发泡工艺对超临界CO_2/PLA微孔发泡泡孔形态的影响

研究了超临界CO2/PLA微孔发泡过程中,发泡温度、饱和压力、剪切速率对聚合物PLA泡孔形态的影响。结果表明,发泡温度对泡孔形态影响很大,温度降低,熔体强度增加,泡孔塌陷和合并减少,发泡材料的泡孔密度增大,泡孔尺寸减小,但温度太低时,熔体黏度和表面张力增加,发泡样品泡孔密度较低,泡孔壁较厚;压力对发泡形态的影响也是很显著的,压力太低,CO2的溶解度小,泡孔壁厚,泡孔分布不均匀。随着压力升高,CO2的溶解度增加,发泡样品的泡孔密度增加,泡孔更加均匀;随着转子转速增加,泡孔尺寸减小,气泡成核密度增大。但是转子转速过快,泡孔沿剪切的方向被拉长,泡孔取向严重,泡体质量变差。     

动态发泡工艺参数对PS微孔塑料泡孔结构的影响

以超临界CO2为发泡剂,用振动诱导发泡模拟装置研究了微孔塑料动态成型过程中气体饱和压力、压力释放速率、温度、气体饱和时间、稳态剪切速率、振动等工艺参数对聚苯乙烯（PS）微孔塑料泡孔结构的影响。研究发现,PS微孔塑料试样的泡孔结构随着气体饱和压力和压力释放速率的提高而得到改善,而温度、气体饱和时间、稳态剪切速率则存在一个最佳的操作范围,在此范围内制得的PS微孔塑料试样泡孔密度最大,泡孔尺寸最小。在稳态剪切速率一定的情况下,通过施加振动可以进一步改善泡孔结构．     

PP/超临界CO2连续挤出发泡成型

以超临界CO2为发泡剂,在连续挤出发泡过程中研究了超临界CO2用量对高熔体强度均聚聚丙烯(PP)发泡成型过程的影响.随着超临界CO2用量的增加,发泡挤出机口模压力降低,试样发泡倍率降低,泡孔尺寸变小,泡孔密度提高.在w(CO2)为3%,5%时,得到发泡倍率最高为13左右的PP发泡材料.w(CO2)为7%,发泡温度为12...     

剪切速率对聚苯乙烯／超临界CO2发泡体系的影响

在挤出发泡过程中聚合物／超临界CO2发泡体系的形成是气体在剪切混合作用下，通过对流扩散，完全溶解进聚合物形成物理性质均一的均相体系的过程。剪切作用对均相体系的形成具有重要的影响，为了研究剪切对均相体系形成的影响，成功设计了微孔发泡模拟实验机，研究了不同剪切速率作用下均相体系的形成。研究结果表明，随着剪切速率的增加，聚合物和气体的混合程度明显增强，泡孔分布变得均匀，泡孔密度增大。     

振动力场作用下温度对超临界CO2/PS微孔塑料气泡形态的影响

以超临界CO2为发泡剂,用自行研制的动态发泡模拟机将机械振动力场引入到PS微孔塑料成型过程中,初步研究了振动力场作用下温度对微孔塑料气泡形态的影响.实验发现,发泡温度越高,气泡核长大的速度越快,导致气泡合并甚至破裂.但发泡温度过低时,超临界CO2在PS熔体中的扩散速率较低,最终制品的泡孔密度小,气泡分布也不均匀.在微孔塑料成型过程中施加振动,有利于发泡剂在熔体中的分散和混合,从而在较低的温度(130℃)下制备出泡孔直径为18μm、泡孔密度为7×107个/cm3的微孔塑料.     

超临界二氧化碳发泡聚苯硫醚研究

采用超临界二氧化碳间歇批处理成型方法成功制备了PPS泡沫材料,同时对所得发泡制品的形态、结晶性能和动态力学性能进行分析,发现在CO2浸泡过程中PPS发生了压力诱导结晶.在温度为80℃,压力为20 MPa情况下,在CO2中浸泡2h的PPS样本可以发泡,而浸泡时间4h和8h的PPS由于结晶度较高不能发泡,为进一步探究该工艺成型发泡PPS奠定了理论基础.     

超临界CO2在PCDL中溶解扩散的分子动力学模拟

通过分子动力学模拟,研究了温度和压力的改变对超临界CO2在聚碳酸酯二醇中的溶解和扩散行为的影响.结果表明,降低温度和升高压力有利于超临界CO2的溶解;降低压力和升高温度有利于超临界CO2的扩散.研究结果可以为相关发泡工艺参数的设置提供参考.     

