方柱绕流中聚乙烯熔体流变行为的数值模拟

采用了DCPP和S-MDCPP两种模型分别描述低密度聚乙烯熔体的本构行为。在迭代分步算法中引入了改进的有限增量微积分(FIC)法,并采用离散的弹性黏性应力分裂技术(DEVSS)/迎风流线(SU)法解决黏弹性流动分析中的对流占优问题。讨论了S-MDCPP模型预测的速度、压力及主链拉伸分布随Weissenberg(Wi)数的变化。结果表明,两种模型预测的速度、主应力差等色条纹和主链拉伸分布吻合较好;随Wi的增大,速度及压力均增大。     

基于Giesekus黏弹性本构的注射成型数值算法研究

针对熔体的黏弹性特征,考虑熔体流动过程中的惯性作用,基于Giesekus模型建立了注射成型中熔体流动的黏弹性理论模型。将黏弹性本构方程整合为含瞬态项、对流项和源项的偏微分方程,基于有限体积法离散,提出了黏弹性本构方程的离散方法。借鉴有限元框架下的黏弹性离散分裂算法（DEVSS）,发展了以有限体积法为基础的黏弹性离散分裂算法（FVM-DEVSS）,开发了三维黏弹性流动的计算程序。用经典充分发展的4∶1收缩流验证方法的有效性,再结合充模流动实验,正确预测了熔体流动前沿、浇口压力及熔接线位置,通过光弹实验结果再次证明了本文方法的有效性。结果表明,本研究所发展的黏弹性算法可以有效表达熔体的黏性和弹性对流动压力的影响,而且能准确预测两股熔体相遇时熔接线的位置及形成过程。此外,本文黏弹性算法有效准确地计算了熔体充模过程中的流动诱导应力。     

振动力场下聚合物熔体流变行为的响应与分析 Ⅱ．毛细管挤出胀大比和第一法向应力差

在自行设计的恒速型毛细管动态流变装置上，对聚合物熔体进行动态挤出实验。实时采集毛细管的挤出胀大值，借助已建立的振动力场下聚合物熔体弹性行为的表征公式，计算振动力场下聚合物熔体在毛细管壁处的第一法向应力差。通过对比分析有无振动场下以及不同振动强度下聚合物熔体的流变性能，找到聚合物熔体弹性行为对振动力场的响应规律。     

冷态模型系统糖浆溶液模拟PET熔体可行性分析

利用旋转流变仪和毛细管流变仪研究了聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)和糖浆溶液的流变行为及黏弹行为,通过对PET熔体和糖浆溶液在线性粘弹区、本构方程、维森伯格(Wi)数及挤出胀大等方面的分析,研究了冷态模型系统中模拟介质糖浆溶液模拟PET熔体的可行性。结果表明:PET的线性粘弹区和糖浆溶液相似,且应力临界值(τc)大于等于1 000 Pa;通过调节糖浆溶液的含水量使之与某一温度下的PET熔体在一定剪切速率范围内具备大概一致的流动曲线,在牛顿流体拟合和Cross拟合范围上,两者具有高度相似性;在储能模量、损耗模量、Wi数及挤出胀大比等方面,PET熔体和经过调节的糖浆溶液具有一定的规律相似性;可通过除去水分、添加一定量的聚丙烯酰胺使糖浆溶液的黏度和弹性在一定的剪切速率范围内与PET熔体具备一致或者相似的变化规律;证实了糖浆溶液作为冷态模型系统模拟介质的可行性。     

