Li/Nb摩尔比变化对Mg:Sc:Fe:LiNbO3晶体光折变性能的影响

掺入摩尔分数为1%MgO,0.5%Sc2O3和质量分数为0.03% Fe2O3,从Li与Nb摩尔比分别为0.85,0.94,1.05,1.20和1.38的熔体中用提拉法生长Mg:Sc:Fe:LiNbO3 (Mg:Sc:Fe:LN)晶体.测试了晶体的紫外-可见吸收光谱和红外光谱、抗光损伤能力、衍射效率、响应时间和光折变灵敏度.结果表明:随着Li/Nb摩尔比增加,Mg:Sc:Fe:LN晶体的吸收边发生紫移;n(Li)/n(Nb)=1.05的晶体分别在3 466,3 481 cm-1和3 504 cm-1处出现OH-吸收峰;n(Li)/n(Nb)=1.38的晶体在3 504 cm-1和3 535 cm-1处出现OH-吸收峰.随n(Li)/n(Nb)的增加,Mg:Sc:Fe:LN晶体的衍射效率减小,响应速度和光折变灵敏度增大.n(Li)/n(Nb)=1.05的近化学计量比Mg:Sc:Fe:LN晶体的抗光损伤能力最高.     

近化学计量比Fe:Mg:LiNbO_3晶体生长与其存储性能

在LiNbO3(LN)中分别掺入0.5%(摩尔分数,下同),1%和2% MgO,0.03%(质量分数)Fe2O3,配料中n(Li)/n(Nb)=1.38,采用顶部籽晶溶液生长法生长近化学计量比Fe:Mg:LiNbO3(near-stoichiometric Fe:Mg:LiNbO3,Fe:Mg:SLN)晶体。测试了晶体的红外光谱、抗光损伤能力和存储性能。结果表明:Fe:2%Mg:LN晶体的OH-吸收峰移到3535cm-1,抗光损伤能力比Fe:LN提高3个数量级。Fe:0.5%Mg:LN晶体的灵敏度、动态范围和抗光损伤能力比Fe:LN晶体分别高2.5倍,2倍和1个数量级。以Fe:2%Mg:LN晶体和Fe:LN晶体分别作为存储介质,进行大容量存储实验。在一个公共体积内实现1200幅体全息图的存储。Fe:2%Mg:LN晶体的存储质量优于Fe:LN晶体。     

Zn2+掺杂Mn:Fe:LiNbo3晶体的特性和非挥发性全息存储

在铌酸锂LiNbo3(LN)中掺入摩尔分数为0.1%MnO,质量分数为0.03?2O3和摩尔分数分别为1%,3%和7%ZnO,用提拉法生长Zn:Mn:Fe:LN晶体.测试了晶体的红外光谱,发现7%Zn:Mn:Fe:LN晶体 OH-吸收峰位置移到3 529 cm-1.用光斑畸变法测量晶体的抗光损伤能力.结果表明:7%Zn:Mn:Fe:LN晶体的抗光损伤能力比Ma:Fe:LN晶体提高1个数量级以上.探讨了Zn:Mn:Fe:LN晶体OH-吸收峰移动和抗光致散射能力增强的机理.以He-Ne激光作记录光,高压汞灯紫外光作开关光,用双光子固定法测量了Zn:Mn:Fe:LN晶体的二波耦合衍射效率,以Mn:Fe:LN和1%Zn:Mn:Fe:LN晶体作为存储介质实现了非挥发性存储. 体.测试了晶体的红外光谱,发现7%Zn:Mn:Fe:LN晶体 OH-吸收峰位置移到3 529 cm-1.用光斑畸变法测量晶体的抗光损伤能力.结果表明:7%Zn:Mn:Fe:LN晶体的抗光损伤能力比Ma:Fe:LN晶体提高1个数量级以上.探讨了Zn:Mn:Fe:LN晶体OH-吸收峰移动和抗光致散射能力增强的机理.以He-Ne激光作记录光,高压汞灯 外光     

Mg:Ce:Fe:LiNbO3晶体生长及其全息存储性能

在同成分LiNbO3(LN)中,掺入MgO的摩尔分数分别为0,2%,4%,6%,掺入(质量分数)0.1?O2和0.08?2O3,采用提拉法生长了优质的Mg:Ce:Fe:LN晶体.检测了Mg:Ce:Fe:LN晶体的红外透射光谱和光损伤阈值.结果表明:6%Mg:0.1?:0.08?:LN晶体的OH-振动吸收峰紫移到3 532cm-1,其光损伤阈值比Ce:Fe:LN晶体提高2个数量级以上.用二波耦合光路测试晶体的衍射效率,写入时间和擦除时间.计算了光折变灵敏度和动态范围.结果表明:Mg:Ce:Fe:LN晶体全息存储性能优于Fe:LN晶体和Ce:Fe:LN晶体.以4%Mg:0.1?:0.08?:LN晶体作为全息记录材料,实现了总存储页面为3 200幅图像的存储,再现图像清晰完整.     

