浓缩洗衣液表面活性剂复配选择

浓缩化是液体洗涤剂的重要发展方向之一,通过对阴离子表面活性剂:常用的LAS(十二烷基苯磺酸钠)、AES(脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸酯钠)、SNS-80(改性油脂乙氧基化物磺酸盐)和来源于天然的绿色表面活性剂MES(脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠)、650EC(烷基糖苷)、S-12(月桂酰肌氨酸钠),以及非离子表面活性剂AEO-9和改善凝胶性能的表面活性剂FMEE(脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物)、SOE-N-60(改性油脂乙氧基化物)、TO-8(异构十三醇聚氧乙烯醚)等的去污、泡沫、凝胶等性能进行测试,在不采用增溶剂(例如丙二醇、甘油、二甲苯磺酸钠等,节约成本)情况下,通过复配的方式筛选出适合用于浓缩洗衣液的性价比高的原料及复配组合。     

改性油脂乙氧基化物及其复配体系的性能研究

对改性油脂乙氧基化物(SOE)的水溶性、低温流动性、去污力、泡沫和乳化力等性能进行研究,以SOE/LAS/AES三元复配体系为基础,研究其凝胶相区,考察配方体系的稳定性、去污力和泡沫等性能。结果表明,改性油脂乙氧基化物可与水任意比例互溶,凝点低于-10℃,去污力与AEO9相当,具有较强的乳化力,泡沫低,适用于高浓缩洗涤剂配方;SOE/LAS/AES三元复配体系的凝胶范围窄,泡沫低,其去污力和稳定性满足行业标准对浓缩型洗涤剂的要求。     

改性油脂乙氧基化物为基础的浓缩液体洗涤剂

研究了改性油脂乙氧基化物(SOE-N-60)的泡沫、去污等性能,以SOE-N-60为主要表面活性剂,以常用的AES、LAS、AEO_9、AEO_7、APG0810为复配表面活性剂,研究了复配表面活性剂的比例、用量等对产品储存稳定性的影响,得到了多个有效含量60%的浓缩液体洗涤剂配方,并选取了4个稳定的配方进行了泡沫、去污性能考察。结果表明,改性油脂乙氧基化物在5 min时的泡沫体积只有30 mL,具有较低的泡沫性能,对皮脂污布的去污性能稍弱(去污指数0.89),60%的浓缩液洗配方中,SOE-N-60含量增大,配方的低温流动性变好,浓缩液洗配方的泡沫性能明显低于标准洗衣液,去污指数>1,满足行业标准的要求。     

改性油脂乙氧基化物为基础的浓缩液体洗涤剂

研究了改性油脂乙氧基化物(SOE-N-60)的泡沫、去污等性能,以SOE-N-60为主要表面活性剂,以常用的AES、LAS、AEO_9、AEO_7、APG0810为复配表面活性剂,研究了复配表面活性剂的比例、用量等对产品储存稳定性的影响,得到了多个有效含量60%的浓缩液体洗涤剂配方,并选取了4个稳定的配方进行了泡沫、去污性能考察。结果表明,改性油脂乙氧基化物在5 min时的泡沫体积只有30 mL,具有较低的泡沫性能,对皮脂污布的去污性能稍弱(去污指数0.89),60%的浓缩液洗配方中,SOE-N-60含量增大,配方的低温流动性变好,浓缩液洗配方的泡沫性能明显低于标准洗衣液,去污指数1,满足行业标准的要求。     

脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物的应用性能研究

对脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物的各种应用性能(包括去污性能、泡沫性能、润湿性能、凝胶化浓度以及在洗衣粉和液体洗涤剂中的配伍性)进行了测试。针对这些性能测试结果,对脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物应用于洗衣粉和液体洗涤剂中的可行性进行了研究。     

改性油脂乙氧基化物磺酸盐的性能测试及其在机洗餐具用洗涤剂中的应用

改性油脂乙氧基化物磺酸盐(SNS-80)是一种以植物油脂为原料得到的绿色环保的阴离子型表面活性剂,安全无刺激,可广泛应用于各类洗涤剂产品中.分别采用旋转黏度计、Ross-Miles泡沫仪、帆布沉降法、振荡法和改进的酸滴定法测试了SNS-80的黏度、发泡稳泡性能、润湿、乳化和钙皂分散力,并测试了SNS-80在室温和(95...     