黏土对超临界CO2在聚乳酸中溶解性能的影响

采用体积法测量超临界CO2在聚乳酸(PLA)及PLA/黏土纳米复合材料中的溶解性能,研究黏土对超临界CO2在PLA中溶解速率和溶解度的影响.结果表明:黏土的存在使超临界CO2在PLA中的溶解速率大大降低,溶解度从纯PLA的12.7%降低到复合材料的5.1%(测试温度170℃、压力10MPa),降幅达60%.从材料的流变性能和结晶性能两方面分析其内在原因.     

液压脉动注射成型聚乳酸力学性能及生物降解性能的研究

在不同振动工艺参数下,研究液压脉动注射成型对聚乳酸(PLA)制品力学性能、结晶性能及生物降解性能的影响.结果表明,与普通注射成型相比,液压脉动注射成型的PLA制品拉伸强度提高了10.6%,冲击强度提高了29.7%,结晶度提高了11.9%.在蛋白酶K催化降解下,其生物降解过程是从表面侵蚀到内部整体侵蚀的逐步演变过程,制品总降解速率比普通注射成型的小.     

PVC微孔塑料加工工艺与泡孔结构及耐热性关系研究

以超临界CO2为发泡剂,用动态发泡实验装置在不同的发泡温度、气体饱和压力及振动频率和振幅等加工工艺条件下制备了聚氯乙烯(PVC)微孔塑料。研究发现,发泡温度存在着一个最佳温度范围,使得泡孔密度最大、泡孔尺寸最小;气体饱和压力越大,泡孔结构越好;当剪切速率较低时,在发泡过程中施加强振动作用能显著提高泡孔密度,减小泡孔尺寸,当剪切速率较高时,施加较弱的振动作用即可改善泡孔形态,而施加较强的振动作用可能会产生较大的剪切热和脉动剪切应力,从而破坏泡孔结构;PVC微孔塑料的维卡软化温度与泡孔结构有着密切的关系,泡孔密度越大、泡孔尺寸越小,维卡软化温度就越高。     

旋流气液两相强化吸收CO2的传质性能

为强化二氧化碳的吸收过程,采用一类旋流逆向气液多级接触的方式,以NaOH溶液为吸收剂,研究其与大跨度浓度CO₂(2.5%～15%)接触反应的传质性能。分别探讨了吸收剂浓度、吸收剂流量、烟气CO₂浓度、烟气流量及反应温度对气相总体积传质系数(K_ga)的定量影响。结果表明,在实验条件下,其K_ga可达(4.53×10^-5)～(9.22×10^-5)kmol·m^-3·s^-1·kPa^-1。与双级直流喷雾和单级旋流喷雾相比,旋流逆向气液多级接触能够有效强化大跨度浓度CO₂的吸收过程。K_ga随吸收剂浓度、流量和反应温度的增加而增加,随CO₂浓度增加呈现先增加后减小(CO₂浓度大于5%)的非线性关系,随气体流量增加先增加后趋于稳定。     

CO2在PPO和PS共混物中的溶解与扩散行为研究

以超临界CO₂为发泡剂,采用质量衰减法测试发泡剂在聚苯醚（PPO）/聚苯乙烯（PS）中的溶解扩散性,在静态条件下系统研究了工艺参数及PPO/PS组成对CO₂溶解度与扩散系数的影响,建立了温度、压力及PPO含量与CO₂溶解度的定量关系。结果表明,CO₂在PPO/PS中的溶解度随着PPO含量的增加而增加,随着压力的增加和温度的降低而增大;扩散系数随着PPO含量的增加而减小,随着温度的升高和饱和压力的增大而增大。     

CO2 mineralization of carbide slag for the production of light calcium carbonates

The production of polyvinyl chloride by calcium carbide method is a typical chemical process with high coal consumption, leading to massive flue gas and carbide slag emissions. Currently, the carbide slag with high CaO content is usually stacked in residue field, easily draining away with the rain and corroding the soil. In this work, we coupled the treatment of flue gas and carbide slag to propose a facile CO₂ mineralization route to prepare light calcium carbonate. And the route feasibility was comprehensively evaluated via experiments and simulation. Through experimental investigation, the Ca²⁺ leaching and mineralization reaction parameters were determined. Based on the experiment, a process was built and optimized through Aspen Plus, and the energy was integrated to obtain the overall process energy and material consumption. Finally, the net CO₂ emission reduction rate of the entire process through the life-cycle assessment method was analyzed. Moreover, the relationship between the parameters and the CO₂ emission life-cycle assessment was established. The final optimization results showed that the mineralization process required 1154.69 kW·h·(t CO₂)^-1 of energy (including heat energy of 979.32 kW·h·(t CO₂)^-1 and electrical energy of 175.37 kW·h·(t CO₂)^-1), and the net CO₂ emission reduction rate was 35.8%. The light CaCO₃ product can be sold as a high value-added product. According to preliminary economic analysis, the profit of mineralizing can reach more than 2,100 CNY·(t CO₂)^-1.     

