国家发改委等七部委提出工作意见：促进生产过程协同资源化处理城市及产业废弃物工作

为贯彻党的十八大提出的生态文明建设的战略部署,落实《循环经济促进法》和《循环经济发展战略及近期行动计划》（国发[2013]5号）的要求,加快我国城市及产业废弃物的无害化处置、资源化利用,提高我国新型城镇化的质量和水平,推动绿色循环低碳发展,国家发改委等七部委近日就促进生产过程协同资源化处理城市及产业废弃物工作提出工作意见。     

走循环经济道路谱散装水泥新篇

一、循环经济与散装水泥循环经济作为20世纪90年代后期发展起来的一种新的经济模式,是以资源的高效利用和循环利用为核心,以“减量化、再利用、资源化“为原则,以低消耗、低排放、高效率为基本特征,符合可持续发展理念的经济增长模式,是对“大量生产、大量消费、大量废弃“的传统增长模式的根本变革.循环经济模式,即“资源-产品-废弃物-再生资源“的反馈式循环过程.循环经济要求遵循生态规律,本质上讲是一种生态经济.……     

我国水泥工业“协同处置”废弃物现状及和未来发展的政策建议

一、水泥工业"协同处置"废弃物的发展现状 1基本概念和意义 水泥工业"协同处置"废弃物是指水泥工业利用现代水泥生产技术生产水泥的同时,消纳、处理城市垃圾城市污泥、有毒有害及危险废弃物以及部分工业废弃物. 随着能源、资源与环境问题对人类经济社会的冲击,可持续发展的问题越来越得到重视,在循环经济理念的指引下,发达国家的一些水泥公司在上世纪70-90年代大力推进了废弃物替代自然资源的工作,通过近20多年的发展,日本、欧洲一些国家和美国都取得了很好的实践经验,使之"协办同处置"已成水泥工业技术的新发展,通过实际检测证明水泥窑焚烧废弃物是安全的,一些标准规范也逐步得到了完善,世界水泥工业逐步从传统资源消耗型产业向着生态友好型产业转变.     

生物质水煤浆技术CDM机制发展与碳减排评价

生物质水煤浆可以实现生物质有机废弃物资源化利用,节约能源、提高能效和代替煤炭,因此,生物质水煤浆技术是适应中国CDM机制项目重点开发的领域。为了推进企业与工业园区生态、低碳化建设,促进城市低碳发展,开展生物质水煤浆技术CDM机制项目发展分析和碳减排评价分析。结果表明:生物质水煤浆制浆燃烧集成系统具有显著的碳减排效果,尤其适用于大中型化工、食品加工、中药医药等行业高浓度有机废液与生物质固体废弃物协同处理。运用这一集成系统时,要注意结合中国煤炭资源分布及利用情况,充分考虑煤炭运输条件及环境,选择合理、经济的系统集成技术和项目运作方式。     

论建筑废弃物资源化利用技术与产业发展

城市建设带来越来越多的建筑废弃物,建筑废弃物资源化利用迫在眉睫,创新研发建筑废弃物资源化利用新技术,剖析青岛本地建筑废弃物资源化利用产业化的发展,并试想建筑废弃物资源化利用产业的综合体系,这对于城市生态文明建设具有重要意义。     

基于TRIZ理论的有机废弃物处理模式初探及展望

以辽宁省法库县的污水污泥和畜禽粪便处理处置及资源化工程为例,以Triz创新思想为指导,打造有机废弃物资源化利用的生态工厂,变废为宝,提出一种利用蚯蚓生物处理城镇污水污泥等有机固废物为核心技术的循环经济应用模式,不断深化改革创新,着重阐述实现区域固体有机废物循环的技术途径与相关产业链条的延伸。该技术模式的应用与推广不仅为解决农村区域有机固体废物的资源化与循环利用提供了有效技术途径,也为我国北方农村有机固体废物生态循环经济模式的应用与推广提供重要参考。     

建筑废弃物在新型墙体材料中的资源化利用技术研究

在社会经济持续增长下,各个行业领域呈现良好的发展前景,尤其是建筑行业越来越多新技术、新工艺和新材料应用其中,相应产生了大量的废弃物。建筑行业作为能源消耗大户,在可持续发展战略背景下,融入低碳节能理念是必然选择,如何能够有效提升资源的利用效率,对建筑废弃物的回收、转化和利用受到了社会各界广泛的关注和重视。故此,探索提升废弃物资源转化利用,降低能源和资源消耗,对创造更大的经济效益和环保效益具有重大的现实意义。本文就建筑废弃物在新型墙体材料中的资源化利用技术进行分析,提出合理的技术。     

城市固废处理园区中循环经济的应用

针对城市固废处理园区建设现状,进行科学有效的分析,并详细介绍城市固废处理园区中合理应用循环经济的重要性、循环经济发展的三条技术途径,如资源高效利用、资源循环利用、废弃物无害排放等,提出循环经济在城市固废处理园区中的应用要点。将循环经济应用到城市固废处理园区中,不仅能够保证城市固废废弃物得到更加高效的处理,而且有效改善了城市生态环境。     

六部委关于开展水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾试点工作的通知

<正>为贯彻落实《循环经济发展战略及近期行动计划》(国发〔2013〕5号)、《国务院关于化解产能严重过剩矛盾的指导意见》(国发〔2013〕41号),实施《关于促进生产过程协同资源化处理城市及产业废弃物工作的意见》(发改环资〔2014〕884号),推动化解水泥产能严重过剩矛盾,推进水泥窑协同处置城市生活垃圾,促进水泥行业降低能源资源消耗,建设资源节约型和环境友好型水泥企业,实现水泥行     

天津列入首批整治“地沟油”试点

近日,国家发改委、财政部、住房和城乡建设部联合批复,在包括天津市津南区在内的全国33个城市(区)实施餐厨废弃物资源化利用和无害化处理试点实施方案。33个试点城市将获得总计6.3亿元的循环经济发展专项资金。作为这次实施方案的首批试点城市,天津市将精细规划完善的餐厨废弃物收集、运输、处理和利用体系,提出废弃油脂、固形物和液体的一体化统筹解决方案,探索餐厨废弃物资源化利用和无害化处理的治本之策。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.