Al_2O_3/TiO_2纳米抗菌剂的制备及性能

以TiC l4、A l2(SO4)3为原料,控制n(A l2O3)/n(TiO2)=0.2,采用液相共沉淀法制备了A l2O3/TiO2纳米抗菌剂,并用DSC-TG、XRD、UV-vis等手段研究了A l2O3复合对TiO2抗菌性能的影响。结果表明,复合A l2O3后,TiO2纳米抗菌剂经900℃煅烧后完全是锐钛矿结构;950~1 050℃为良好的混晶结构,其中,经950℃煅烧后,混晶结构中锐钛矿相质量分数约占77%,平均粒径约20 nm,可见光吸收带边红移显著,光吸收阈值由纯TiO2的380 nm红移至430 nm左右,抗菌性能好,在荧光灯下对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径达15mm左右。     

TiO2纳米纤维的电纺制备与表征

以PVP作为络合剂与Ti（C4H9O）4反应制得前驱体,采用静电纺丝法制得PVP／TiO2纳米复合纤维后在马弗炉中煅烧,并采用SEM、TG—DTA、XRD等对纳米纤维进行了表征。结果表明：适当增加Ti（C4H9O）4浓度、增加静电电压、减小喷射速度和升高煅烧温度,电纺丝纤维直径变细;PVP／TiO2复合纤维煅烧至550℃时得到的为纯TiO2;经400℃、600℃、700％、900％煅烧后分别得到开始出现锐钛矿型的TiO2、以锐钛矿型的TiO2为主、以金红石型的TiO2为主和完全金红石晶型的TiO2纳米纤维。     

水热法制备电气石/TiO_2纳米管及光催化性能

采用溶胶–凝胶法和水热法相结合制备了直径为18.8nm,管径为4.7nm,管长数百纳米的锐钛矿型电气石/TiO2纳米管。研究了水热反应时间、煅烧温度和电气石的添加量对制备样品的相结构和形貌的影响,同时以甲基橙为目标降解物考察了电气石/TiO2纳米管的光催化性能。结果表明:水热处理后,经500℃煅烧可得到一维结构优良的锐钛矿型电气石/TiO2纳米管,并且电气石与TiO2以Ti―O―Si键结合,由于电气石具有永久电极性,与TiO2的协同作用可以有效提高纳米TiO2的光催化性能。当电气石含量为0.5%(质量分数),500℃下煅烧的样品,光照1h可达到最优降解率98.5%,比未经水热处理的纯纳米TiO2颗粒和经水热处理的纯纳米TiO2管分别提高了约44.9%和33.7%。     

纳米Ce/TiO2无机抗菌剂的制备及其性能评价

以纳米锐钛矿型TiO2粉体和硝酸铈为原料,采用浸渍法制备了纳米Ce/TiO2无机抗菌剂,运用抑菌圈法对其抗菌性能进行了评价,并对其抗菌机理进行了探讨. 结果表明,制备得到的纳米Ce/TiO2无机抗菌剂在黑暗中具有优异的抗菌性能,其抗菌机理为稀土元素铈离子溶出抗菌.     

化学共沉淀法制备Mg0.3Al1.4Ti1.3O5复合粉体的反应过程

以TiCl4,MgCl2,AlCl3水溶液为原料,以氨水和碳酸氢铵为沉淀剂,利用化学共沉淀法,制备出了Mg0．3Al1．4Ti1．3O5复合粉体。对前驱体煅烧过程的热力学、动力学进行了研究,确定了合成Mg0．3Al1．4Ti1．3O5复合粉体的反应过程。结果表明：随着热处理温度的升高,前驱体中首先出现MgO和锐钛矿型TiO2反应得到的二钛酸镁(MgTi2O5),锐钛矿型TiO2,在650℃左右转化为金红石型TiO2。900℃左右MgTi2O5与α-Al2O3反应生成镁铝尖晶石MgAl2O4。温度超过1100℃,MgAl2O4进一步与α-Al2O3,金红石型TiO2反应,合成Mg0．3Al1．4Ti1．3O5复合粉体。     