长支链型高熔体强度聚丙烯流变性能的研究——剪切流变

通过辐照法制备了长支链型高熔体强度聚丙烯（LCB-HMSPP），采用高级流变扩展系统（ARES）表征了其熔体黏弹性，采用毛细管流变仪研究了其在高剪切速率下的流变行为。讨论了敏化剂用量、超高相对分子质量聚乙烯（PE-UHMW）对PP熔体黏弹性、流动曲线和黏流活化能的影响。动态剪切流变数据表明，辐照改性制备的LCBHMSPP具有较好的熔体黏弹性，并且其熔体弹性随敏化剂用量的增加而增强，表现在低频端剪切储能模量明显提高，内耗正切变小，零切黏度增大，特征松弛时间变长；辐照过程中添加极少量PE-UHMW也可提高PP的熔体黏弹性。静态毛细管剪切流变测试表明，线形PP和长支链PP的流动曲线较相似，LCB-HMSPP的黏流活化能较线形PP有显著提高，其剪切黏度具有较高的温度敏感性。     

不同类型茂金属聚乙烯的流变行为

分别对用于吹塑膜和流延膜的2种进口茂金属聚乙烯(mPE)的熔体拉伸行为、动态流变行为和熔体弹性进行了研究,同时研究了其动态流变行为与相对分子质量及相对分子质量分布的关系,采用毛细管流变仪测试的挤出胀大比以及可回复剪切能表征样品的熔体弹性。结果表明,吹塑膜mPE的熔体强度高于流延膜mPE的;储能模量与损耗模量交点位置可以用来对其相对分子质量及相对分子质量分布进行定性分析。     

气辅挤出口模中滑移段长度对挤出胀大比的影响研究

采用壁面滑移方程和Thompson变换,对黏弹性高分子熔体在不同气体辅助挤出口模内的流动进行了数值模拟研究.考察了剪切速率、松弛时间和滑移段长度对挤出物挤出胀大比的影响.研究表明:随着剪切速率和松弛时间的增大,挤出胀大比增大;同时发现当剪切速率或松弛时间增大到某一数值时,挤出物出现先收缩后胀大现象,并伴有熔体破裂现象.模拟还表明:延长气辅挤出口模中滑移段的长度可以避免挤出物发生熔体破裂,并可有效降低挤出胀大比.     

塑料熔体三维流动的数值模拟

塑料熔体是具有记忆性的非线性黏弹性流体，为了准确分析板材挤出模具中熔体的流动，采用了积分型本构方程描述熔体的流变行为，同时给出熔体在狭缝流道中的控制方程。根据控制方程的特殊性，提出了把有限元半解析法应用于求解黏弹性流体流动问题这一思想，从而建立了有限单元体法，同时给出求解非线性有限元方程组的迭代方法，并采用以上方法对熔体在狭缝流道中的流动进行求解分析，将结果与三维有限元解法的结果相比较，证明结果是精确的，表明采用上述方法模拟熔体在狭缝中的流动是简便可行的。     

混炼胶长口型挤出胀大比的预测

研究了聚合物熔体于长口型挤出过程中的流变行为，提出了描述挤出胀大比与可回复切应变之间关系的数学模型：Ｂ＝（１＋ＳＲ＾２）＾０．２５。用此方程预测了混炼胶挤出膨胀行为，表明Ｂ的计算值与实测值为接近，二者之间相对误差的绝对值小于４％。     

超声振动对PS熔体流变及黏弹行为的影响

采用Bagley入口校正等理论计算方法与实验结果相结合，讨论了超声振动对PS熔体流变及黏弹行为的影响。在口模入口处施加超声振动，降低了聚合物熔体的非牛顿性，改变其黏弹行为，使其在毛细管口模中流动时弹性形变及储能减小，形变松弛加快，黏度降低，从而使挤出加工中流动阻力变小，挤出效率得到提高。     

