共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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应用膜技术精制水溶性染料 总被引:19,自引:1,他引:18
采用CA卷式纳滤膜进行了NT染料水溶液脱盐和浓缩的过程研究 .在 1.8MPa压力下经膜过程处理后 ,NT染料水溶液中的NaCl浓度从 1.0 5mol/L降到 0 .0 4 9mol/L以下 ,NT浓度浓缩到 0 .2 5mol/L以上 ,NT成份的平均截留率达 99 8% .在经较长时间连续运转后 ,膜元件仍然具有良好的抗污染能力 ,但是当NT组份浓缩到 0 .3mol/L左右时 ,可能会在膜表面形成凝胶层 ,使得渗透流率异常下降 ,NaCl的截留率上升 .工艺生产表明 ,该卷式纳滤膜用于NT染料的脱盐浓缩是可行的 相似文献
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利用耐高温聚酰胺复合纳滤膜对偶氮染料酸性铬蓝K(ACBK)的含盐水溶液进行脱盐实验.研究了操作压力、盐水温度等对膜脱盐性能的影响,考察了复合膜在高温染料脱盐过程中的分离性能及热稳定性.结果表明,随着操作压力和温度上升,膜的通量都明显提高,对ACBK和NaCl的截留率则分别保持在100%和12%左右.在1.0MPa,80℃下复合膜可以高效地完成染料ACBK的脱盐净化.经过10d的高温染料脱盐实验,膜对染料的截留率基本不变,通量从260L/(m2·h)降低到约240L/(m2·h),经水冲洗后通量恢复到253L/(m2·h)左右. 相似文献
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类甜菜碱药液的膜分离工艺研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
研究开发对类甜菜碱水溶液常规过滤除杂、电渗析(ED)脱盐,然后纳滤(NF)浓缩的处理工艺.结果表明,在ED运行20~30min后,类甜菜碱水溶液的脱盐率高达99.4%,NF水通量随操作压力升高而增加,在较低操作压力时稳定在35~40L/(m^2.h)之间.浓缩倍数增加,NF通量迅速下降、ED脱盐后的药液淡水和NF膜的渗透液经紫外分光光度计480nm波长检测的吸光度值都为零,表明分离工艺合理,选用的膜对类甜菜碱具有优良的截留性能。 相似文献
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苯丙氨酸和天冬氨酸水溶液的纳滤分离及其过程模拟 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7
选择苯丙氨酸和天冬氨酸水溶液进行了纳滤分离过程研究,讨论了不同pH下氨基酸的透过特性,并就该体系的浓缩分离进行了模拟计算。 相似文献
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黄河流域中游煤矿区浅层含水层地下水为当地生活饮用水的主要来源,应用感官指数和健康指数对水质进行定量评价,发现部分浅层地下水存在硝酸氮超标风险.采用纳滤浓水与反渗透产水混合工艺,考察了纳滤膜类型、膜系统、压力和回收率对产水水质的影响,对比了不同回收率下纳滤产水水质的理论预测值及实测值,开展了混合脱盐工艺与传统的反渗透产水与超滤产水勾兑工艺的技术适用性及经济性分析.结果表明,纳滤系统运行压力与硝酸氮透过率负相关.最佳运行条件是采用NTF40纳滤膜、运行压力为0.4 MPa且回收率为60%,纳滤浓水与反渗透产水的混合水离子浓度适中,且阴/阳离子比重明显改善,硝酸氮质量浓度相比原水下降56.1%,与预测产水水质偏差小于10%.混合脱盐方案综合回收率高达94%,相比传统反渗透与超滤产水勾兑方案具有潜在的技术优势和经济效益. 相似文献
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膜法染料废水处理试验研究 总被引:29,自引:1,他引:28
采用醋酸纤维素纳滤膜,对染料厂提供的高盐度、高色度、高CODCr的染料废水进行了处理试验研究。在纳滤膜对废水中染料的截留性能、废水中无机盐(NaCl)的透过性能、纳滤膜 对染料废水中不同分子量的有机物的截留性能、以及膜对染料废水的色度和CODCr的去除性能等方面作了详细的研究和讨论。初步的研究结果表明,纳滤膜技术能有效截留废水中的染料的有机物,而废水的无机盐则几乎100%透过膜,膜对废水的色度和CODCr的去除效果亦较佳,膜技术可有效实现对高盐度、高色度、CODCr的染料废水的处理。 相似文献
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Partial desalination and concentration of glyphosate liquor by nanofiltration under different operation modes were investigated experimentally in this study. These operation modes were direct nanofiltration, diafiltration, dilute-diafiltration and interval washing-nanofiltration. The four different operation modes were evaluated and compared in terms of glyphosate recovery and NaCl removal. Diafiltration and dilute-diafiltration performed better than direct nanofiltration. The glyphosate loss was between 11.5% and 18.8% when the dilution factor varied from 0.4 to 0.8. Interval washing-nanofiltration alleviated the concentration polarization and membrane fouling to a certain extent. Dilute-diafiltration may be the best operation mode in terms of glyphosate recovery, salt removal and cost. 相似文献
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膜蒸馏海水淡化过程研究:三种膜蒸馏过程的比较 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
采用聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)中空纤维疏水微孔膜,以质量分数3.5%NaCl水溶液为模拟海水测试液,进行膜蒸馏脱盐实验.比较了真空(VMD)、气扫式(SGMD)和直接接触膜蒸馏(DCMD)过程的脱盐性能,考察了料液温度、流速、浓度以及冷侧冷凝条件等操作条件对过程性能的影响.结果表明:VMD过程的产水通量最高,达到21.8 L/(m2·h);DCMD次之,SGMD最小.三种MD过程的渗透通量均随料液温度的升高而增大,随料液浓度的增加而降低;SG-MD和VMD过程通量分别随冷侧气体流速和真空度增加而提高,而DCMD过程通量则几乎不随冷却水流速变化而改变.SGMD、DCMD和VMD过程的脱盐率分别为99.97%、99.98%和99.99%,几乎不随操作条件而改变. 相似文献