CO2和O2在聚乳酸/聚偏二氟乙烯共混物中扩散行为的分子动力学模拟研究

采用分子动力学模拟方法研究了CO₂和O₂分子在聚乳酸/聚偏二氟乙烯（PLA/PVDF）共混物中的扩散行为;通过菲克第一定律和Einstein关系式计算了共混物体系模型的自由体积分数以及CO₂和O₂分子在体系中的扩散系数,研究探讨了自由体积分数与探头半径的关系及自由体积分数与扩散系数的关系。结果表明,当PLA/PVDF共混物中PLA和PVDF的质量比为9∶1时,CO₂和O₂气体分子的扩散系数均为最小,共混物阻隔性能最好;共混体系中小分子的动力学半径越小,扩散系数越大;自由体积分数随硬球探头模型中探头半径的增大而减小;不同共混物体系中,自由体积分数的变化趋势与扩散系数一致,与Fox和Flory的自由体积理论相符。     

The CO2 absorption and desorption performance of the triethylenetetramine + N,N-diethylethanolamine + H2O system

Post-combustion CO₂ capture (PCC) process faces significant challenge of high regeneration energy consumption. Biphasic absorbent is a promising alternative candidate which could significantly reduce the regeneration energy consumption because only the CO₂-concentrated phase should be regenerated. In this work, aqueous solutions of triethylenetetramine (TETA) and N,N-diethylethanolamine (DEEA) are found to be efficient biphasic absorbents of CO₂. The effects of the solvent composition, total amine concentration, and temperature on the absorption behavior, as well as the effect of temperature on the desorption behavior of TETA-DEEA-H₂O system were investigated. An aqueous solution of 1 mol·L^-1 TETA and 4 mol·L^-1 DEEA spontaneously separates into two liquid phases after a certain amount of CO₂ is absorbed and it shows high CO₂ absorption/desorption performance. About 99.4% of the absorbed CO₂ is found in the lower phase, which corresponds to a CO₂ absorption capacity of 3.44 mol·kg^-1. The appropriate absorption and desorption temperatures are found to be 30℃ and 90℃, respectively. The thermal analysis indicates that the heat of absorption of the 1 mol·L^-1 TETA and 4 mol·L^-1 DEEA solution is -84.38 kJ·(mol CO₂)^-1 which is 6.92 kJ·(mol CO₂)^-1 less than that of aqueous MEA. The reaction heat, sensible heat, and the vaporization heat of the TETA-DEEA-H₂O system are lower than that of the aqueous MEA, while its CO₂ capacity is higher. Thus the TETA-DEEA-H₂O system is potentially a better absorbent for the post-combustion CO₂ capture process.     

改性活性碳纤维对CO2的吸附性能

为了进一步提高活性碳纤维的CO₂吸附量和抗水性能,采用浸渍法将活性碳纤维进行改性处理,得到一系列改性样品,并对其进行了SEM和FTIR表征。研究了活性碳纤维种类、浸渍试剂（NaOH溶液、ZnCl₂溶液及离子液体）等对吸附剂孔结构、CO₂吸附量、循环使用性和抗水性能的影响,并探讨了CO₂在改性活性碳纤维内的动力学吸附扩散行为。研究结果表明：改性活性碳纤维的CO₂吸附性能和抗水性能均显著改善,其中CO₂最高吸附量达24.4%（0.1MPa和25℃）,吸湿率减小到1.33%,且具有良好的吸附/脱附循环使用性。均相扩散模型（HSDM）描述了实时吸附数据,此模型能够较好地反映CO₂在样品内的扩散行为,改性活性碳纤维仍能保持良好的扩散速率,扩散系数D_s值数量级为10^-5m²/s,与空白活性碳纤维相当。     

Sorption and Diffusion Behavior of Carbon Dioxide into Poly（l-lactic acid） Films at Elevated Pressures

