四甲基氢氧化铵相转移催化合成N,N-二乙基苯胺的研究

用四甲基氢氧化铵作相转移催化剂,可在常压下由苯胺和溴乙烷合成N,N-二乙基苯胺。研究了多种反应因素对目的产物产率的影响,各影响因素对产率提高的重要性次序依次是:反应物摩尔比>氢氧化钠溶液用量>反应时间>催化剂用量>氢氧化钠溶液质量分数>反应温度。提出了常压下催化合成目的产物的最佳工艺条件是:n(苯胺)∶n(溴乙烷)=1∶2．50,催化剂用量0．40 mL,在45 mL 质量分数为0．50的氢氧化钠溶液中,反应温度65℃,常压反应7 h,产品产率90．6％。     

聚乙二醇1000相转移催化合成N，N-二乙基苯胺的研究

用聚乙二醇1000作相转移催化剂，在常压下由苯胺和溴乙烷合成了N，N-二乙基苯胺。研究了多种反应因素对目的产物产率的影响，提出了常压催化合成目的产物的最佳工艺条件是：苯胺和溴乙烷的摩尔比为1：1．50，催化剂用量0．20g，在30ml、35％的氢氧化钠溶液中，反应温度65℃，常压反应5h，产品收率69．72％。     

聚乙二醇4000相转移催化合成N,N-二乙基苯胺

用聚乙二醇4000作相转移催化剂，在常压下由苯胺和溴乙烷合成N，N-二乙基苯胺，研究了多种反应因素对目的产物产率的影响，提出了常压催化合成目的产物的最佳工艺条件是：苯胺和溴乙烷的摩尔比为1：1.5，催化剂用量0．20g，在25mL40％（质量分数）的氢氧化钠溶液中，反应温度55℃，常压反应6h，产品收率89．3％。     

正癸基三乙基溴化铵相转移催化合成N，N-二乙基苯胺的研究

用正癸基三乙基溴化铵作为相转移催化剂,在常压下由苯胺和溴乙烷合成N,N-二乙基苯胺,研究了多种因素对目的产物产率的影响,提出了常压催化合成目的的产物的最佳工艺条件是:n(苯胺):n(溴乙烷)=1:1.75,相转移催化剂用量1%(摩尔分数),在35%的氢氧化钠溶液中,反应温度85℃,常压反应5 h,产品产率82.4%.     

聚乙二醇1540相转移催化合成N,N-二乙基苯胺的研究

用聚乙二醇1540作相转移催化剂,常压下由苯胺和溴乙烷合成N,N-二乙基苯胺,研究多种反应因素对目的产物收率的影响,提出了常压催化合成目的产物的最佳工艺条件:苯胺和溴乙烷物质的量比为1:1.50,催化剂用量0.60g,在25mL质量分数50%的氢氧化钠溶液中,反应温度45℃,常压反应5h,产品收率85.1%。     

聚乙二醇600相转移催化合成N，N-二乙基苯胺的研究

用聚乙二醇600作相转移催化剂,在常压下由苯胺和溴乙烷合成了N,N 二乙基苯胺,研究了多种反应因素对目的产物产率的影响,提出了常压催化合成目的产物的优化工艺条件是:苯胺和溴乙烷的物质的量比为1∶1 75,催化剂用量1 00g,在30mL35%的氢氧化钠溶液中,反应温度65℃,常压反应6h,产品收率75 74%。     

聚乙二醇400相转移催化合成N,N-二乙基苯胺的研究

用聚乙二醇400作相转移催化剂,在常压下由苯胺和溴乙烷合成N,N-二乙基苯胺,研究了多种反应因素对目的产物产率的影响,提出了常压催化合成目的产物的最佳工艺条件是:苯胺和溴乙烷的摩尔比为1∶2.25,催化剂用量0.20g,在45ml35%(质量分数)的氢氧化钠溶液中,反应温度65°C,常压反应6h,产品收率79.8%。     

四丁基氯化铵相转移催化合成N,N-二乙基苯胺的研究

以四丁基氯化铵作相转移催化剂 ,可在常压下由苯胺和溴乙烷合成N ,N -二乙基苯胺。研究了多种反应因素对目的产物收率的影响 ,提出了常压下催化合成目的产物的最佳工艺条件。     

相转移催化合成N,N-二乙基苯胺的研究

用四乙基氯化胺作相转移催化剂可在常压下由苯胺和溴乙烷合成N,N-二乙基苯胺。研究了多种反应因素对目的产物产率的影响,提出了常压下催化合成目的产物的最佳工艺条件。     

相转移催化合成N,N-二乙基苯胺的研究

使用苄基三甲基氯化铵作相转移催化剂可在常压下由苯胺和溴乙烷合成Ｎ，Ｎ－二乙基苯胺。研究了多种反应因素对目的产物产率的影响，提出了常压下催化合成目的产物的最佳工艺条件。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.