纳米TiO2添加剂对Al2O3陶瓷微观结构与烧结性能的影响

用微米级和纳米级两种不同的TiO2作为烧结助剂,研究其对Al2O3陶瓷微观结构和烧结性能的影响.结果表明:纳米TiO2能更好的提高Al2O3陶瓷的烧结活性,降低烧结温度.当TiO2含量为2%时,在1 580℃烧结试样的显气孔率为0.54%;在1 650℃烧结试样的显气孔率为0.16%.纳米TiO2的加入改变了Al2O3陶瓷的微观结构,更有利于Al2O3陶瓷的烧结.     

离子吸附法制备载银Al_2O_3抗菌剂的研究

以Al2O3为载体,采用离子吸附法制备了载银Al2O3抗菌剂,研究了其制备工艺如银离子掺量、反应温度、煅烧温度等对抗菌性能的影响,找出了最佳制备方法,并利用XRD结合离子溶出浓度的测试分析了其高温抗菌性能的变化。实验结果表明,采用离子吸附法制备的载银Al2O3抗菌剂具有优异的抗菌性能,其最佳制备工艺是银离子掺量为6%,搅拌时间为6h,煅烧温度为1000℃,其抑菌圈的宽度可以达到3.5mm。     

ZnO异质复合对纳米TiO2晶型转变和晶粒生长的影响

以TiCl4,ZnSO4溶液为原料,采用液相沉淀法制备了不同ZnO/TiO2摩尔比的纳米复合粉体.对合成的纳米复合晶的相变、晶粒生长过程以及紫外-可见光吸收性能进行了研究.结果表明:纳米TiO2经ZnO复合后,其晶型转变和晶粒生长均受到抑制.当ZnO为30%(摩尔分数)时,且采用氨水滴入TiCl4和ZnSO4溶液中的沉淀方式制备的ZnO/TiO2纳米复合晶的晶型转变和晶粒生长最缓慢.紫外-可见光吸收测试表明:800℃煅烧的ZnO/TiO2复合粉体的吸收强度比纯TiO2的高;900～1 050℃煅烧的复合粉体,虽然紫外区的吸收强度有所下降,但其光吸收带边比纯TiO2纳米晶的有显著红移.     

纳米ZnO-TiO2复合粉体的制备及抗菌性能的研究

目的:制备纳米级的ZnO-TiO2复合粉体,研究纳米ZnO-TiO2与单用纳米TiO2和纳米ZnO两种抗菌剂的抗菌能力。方法:本实验以ZnCl2和TiCl4为原料制备纳米级的ZnO-TiO2复合粉体,再选择了大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为代表菌株,采用了纸片扩散法,对纳米ZnO-TiO2复合粉体抗菌剂进行了抗菌性研究,并与单用纳米TiO2和纳米ZnO两种抗菌剂抗菌性能进行比较。结果表明:纳米ZnO-TiO2复合粉体抗菌剂对代表菌株表现出比单用纳米ZnO或TiO2抗菌剂有更好的抗菌能力。在此基础上对相关抗菌剂的抗菌机理进行了分析讨论。     

电气石对纳米二氧化钛结构及光催化性能的影响

以电气石粉为载体,TiCl4为前驱体,采用水解沉淀法在电气石表面负载纳米TiO2,制备纳米TiO2/电气石复合材料。通过X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪及光电子能谱仪对样品进行表征,以甲醛为目标降解物,考察电气石对纳米TiO2光催化性能的影响。结果表明:纳米TiO2负载在电气石表面后,其结构和性能发生了明显变化。经550℃煅烧,锐钛矿型的纳米TiO2晶粒由15.6nm降为9.3nm。TiO2/电气石复合材料中的O1s、Ti2p1/2和Ti2p3/2结合能比纯TiO2分别提高了1.35eV、1.32eV和1.27eV,而O1s和Si2p的结合能比电气石中分别降低了1.80eV和0.13eV。TiO2和TiO2/电气石复合材料在紫外灯下照射300min,甲醛去除率分别为73.3%和91.6%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。