Ce:Fe:LiNbO3晶体的生长及光折变性能

在氧化锂(Li2O)摩尔分数(下同)为48.6%～58%的LiNbO3中掺入0.1%的氧化铈(CeO2)和质量分数为0.03%的氧化铁(Fe2O3),用提拉法技术生长出高光学质量的具有不同摩尔比n(Li)/n(Nb)的Ce:Fe:LiNbO3晶体.通过紫外-可见光谱和红外光谱测试了晶体样品的组成和缺陷结构.通过二波耦合实验系统研究了Ce:Fe:LiNbO3晶体样品的光折变性能.结果表明:晶体样品随n(Li)/n(Nb)比增加,样品的衍射效率降低,动态范围降低,但是,全息响应速率和光折变灵敏度提高.     

不同Li/Nb摩尔比In:Fe:LiNbO3晶体的生长及其光学性能

在LiNbO3(LN)中掺摩尔分数为1%的In和掺质量分数为0.03%的Fe,用提拉法技术生长具有不同n(Li)/n(Nb)[n(Li)/n(Nb)=0.94,1.05,1.20,1.38]的In:Fe:LN晶体.测试不同n(Li)/n(Nb)的In:Fe:LN晶体的吸收光谱、抗光致散射能力和指数增益系数,并计算晶体的有效载流子浓度.结果表明:晶体样品随着n(Li)/n(Nb)增加,吸收光谱的吸收边发生紫移,抗光致散射能力增加,指数增益系数和有效载流子浓度增大.采用n(Li)/n(Nb)=1.38的In:Fe:LN晶体作记录介质,n(Li)/n(Nb)=1.05的In:Fe:LN晶体作位相共轭镜进行全息关联存储实验.实验表明:存储系统具有实时处理,成像质量好,信噪比高和能反复使用等优点.     

In:Fe:LiNbO_3晶体波导基片光折变性能的研究

采用Czochralski技术生长了掺In摩尔分数分别为1%,2%和3%的In∶Fe∶LiNbO3晶体。测试In∶Fe∶LiNbO3晶体的红外光谱发现:3%In∶Fe∶LiNbO3晶体的OH-吸收峰由Fe∶LiNbO3晶体的3484cm-1位移到3507cm-1。首次以全息法研究了In∶Fe∶LiNbO3晶体波导基片光折变灵敏度。研究表明:晶体波导基片的光折变灵敏度大小顺序为Fe∶LiNbO3>1%In∶Fe∶LiNbO3>2%In∶Fe∶LiNbO3>3%In∶Fe∶LiNbO3。采用锂空位模型讨论了3%In∶Fe∶LiNbO3晶体OH-吸收峰位移的机理。讨论了In∶Fe∶LiNbO3晶体波导基片光折变灵敏度减弱和抗光折变能力增强的机理。     

In:Er:LiNbO_3晶体生长及抗光损伤性能

掺入摩尔分数为1%In2O3和0.5%Er2O3,从n(Li)/n(Nb)比为0.94,1.05,1.20,1.38的熔体中用提拉法生长In:Er:LilbO3(In:Er:LN)晶体.测试了晶体的紫外-可见吸收光谱、荧光光谱和抗光损伤阈值.结果表明:随着n(Li)/n(Nb)增加,晶体吸收边发生紫移,晶体的荧光发光强度和晶体抗光损伤阈值增强.n(Li)/n(Nb)为1.38的近化学计量比晶体的荧光发光强度和抗光损伤阈值最高.对不同n(Li)/n(Nb)的晶体的吸收边移动和抗光损伤阈值和荧光发光强度增强的机理进行讨论.     

