Optimization of the spinning solution preparation process in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride fibre

Conclusions The effect of spinning solution preparation parameters on the fibre preparation process and on the properties of polyvinyl chloride fibre have been studied using the experiment planning method.It has been found that the concentration and holding time of the spinning solution exert the greatest effect on the process of washing the fibre free of dimethylformamide.An optimization of the parameters of preparing a solution for polyvinyl chloride fibre production under manufacturing conditions has been carried out.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 1, pp. 24–25, January–February, 1988.     

The problem of orientation strenghthening of polycaproamide fibres

It is shown that the absolute strength of PCA fibre at 291 K is almost independent of the preliminary draw ratio and the relative strength increases proportionally to the total draw ratio attained in orientation drawing and subsequent stretching at a constant rate. The values of the breaking load and total draw ratio of the oriented fibre can be lower than for the unoriented fibre. The data obtained suggest the existence of temperature-force conditions that allow significantly increasing the orientation draw ratio of PCA fibres.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 20–21, September–October, 2004.     

Preparation of fibres from graft copolymers of acrylonitrile and polyvinyl alcohol

Conclusions The possibility of spinning fibres from graft copolymers of polyvinyl alcohol and acryonitrile by the scheme for spinning polyacrylonitrile fibre has been established.It has been shown that spinning solutions can be prepared directly from latexes of the graft copolymers.The suggestion has been made that long side chains in the copolymers participate in formation of supermolecular structural elements and aid in obtaining fibres with adequately high mechanical strength and an increased thermal stability.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 1, pp. 13–15, January–February, 1988.     

Effect of orientation stretch and of jet stretch on properties of viscose fibre spun into a bicomponent precipitation bath

Conclusions The effect of orientation stretch and of jet stretch on the technological process of preparing viscose fibre from viscoses containing added urea has been studied in spinning into a bicomponent precipitation bath containing sulfuric acid and sodium sulfate.It has been shown that increasing the air stretch to 30–40% while reducing the sulfuric acid content of the precipitation bath to 80–100 g/liter and reducing the jet stretch 8 to 20% helps to improve the properties of viscose fibre.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 47–48, July–August, 1989.     

Chemical changes in polyvinyl fluoride during the process of fibre-spinning

Conclusions The change in some properties of polyvinyl fluoride during the process of fibre spinning has been investigated.It has been found that during the process of converting PVF powder into fibre, the degree of polymer crystallinity plus its resistance to thermal and thermooxidative degradation is increased; depending on the spinning regime, the densities and physicomechanical properties of PVF fibres are different.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 34–35, July–August, 1984.     

Fabrication of Carbon Fibre Materials Made from Polyvinyl Alcohol Fibre Impregnated with Phosphorus Compounds

It was shown that organic phosphorus-nitrogen compounds — aminotrismethylenephosphonic acid ammonium salt, ammonium polyphosphate, ammonium hydrogen orthophosphate — are effective pyrolytic additives to polyvinyl alcohol that cause formation of a three-dimensional polymer and a high yield of carbonized fibre. The effect of swelling in the polymer composites investigated is revealed. The inactivated carbon fibre material obtained has high sorption capacity for I₂.     

Sorbent fibers which are selective to platinum group metals and gold

Conclusions A method has been developed for preparing selective sorbents based on polyvinyl alcohol fibers by a diene synthesis reaction with 3(5)-methylpyrazole, and their properties have been evaluated.It has been shown that PVA-MP sorbent has a high selectivity toward metals of the platinum group and gold, and can be used in the analysis of industrial sulfate and formate solutions.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 1, pp. 44–45, January–February, 1985.     

A set of textile auxiliaries for finishing Lanom fibre

Conclusions The effect of TA on the physico-chemical properties of aqueous solutions has been investigated, as well as the electrophysical and frictional properties of Lanom fibre.It has been shown that the preparations Stearox 6 and composition 2 are effective for finishing Lanom fibre at a content of 0.3–0.6% on the fibre surface.Treatment with these TA assures the needed physico-mechanical and electrophysical properties, reduces the coefficient of friction by 17–26% as compared with that of the untreated fibre, and improves the ability of Lanom fibre to be processed.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 6, pp. 42–43, November–December, 1986.     

Characteristics of radical graft polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate to polyvinyl alcohol fibre on the boundary of the solid and liquid phases

In studying the characteristics of graft polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) on the boundary of the solid (polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibre) and liquid phases, it was shown that the concentration order of the reaction rate in the monomer and H₂O₂ was similar to the order for classic radical polymerization processes. The specific effect of the thermodynamics on the kinetics of the process was established in a relatively narrow temperature region (50–80°C), manifested by significantly different activation energies.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 51–54, September–October, 1995.     

Effect of a glow discharge on the formation of a surface layer on polycaproamide fibres in the presence of an organophosphorus compound

Conclusions The interaction of a glow discharge with polycaproamide fibres which have been impregnated with an involatile, unreactive liquid has been investigated.It has been shown that plasmochemical treatment of the impregnated fibres leads to immobilization of the impregnating agent.It has been established for the first time that on contact of a glow discharge plasma with an impregnated material, migration processes of the impregnating preparation take place both along the surface of the fibre and also in its volume. The intensity and ratio of these processes are determined by the discharge conditions.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 2, pp. 38–40, March–April, 1990.     