改性油脂乙氧基化物的制备及性能研究

通过甲醇酯交换对棕榈油和棕榈仁油进行改性,制备改性油脂,并对其甘油含量和羟值进行测定,考察温度、催化剂用量和投料比对反应的影响。结果表明,70℃时,产物羟值最大,甲醇的反应量最大。选择最佳反应温度为70℃,选择反应催化剂用量为1‰。合成一系列改性油脂乙氧基化物,并对其氧乙烯含量和应用性能进行测定,氧乙烯含量基本达到60%。改性棕榈仁油乙氧基化物的润湿性能和乳化性能均优于改性棕榈油乙氧基化物,且该系列产品的大豆油乳化力均优于石蜡乳化力。改性棕榈仁油乙氧基化物的泡沫稍高于改性棕榈油乙氧基化物,两者的去污性能差别不大,性能良好。     

表面活性剂在家用洗涤剂中的应用进展

论述了表面活性剂在家用洗涤剂中的应用现状和发展趋势,分析了直链烷基苯磺酸钠、α-烯基磺酸钠、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠、脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物、烷基糖苷等几种重要的表面活性剂的应用和市场情况,阐明了脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠有望成为新一代有影响力的阴离子表面活性剂。指出家用洗涤剂的发展趋势将是功能化、浓缩化和液体化,表面活性剂将向油脂基和特种表面活性剂发展,其安全性也将倍受关注。建议加强油脂化学工业建设,为油脂基表面活性剂的发展打下坚实基础。     

世界表面活性剂市场经受压力

洗涤剂原料供应厂商最近度日艰难,一方面,它们的原料费用居高不下,另一方面,它们的用户乱砍价格。更重要的是,由于发展中国家处于经济衰退中,表面活性剂销售量已开始下降。直链烷基苯(LAB)和直链烷基过氧化物仍然是最重要的洗涤剂原料。LAB市场相当稳定,但是在今后几年内乙氧基化物的一些主要市场将发生重大变化,变化的诱因一是超浓缩粉状洗涤剂的投放市场,更重要的是乙氧基化     

改性油脂乙氧基化物与平平加二元复配体系的性能研究

通过水溶性、凝固点、润湿、乳化、去污及泡沫性能的测试,研究了非离子表面活性剂改性油脂乙氧基化物(SOE-N-60)与平平加O-20、平平加O-25的二元复配体系的性能。结果表明,25 ℃时,对于总质量分数为70%的SOE-N-60与平平加二元复配产品,SOE-N-60与平平加O-25的质量比大于5∶5时;SOE-N-60与平平加O-20的质量比大于4∶6时;均能形成均一透明的体系,且产品的凝固点均低于10 ℃;SOE-N-60与平平加O-20及平平加O-25的二元复配体系的去污性能以及对液体石蜡的乳化性能均表现出一定的协同增效作用;复配体系的泡沫略高于单一SOE-N-60。此类复配产品有望用于低温低泡浓缩液体洗涤剂配方中。     

底座连接口特征参数对显示器后壳注塑质量的影响分析

在Moldflow分析软件的基础上,对显示器后壳进行仿真研究,以翘曲变形量为质量指标,结合控制变量法进行单因素变动实验,保持注射工艺参数不变,研究显示器后壳底座连接口对制品翘曲变形的影响.对数据进行图表分析,结果表明显示器后壳尺寸定位68.58 cm(27英寸)时,底座连接口选用圆形,连接口位置距离底边26 mm,尺寸...     