Transient modeling of viscosity

Capillary and parallel plate rheological characterization was conducted for a low‐density polyethylene. In contrast with conventional rheological analysis, steady conditions were not assumed. Transient data, with time steps between 0.0001 and 0.2 s, were analyzed with a nonlinear, viscoelastic constitutive model in which the relaxation time was modeled as a function of the applied stress. The fit model explained more than 99% of the observed transient variation in the capillary and parallel plate rheometers. The model coefficients for the capillary and parallel plate were compared directly to conventional linear viscoelastic analysis of the same parallel plate data. The results indicate that the described constitutive model closely predicts the observed viscoelastic behavior of the polymer melt tested in the parallel plate rheometer. Furthermore, the results indicate that the relaxation spectrum modeled with the transient analysis of the capillary rheological data correlate closely to the results predicted by the same transient analysis of parallel plate rheological data. The conclusion is that described constitutive modeling describes the viscoelastic behavior in both capillary and parallel plate rheometers. Moreover, the analysis and results suggest that the viscoelastic behavior of the polymer melt is a significant factor during the rheological characterization and the modeling of the transient response should be taken into consideration during rheological analysis to provide high fidelity models. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 57:1110–1118, 2017. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers     

System identification and modeling of viscoelastic behavior from capillary melt rheological data

An investigation was conducted to identify and characterize the relaxation spectrum of polymer melts from transient capillary rheological data. System identification techniques using an iterative prediction‐error minimization (PEM) method were applied to isolate the viscoelastic melt response from the apparatus dynamics. Parameters for linear time invariant (LTI) models of varying complexity were estimated using capillary rheology data across a range of temperatures and shear rates using the principle of time‐temperature superposition. Melt capillary rheology data for polystyrene was found to exhibit viscoleastic behavior. Subsequently, three viscoelastic constitutive models were then implemented and their model coefficients directly fit using optimization techniques. The implemented methods provided useful relaxation behavior from melt capillary rheology data while also explaining much of the residual error in the purely viscous response as traditionally fit to the Cross‐WLF model. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:2824–2838, 2014. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

PE-LD棚膜专用树脂的流变性能研究

选取了几种典型的低密度聚乙烯（PE-LD）棚膜专用树脂,综合转矩流变仪、毛细管流变仪、熔体拉伸流变仪、旋转流变仪等多种流变测量技术研究了其剪切和拉伸流变性能。结果表明,2100和1810D树脂的支化程度更高,加工负荷低,熔体剪切敏感性更高,树脂的加工性能更好;同时,2100树脂的熔体强度更高,应变硬化效应明显,有利于膜泡稳定性;动态流变试验结果显示,长松弛时间分子链提供了熔体强度与应变硬化,宽分布松弛谱赋予了树脂的良好加工性能,2100与1810D树脂的综合性能更佳。     

茂金属聚乙烯蜡对PE共混体系流变行为的影响

用毛细管流变仪研究了茂金属聚乙烯蜡改性聚乙烯共混体系的流变行为，探讨了茂金属聚乙烯蜡用量对共混体系熔体流变行为、熔体黏度、非牛顿指数和流动活化能的影响。结果表明：茂金属聚乙烯蜡对LLDPE／LDPE流动黏度降低明显，增加用量可使黏度逐渐降低；而对MPE／LLDPE／LDPE共混体系流动行为的影响比较复杂，在低剪切应力下黏度随茂金属聚乙烯蜡用量增加而逐渐降低，而在高剪切应力下黏度先增后减；茂金属聚乙烯蜡与MPE／LLDPE／LPDPE的相容性好于LLDPE／LDPE共混体系。     

Finite element modeling of the flow of a rubber compound through an axisymmetric die using the CEF viscoelastic constitutive equation

This work is devoted to the simulation of the flow of a high viscosity NR/SBR rubber compound through the die of a single screw extruder with axisymmetric geometry. An in-house developed computer code based on the use of continuous penalty finite element method was employed. Three constitutive equations including two generalized Newtonian models namely; power-law and Carreau and an explicit viscoelastic model named CEF (Criminale-Ericksen-Fillbey) were used to reflect the rheological behavior of the material. Using the parameters of the rheological models determined by a slit die rheometry technique, the flow of the compound was simulated through the die and results were compared with experimentally measured mass flow rates. It is shown that for high viscosity rubber compounds the use of generalized Newtonian models which do not take the normal stress in simple shear flow into consideration gives rise to significant errors in prediction of mass flow rates. On the other hand, comparing the simulations results using the CEF equation with experimental data revealed that this model is the best compromise between generalized Newtonian and full viscoelastic models which need high computational costs and effort. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Experimental investigation of the influence of molecular weight distribution on the rheological properties of polypropylene melts