Effect of heat-treatments and elevated humidity on the electrical conductivity of metallized nitron fibre

Conclusions The effect of drying conditions and heat-setting conditions on the electrical resistance of various specimens of metallized Nitron fibre has been investigated. It has been shown that, to prevent intensive oxidation of the metallic coating, it is necessary to carry out drying of the fibre under a dynamic regime at 120–140°C, with forced removal of the evaporated moisture.It has been found that subsequent heat-setting of the fibre is favorably reflected in the stability of its electrophysical properties under conditions of elevated humidity.Fibres which have been coated with an additional layer of galvanic nickel have the most stable electrophysical properties, which permits one to recommend them for practical use.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 6, pp. 12–14, November–December, 1987.     

Effect of aqueous treatment on the relaxation properties of fibres based on an aromatic polyamide

Conclusions The effect of water treatment on the relaxation properties of heat-treated fibre based on poly-p-phenylenebenzimidazole (PABI) has been studied by the dynamic mechanical loss method.It has been shown that water treatment leads to a disordering of the highly-oriented state of PABI fibre.The suggestion has been made that the amorphous polymer structure is heterogeneous.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 2, pp. 33–34, March–April, 1988.     

Tensometric study of the formation of viscose fibre

Conclusions 1. The authors study how thread stress and the degree of shrinkage change with the orientation stretch ratio during forming of viscose fibre.2. It has been found that at specific stretch ratios the fibre structure undergoes changes which affect its visco-elastic properties. The critical ratios approximately correspond to the orientation stretch ratio of textile viscose fibre.3. An explanation is given for these effects of oriented break-up of the primary gel structure.All-Union Synthetic Fibre Research Institute (VNIIV). Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 30–32, May–June, 1969.     

Effect of technological spinning transitions on the properties of nickel-containing nitron fibre

Conclusions The effect of technological spinning transitions on the properties of an electrically-conducting metallized Nitron fibre has been investigated.It has been shown that in mechanical crimping the mechanical and electrically-conducting properties of a nickel-containing fibre are considerably impaired. During the spinning process, a considerable leveling out of the nickel content of the fibre and of its electrical resistance takes place.Processing of the nickel-containing fibre should be carried out with elimination of the mechanical crimping process. Thereupon the change in fibre properties takes place mainly during the process of preparing the combed lap.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 39–40, September–October, 1985.     

Change in mechanical properties and structure of triacetate yarns under the action of vapors from active media

Conclusions The effect of vapors from solvents, such as acetone and ethyl alcohol, on the structure and properties of triacetate yarn has been investigated.Optimum conditions have been determined for the treatment of triacetate yarns with solvent vapors, with the objective of improving their physicomechanical characteristics.It has been found that orientation processes take place in triacetate fibres and yarns under the influence of vapors from certain organic solvents.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 38–39, September–October, 1989.     

Influence of thermal fixation on the photochemical transformation of triacetate fibres

Conclusions It has been shown that the thermal fixation of the fibre with hot air at 195°C leads to the optimum results. Under these conditions the highest light-fastness of the triacetate fibre is achieved, the tensile strength and elongation at break do not decrease so markedly, and practically no chemical changes take place.Kaunas Polytechnic Institute. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, 37–39, May–June, 1969.     

Effect of additives on dispersability of pigments and filterability of color dispersions in polypropylene

Conclusions A selective effect of additives on the filterability of pigment dispersions in polypropylene oil and on the intensity of polypropylene fibre coloration has been shown.The role of additives in dispersing pigments in polypropylene is displayed in surface activity at the pigment-polymer interface, and also in a change in the rheological properties (filterability) of the dispersions.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 6, pp. 45–46, November–December, 1989.     

Strengthening of polypropylene fibre

Conclusions It has been shown that elongation of polypropylene fibre at a temperature above the melting point of the unoriented polymer is accompanied not only by an increase in structure orientation, but also by formation of a denser structure, which ensures a high fibre strength.All-Union Scientific Research Institute for Synthetic Fibres (VNIIV). Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 12–13, September–October, 1969.     

Change in the thermomechanical properties of yarns based on polyphenylene-1,3,4-oxadiazole as a result of heat-stretching

Conclusions An effect of additional heat-stretching on the relaxation properties of fibre based on polyphenylene-1,3,4-oxadiazole has been shown.It has been found that heat stretching leads to an expansion in the region of polymer processability, and depletes the relaxation spectrum.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 29–30, May–June, 1985.     

Reaction of nitron fibre with nickel during the chemical metallization process

Conclusions The structure and properties of metallized Nitron fibre have been studied by the methods of measuring electrical conductivity, polymer extraction, sorption of water vapor, IR spectroscopy, and thermomechanical investigation.It has been shown that metallization causes a significant change in the electrophysical, sorptive, and thermomechanical properties of Nitron fibre.The suggestion has been made that the change in the set of properties of Nitron fibre upon metallization is caused by interactions of various types between the polymer and the metal.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 24–26, September–October, 1987.