The role of the symmetry and the flexibility of the anion on the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ionic liquids☆

The transport properties of ionic liquids (ILs) are crucial properties in view of their applications in electrochem-ical devices. One of the most important advantages of ILs is that their chemical–physical properties and conse-quently their bulk performances can be well tuned by optimizing the chemical structures of their ions. This will require elucidating the structural features of the ions that fundamentally determine the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs. Here we showed for the first time that the“rigidity”, the order, and the compactness of the three-dimensional ionic networks generated by the anions and the cation head groups determine the formation and the sizes of the nanostructures in the apolar domains of ILs. We also found that the properties of ionic networks are governed by the conformational flexibility and the symmetry of the anion and/or the cation head group. The thermal stability of the nanostructures of ILs was shown to be con-trolled by the sensitivity of the conformational equilibrium of the anion to the change of temperature. We showed that the viscosity of ILs is strongly related to the symmetry and the flexibility of the constitute ions rather than to the size of the nanostructures of ILs. Therefore, the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs, especially the thermal stability of the nanostructures, can be fine-tuned by tailoring the symmetry and the conformational flexibility of the anion.     

浅谈设备的性能与操作对胎面压出质量的影响

简要介绍了胎面压出的工作原理及工艺过程，对设备的配置及操作对胎面压出质量的影响进行了分析，并对压出过程中常见的质量缺陷、造成的原因以及解决措施提出了自己的见解。     

Investigation of the effects of fatty acids on the compressive strength of the concrete and the grindability of the cement

In cement industry, a great energy consumption has been observed during grinding of clinker. To reduce this consumption, some waste products have been used as grinding aids.In this investigation, the effects of sunflower oil (SO), oleic acid (OA), stearic acid (SA), myristic acid (MA) and lauric acid (LA) on the fineness and strength of the cement have been examined. These aids were added into clinker in certain ratios based on the cement clinker weight and the grinding has been done for a definite time at the same condition.All of the fatty acids used increased the fineness as compared with the cement without the grinding additives. SO and OA decreased the strength significantly, LA decreased it to a lesser extent and SA increased it definitely according to the common cement. But MA did not alter the strength of the cement as much as SA. In addition, the covering of the balls influences the grinding of cement clinker unfavourably.     

煤粉流动性对GSP气化炉气力输送的影响研究

针对GSP气化装置煤粉气力输送在试车阶段出现的煤粉锁斗下料不畅、发料罐输送性能不佳等问题,从原料煤性质和工业装置的改进方面出发,通过煤粉的流动性参数的测量与研究,分析出现上述工程问题可能的内在原因,并提出工业装置改进方法,为保证GSP煤粉气力输送工业装置的正常运行提供解决办法。     

关于建立火炸药安全数据库的探讨

由反映火炸药及其制品的危险性能和用于对它们的生产、储运系统进行安全评价数学模型出发,探讨了如何建立一个全面、实用的火炸药安全评估数据库。通过对此数据库内容、数据表示方法、数据搜索方法以及建立步骤的讨论,明确了该数据库的使用对象和主要功能。     

The effect of the length of the oxyethylene chain on the conductivity of the polyurethaneurea electrolyte

Polyurethaneureas (PUU), which were synthesized from 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and 3,5-diaminobanzoic acid (DABA), were used as polyelectrolytes in this study. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to monitor the effect of the various kinds of PEG on the changes in morphology of PUU electrolytes corresponding to the concentration of lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄) dopants. The results of DSC and FT-IR indicate the Li⁺ ions coordinate with the soft and hard segments. Additionally, the crystallinity of the PEG soft segment and the ordered hydrogen-bonded urea carbonyl groups decreased with increasing salt concentration. Impedance spectroscopy (IS) measurements show that the PUU electrolyte with the high phase separation degree has the high ionic conductivity. The hard-segment T_g and the soft-segment T_m influence the conductivity behavior of polyelectrolytes with increasing measurement temperature.     

Effect of the drafting force on the strength of the bottom of the spinneret

In spinning basalt fibres, the drafting force is in the same range as in spinning of glass fibres. The effect of the drafting force can not be considered in the calculation for the strength and rigidity of the bottom of the spinneret. __________ Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 47–50, September–October, 2007.