毒性为低毒,对青鳉急性毒性为高毒,对凤尾鲫为中毒;醚菌酯对斑马鱼、青鳝、稀有鮈鲫和凤尾鲫的LC_(50)(96 h)分别为0.77、0.66、0.51、0.81 mg/L,其对4种鱼急性毒性均为高毒。明确这些药剂的环境安全性对指导其科学使用,保护环境生物均有较大意义。     

煤或天然气经甲醇制低碳烯烃工艺研究新进展

由煤或天然气经甲醇制低碳烯烃工艺是解决石油资源紧张、低碳烯烃需求量越来越大等问题的有效路线。介绍了几种有代表性的经甲醇制低碳烯烃工艺,包括美国UOP/Hydro甲醇制烯烃工艺,中国科学院大连化学物理研究所的合成气经由二甲醚制低碳烯烃(SDTO)工艺,德国Lurgi公司的甲醇制丙烯工艺,以及甲醇制烯烃与AtoFina/UOP烯烃裂解的集成工艺;分析了各工艺目前达到的技术指标及最近的技术改进,关注了各工艺近几年的工业化进程。除了SDTO工艺外,其他几种工艺有望在未来几年内实现工业化。国内甲醇制低碳烯烃工艺的开发应借助于流化催化裂化成熟的工程设计经验,同时加大甲醇制烯烃工艺流化床催化剂的开发力度。     

常减压蒸馏装置检修总结

文章通过常减压蒸馏装置炉类、塔类、容器类、换热器类设备大检修过程中发现的问题及处理情况进行总结;并结合装置检修前编制检修计划、检修过程质量控制及本次检修中存在的优缺点进行了总结,为同类装置检修提供借鉴。