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目的 为减缓界面聚合反应速率,使聚合过程可控,以制备结构和性能稳定的反渗透膜.方法 提出一种新的含缓冲层的自由界面聚合工艺(Buffer Layer Free Interfacial Polymerization,BLIP)来实现聚合速率的控制,研究单体浓度和反应时间对BLIP膜结构和性能的影响,选用硫酸钠(Na2SO4)和氯化钠(NaCl)测试BLIP膜的脱盐性和耐氯性.结果 当间苯二甲胺(m-xylylenediamine,m-XDA)与均苯三甲酰氯(trimesoyl chloride,TMC)质量分数分别为0.6%,0.3%时,BLIP膜对硫酸钠(Na2SO4)和氯化钠(NaCl)的脱盐率最佳,分别为92.55%,83.99%,水通量分别为8.30,9.15 L/(m2·h).当膜在活性氯浓度为l g/L的NaClO溶液中浸泡12h后,Na2SO4和NaCl的脱盐率均保持在72%以上.结论 添加缓冲层提高了TMC在油相的分散均匀性,减缓了界面聚合速率,显著提高了BLIP膜的性能.文中提出了一种新颖、节能、简单的反渗透膜制备工艺,为促进界面聚合工艺的发展提供了新的思路. 相似文献
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Oxidation of various reactive dyes with in situ electro-generated active chlorine for textile dyeing industry wastewater treatment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The present investigation revealed that all the reactive dyes were degraded in chlorine mediated electrochemical oxidation. Titanium based dimensionally stable anode (DSA) was used for in situ generation of chlorine in the dye solution. All classes of reactive dyes (100 mg/L) showed a complete color removal at a supporting electrolyte concentration of 1.5 g/L NaCl and 36.1 mA/cm(2) current density. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) removals were from 39.5 to 82.8% and from 11.3 to 44.7%, respectively, for different reactive dyes. It can be concluded in general that the triazine containing higher molecular weight diazo compounds takes more time for complete de-colorization than the mono azo or anthraquinone containing dye compounds. The degradation rate of mixed dye compounds was affected by reaction temperature, current density, NaCl concentration and initial dye concentration. However, the initial pH of the dye solution ranging from 4.3 to 9.4 did not show significant effect on de-colorization. A complete color removal with 73.5% COD and 32.8% TOC removals were obtained for mixed reactive dyes (200 mg/L) at the end of 120 min of electrolysis under the optimum operating conditions of 4 g/L NaCl concentration and 72.2 mA/cm(2) current density. 相似文献
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《Nano Research》2016,(8):2458-2466
Capacitive deionization is an attractive approach to water desalination and treatment.To achieve efficient capacitative desalination,rationally designed electrodes with high specific capacitances,conductivities,and stabilities are necessary.Here we report the construction of a three-dimensional (3D) holey graphene hydrogel (HGH).This material contains abundant in-plane pores,offering efficient ion transport pathways.Furthermore,it forms a highly interconnected network of graphene sheets,providing efficient electron transport pathways,and its 3D hierarchical porous structure can provide a large specific surface area for the adsorption and storage of ions.Consequently,HGH serves as a binder-free electrode material with excellent electrical conductivity.Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements indicate that the optimized HGH can achieve specific capacitances of 358.4 F.g-1 in 6 M KOH solution and 148 F.g-1 in 0.5 M NaC1 solution.Because of these high capacitances,HGH has a desalination capacity as high as 26.8 mg.g-1 (applied potential:1.2 V;initial NaCl concentration:~5,000 mg.L-1). 相似文献