An experimental study of steady shear and elongational flow Theological properties of a series of polypropylene melts of varying molecular weight and distribution is reported. Broadening the molecular weight distribution increases the non-Newtonian character of the shear viscosity function and increases the principal normal stress differences at fixed shear stress. The behavior is compared to earlier rheological property-molecular weight studies. Correlations are developed for these properties in terms of molecular structure. Elongational flow studies indicate that for commercial and broader molecular weight distribution samples, ready failure by neck development occurs and the elongational viscosity appears to decrease with increasing elongation rate. For narrower molecular weight distribution samples, the elongational viscosity is an increasing function of elongation rate, The implication of these experimental results to viscoelastic fluid constitutive equations and polymer melt processing is developed.     

Melt Rheological Properties of Silver-Powder-Filled Polypropylene Composites

The melt rheological properties of titanate coupling-agent-treated particulate silver powder (varying from 0 to 5.6 vol% of Ag) were investigated. The effect of filler concentration on shear stress, shear rate, melt viscosity, and melt elasticity parameters were determined by using a piston-type capillary rheometer. The study shows that the materials follow a power law in viscous behavior over the entire range of shear rates and temperatures investigated. The melt viscosity decreases with filler content up to 4.1% and increases with a further increase in filler content. Interestingly, the viscosity of the composition was lower than that of unfilled polypropylene. The melt elasticity decreases with an increase in Ag content in the composites up to 4.1%; beyond that, it increases. The effect of temperature on the viscoelastic properties of filled polypropylene was also investigated.     

高熔体强度聚丙烯/低密度聚乙烯共混体系的挤出发泡行为研究

利用熔体流动速率测试仪和转矩流变仪对不同比例的高熔体强度聚丙烯(HMSPP)/低密度聚乙烯(PELD)共混体系的流变行为进行研究,并对共混体系的流变数据进行分析.随后采用超临界CO2作为发泡剂进行了HMSPP/PE-LD共混体系的挤出发泡研究,并通过真密度计和扫描电子显微镜表征了发泡材料的表观密度和泡体结构参数.结果表...     

Non-linear viscoelastic behavior and damping factor of polypropylene/clay nanocomposites

The non-linear viscoelastic properties of pure polypropylene and its clay nanocomposites are studied to establish structure–property relationship in conjunction with clay concentrations. First, flow birefringence is performed through a slit-die to obtain centerline principal stress difference during elongational flow for clay nanocomposites. The centerline stress profile of clay nanocomposite reveals additional viscoelastic nature even at low silicate concentrations, while similar short-time chain relaxation is observed. The effects of higher clay concentrations are further examined during the simple shearing flow to consider damping properties of the clay nanocomposites. The step strain, dynamic shear and steady shear are performed. All the samples show time-strain separable melt flow behavior adequately demonstrated through Wagner’s exponential damping function. The damping coefficient is found to be strongly dependent on clay percentage revealing viscoelastic differences therein. We have also used a time-strain separable Kaye-Bernstein Kearsley Zapas (K-BKZ) type constitutive equation to predict steady shear stress. The suggested constitutive model satisfies simple shear at lower fractions of clay while the damping function behaves similar to pure polymer thought to result from the absence of filler–filler interactions and chain length degradation. The unusual rheological behavior for maximum clay concentration studied is explained on experimental as well as theoretical basis. Thus, the results of this investigation would improve the theoretical understanding of possible molecular orientations at different clay concentrations during elongational and shearing flows.