In∶Fe∶LiNbO3晶体波导基片光折变性能的研究

采用Czochralski技术生长了掺In摩尔分数分别为1%,2%和3%的In∶Fe∶LiNbO3晶体.测试In∶Fe∶LiNbO3晶体的红外光谱发现:3%In∶Fe∶LiNbO3晶体的OH-吸收峰由Fe∶LiNbO3晶体的3 484 cm-1位移到3 507 cm-1.首次以全息法研究了In∶Fe∶LiNbO3晶体波导基片光折变灵敏度.研究表明:晶体波导基片的光折变灵敏度大小顺序为Fe∶LiNbO3＞1%In∶Fe∶LiNbO3＞2%In∶Fe∶LiNbO3＞3%In∶Fe∶LiNbO3.采用锂空位模型讨论了3%In∶Fe∶LiNbO3晶体OH-吸收峰位移的机理.讨论了In∶Fe∶LiNbO3晶体波导基片光折变灵敏度减弱和抗光折变能力增强的机理.     

Mg:Mn:Fe:LiNbO3晶体的全息存储性能

在同成分铌酸锂晶体中掺入0.03?2O3和0.1%MnO2(质量分数),分别掺入0,1%,3%,4.5%,6%的MgO(摩尔分数),用提拉法生长了一系列Mg:Mn:Fe:LiNbO3晶体.检测了Mg:Mn:Fe:LiNbO3晶体的红外光谱和抗光损伤能力.掺0,1%,3%,4.5%Mg的Mg:Mn:Fe:LiNbO3晶体的OH-红外振动峰位于3484cm-1,而掺6%Mg的Mg:Mn:Fe:LiNbO3晶体红外振动峰移到3 535gm-1.采用波长为632nm的He-Ne激光器作为光源,通过二波耦合方法测试晶体的全息存储性能.结果表明:Mg:Mn:Fe:LiNbO3晶体的写入时间和动态范围随掺镁量的增加而显著减小,而光折变灵敏度略有上升,抗光损伤性能增强,其中掺镁量为3%Mg:Mn:Fe:LiNbO3晶体更适合作为全息存储介质.     

丙烯聚合建模研究:扩散作用的影响

提出了均匀分布多粒模型 (UMGM) ,用于研究单个聚丙烯粒子的增长过程。在不考虑催化剂多活性中心和失活的情况下 ,扩散作用能够在较大范围内解释丙烯聚合过程中分子量分布以及反应速率的变化。分析了扩散系数、催化剂的活性以及催化剂颗粒大小对反应的影响。仿真结果表明 ,扩散作用对高活性催化剂的影响更加显著 ,并且与催化剂粒子的大小有密切关系。本模型能够方便地扩展到多活性中心以及采用更加复杂的微观反应动力学方程 .与其他单粒子模型相比 ,UMGM模型参数物理意义明确 ,计算速度快 ,为工业反应器的建模和优化奠定了基础。     

STUDY OF THE CLOUD POINT OF NORTRIPTYLINE HYDROCHLORIDE: EFFECT OF ADDITIVES

The work focuses on the clouding and dye solubilization phenomena in an amphiphilic drug, nortriptyline hydrochloride (NOT), which is a tricyclic antidepressant. A 30 mM drug solution prepared in 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH: 7.07) showed CP at 45°C, which was found to decrease with the addition of long-chain alcohols and cyclohexanol but remained almost constant with short-chain alcohols. The behavior is explained on the basis of their nature: short-chain alcohols are water soluble and partition very little in micelles, whereas long-chain alcohols are hydrophobic and solubilize in drug aggregates. Diols decreased the CP. Addition of cationic surfactants increased the CP, whereas sugars caused a decrease. Dye solubilization results indicate micellar growth with fixed concentrations of surfactants.     

MODELLING OF DESORPTION ISOTHERMS OF CHESTNUT: INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE AND EVALUATION OF ISOSTERIC HEATS

The desorption isotherms of chestnuts (Castanea sativa Mill) were determined at 278, 293, 303, 313, and 323K by a gravimetric technique. The range of water activity was from 0.08 at 0.91. The sorption isotherms were of the type II according to Brunauer's classification. The effect of the temperature shows a cross over of the desorption isotherms at water activity 0.6. The experimental data are fitted with several models (Oswin, Smith, Henderson, Halsey, and G.A.B.). Oswin and G.A.B. models gave the best fittings. Particularly, with G.A.B. model parameters some interesting information as monolayer moisture content, heat of sorption of the first and nth layer adsorbed and net isosteric heat were obtained.     

ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF CELLULOSE: DETERMINATION OF KINETIC PARAMETERS

The effects of cellulose substrate concentration, cellulase enzyme concentration, and product concentration on the kinetic parameters involved in the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose have been studied. The Michaelis constant showed a decreasing trend with a decreasing crystallinity of cellulose substrate while the maximum reaction rate showed an increasing trend. These kinetic parameters were found to be significantly larger when the enzyme concentration was increased. The adsorption kinetic parameters showed an increasing trend as the crystallinity is decreased. It was found that the optimal enzyme loading should be determined by the source, concentration, and crystallinity of cellulose substrate and the initial specific rate of cellulose hydrolysis which is, in large part, influenced by the degree of crystallinity of cellulose substrate. The inhibition constant for cellulase-by cellobiose and that for cellobiase were also determined. These kinetic parameters determined experimentally can be applied to kinetic modeling and simulation of cellulose hydrolysis.     

STUDY OF THE CLOUD POINT OF NORTRIPTYLINE HYDROCHLORIDE: EFFECT OF ADDITIVES

The work focuses on the clouding and dye solubilization phenomena in an amphiphilic drug, nortriptyline hydrochloride (NOT), which is a tricyclic antidepressant. A 30 mM drug solution prepared in 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH: 7.07) showed CP at 45°C, which was found to decrease with the addition of long-chain alcohols and cyclohexanol but remained almost constant with short-chain alcohols. The behavior is explained on the basis of their nature: short-chain alcohols are water soluble and partition very little in micelles, whereas long-chain alcohols are hydrophobic and solubilize in drug aggregates. Diols decreased the CP. Addition of cationic surfactants increased the CP, whereas sugars caused a decrease. Dye solubilization results indicate micellar growth with fixed concentrations of surfactants.     

DRYING OF WATER GELS: DETERMINATION OF THE CHARACTERISTIC CURVE OF AGAR-AGAR

Agar-agar is a polysaccharide extracted as a hydrocolloid from red seaweed, whose gels are homogeneous, stable and transparent. The characterization of ternary equilibrium and mass transfer kinetics in the agar-water-air system is essential for designing operations in the extractive process as well as for ascertaining the behaviour of these gels and sols during evaporation. humectation and swelling.

In this work, the convective thermal drying of agar gels using a laboratory scale discontinuous drier has been studied, the raw data being interfaced to an ancillary microprocessor and generalized according to the characteristic curve formalism useful in the design of full scale driers.     

纳米硅氮薄膜晶化研究

在等离子化学气相沉积系统中，使用高氢稀释硅烷和氮气为反应气氛制备了纳米硅氮薄膜。本工作研究了Ｎ２／ＳｉＨ４比和衬底温度对ＳｉＮ薄膜的晶化和组分的影响。     

DRYING OF PARTICULATE SOLIDS: DETERMINATION OF THE CHARACTERISTIC CURVE OF BROWN COAL.

ABSTRACT

Variation on the rate of drying of brown coal powder as a function of environmental and intrinsic properties has been studied in a gravimetric laboratory-scale drier.

Raw data have been treated to correlate the constant rate of drying and the equilibrium moisture content as a function of flow rate and temperature of the gas phase, particle size and surface additives. The characteristic drying curve occurs when the reduced rate of drying is plotted as a function of a dimensionless moisture potetial.     

DRYING OF ONION: EFFECTS OF PRETREATMENT ON MOISTURE TRANSPORT

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the drying of osmosed and fresh onions. Onion slices (0.8 × 0.8 × 0.15 cm) soaked in sodium chloride solutions (10 and 15% w/w) for 60 min at 22°C were submitted to air drying. The experimental kinetics data obtained were employed to determine effective diffusivity, using a mass transfer model based on Fick's law of diffusion applied to thin slabs. The results show those samples soaked in the 10% NaCl solution had faster drying rates and larger moisture diffusion coefficients. The drying time of onions can be reduced to less than half by introducing an hour of osmotic dehydration in a salt solution. The dried previously osmosed samples presented a more natural coloration than the untreated ones did.     

DRYING OF ONION: EFFECTS OF PRETREATMENT ON MOISTURE TRANSPORT

This study investigated the drying of osmosed and fresh onions. Onion slices (0.8 × 0.8 × 0.15 cm) soaked in sodium chloride solutions (10 and 15% w/w) for 60 min at 22°C were submitted to air drying. The experimental kinetics data obtained were employed to determine effective diffusivity, using a mass transfer model based on Fick's law of diffusion applied to thin slabs. The results show those samples soaked in the 10% NaCl solution had faster drying rates and larger moisture diffusion coefficients. The drying time of onions can be reduced to less than half by introducing an hour of osmotic dehydration in a salt solution. The dried previously osmosed samples presented a more natural coloration than the untreated ones did.