Equilibrium sorption amount, desorption diffusion coefficients and sorption diffusion coefficients of CO2 in poly（l-lactic acid） （PLLA） films at elevated pressures were determined by the gravimetric method, in which the Fick＇s diffusion model was applied to analyze both the desorption and sorption processes. The equilibrium sorption amount of CO2 in PLLA increased with lowering temperature and elevating pressure at the temperature range from 40 to 60 ℃ and pressure from 10^4 to 2x10^4 kPa. Desorption diffusion coefficients were greatly influenced by the equilibrium sorption amount, and they were in the same order of magnitude as the sorption diffusion coefficients. The scan electron microscope （SEM） photos demonstrated that there was no foaming phenomenon of the PLLA film during desorption and sorption processes. The XRD spectra implied that the crystalline degree of PLLA film decreased after CO2 processing. It was concluded that PLLA polymer could be well swollen and plasticized by supercritical CO2.     

氨水吸收CO2的吸收热预测模型

基于e-NRTL模型,利用Aspen Plus软件建立了氨水吸收CO₂的吸收热预测模型,验证了NH₃-CO₂-H₂O体系的汽液平衡、液相组成形态并与前人的实验数据做了对比,进而结合负载CO₂的氨水溶液中各离子及分子的变化特征,对CO₂吸收过程的反应热随着CO₂负载量的变化规律进行了预测并与已发表的数据进行了比较。结果表明,该吸收热模型能够准确地实现氨水吸收CO₂过程中汽液平衡、液相反应以及吸收热的计算。氨水吸收CO₂的反应热主要受H₂O的电离、NH₃的电离、NH₂COO^-的生成与水解、CO₂的溶解等反应过程的影响,H₂O的电离过程受NH₃的电离过程的抑制,对于总吸收热的贡献最大, NH₂COO^-的反应则随着CO₂负载量的增加先放热再吸热。随着温度的升高,总吸收热有所降低,当温度为80℃时,在较低的CO₂负载区间[0.2～0.5 mol CO₂·(mol NH₃)^-1],总吸收热约为70.5 kJ·(mol CO₂)^-1。     

High-performance SSZ-13 membranes prepared using ball-milled nanosized seeds for carbon dioxide and nitrogen separations from methane

SSZ-13 membranes with high separation performances were prepared using ball-milled nanosized seeds by once hydrothermal synthesis. Separation performances of SSZ-13 membranes in CO_2/CH_4 and N_2/CH_4 mixtures were enhanced after synthesis modification. Single-gas permeances of CO_2, N_2 and CH_4 and ideal selectivities were recorded through SSZ-13 membranes. The effects of temperature, pressure, feed flow rate and humidity on separation performance of the membranes were discussed. Three membranes prepared after synthesis modifications had an average CO_2 permeance of 1.16 × 10~(-6) mol·(m~2· s·Pa)~(-1)(equal to 3554 GPU) with an average CO_2/CH_4 selectivity of 213 in a 50 vol%/50 vol% CO_2/CH_4 mixture. It suggests that membrane synthesis has a good reproducible. The membrane also displayed a N_2 permeance of 1.07 × 10~(-7) mol·(m~2·s·Pa)~(-1)(equal to 320 GPU) with a N_2/CH_4 selectivity of 13 for a 50 vol%/50 vol% N_2/CH_4 mixture. SSZ-13 membrane displayed stable and good separation performance in the wet CO_2/CH_4 mixture for a long test period over 100 h at 348 K. The current SSZ-13 membranes show great potentials for the simultaneous removals of CO_2 and N_2 in natural gas purification as a facile process suitable for industrial application.     

微通道内乙醇胺吸收CO2的过程特征（英文）

Process characteristics of CO2 absorption using aqueous monoethanolamine(MEA) in a microchannel reactor were investigated experimentally in this work.A T-type rectangular microchannel with a hydraulic diameter of 408 μm was used.Operating parameters,i.e.temperature,pressure and molar ratio of MEA to CO2 were studied.Under 3 MPa pressure,the mole fraction of CO2 in gas phase could decrease from 32.3% to 300×10?6 at least when gas hourly space velocity ranged from 14400 to 68600 h?1 and molar ratio of MEA to CO2 was kept at 2.2.In particular,the effects of temperature on CO2 absorption flux,mass transfer driving force,gas-liquid contact time and en-hancement factor were analyzed in detail and found that mass transfer enhancement by chemical reaction was a crucial factor for the process of CO2 absorption.