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In 2007, the state government of Victoria, Australia, announced plans to build a large desalination plant with a capacity of 150 million m3 per year of desalinated water. Currently, the only feasible source for significant expansion of the greenhouse-gas neutral (GGN) energy generation in the state is wind power. A criterion for GGN of a desalination plant has been formulated. In a case of no greenhouse gas contribution from the desalination plant, the criterion is satisfied if the annual growth of the electrical energy generated by GGN sources is around 6–9% for the period 2010–2070. Higher annual growth of 18% for the period 2008–2015, 8% annually for the period 2015–2035 and 6% annual growth thereafter are required if the desalination plant is contributing to the greenhouse-gas balance of the state. 相似文献
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中国CO2集中排放源调查及其分布特征 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
由于中国经济的快速发展以及对化石能源的过度依赖,大量排放CO2致使面临的环境压力和国际压力越来越大。为减少CO2排放,需详细调查CO2排放源尤其是工业集中点源的现状。在对2004年中国火电、水泥、钢铁、炼油、乙烯、合成氨、环氧乙烷、制氢8类企业生产数据调查的基础上,计算了2004年中国这些企业的CO2排放量,绘制了集中点排放源的全国分布图,同时给出了大规模和高浓度CO2排放源分布图。在此基础上分析了其空间分布特征。2004年8类企业总排放量为29.6315×108t,其中,火电、水泥、钢铁企业总排放量为27.1631×108t,约占91.7%。采用同样的方法,依据统计数据计算了1998~2002年火电、水泥、钢铁三类企业排放量并分析了其增长特征。统计结果表明,3类企业CO2排放量年均增长率达9.7%,到2000年后呈加速增长趋势。 相似文献
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提出了以废热水为热源的二氧化碳热泵热水器系统,给出了该系统的工作原理,借助EES计算软件,进行了不同工况下系统的性能分析,为系统的运行提供了参考。 相似文献
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This study investigated the TiO2 photocatalytic degradation of aqueous ammonia (NH4+/NH3) in the presence of surfactants and monosaccharides at pH approximately 10.1. Initial rates of NH4+/NH3 photocatalytic degradation decreased by approximately 50-90% in the presence of anionic, cationic, and nonionic surfactants and monosaccharides. Through correlation analysis, we concluded that scavenging of hydroxyl radical (.OH) by the products of surfactant/monosaccharide photocatalytic degradation, including carbonate and formate, could explain approximately 80% of the variance in initial rates of NH4+/NH3 removal in our system. Addition of a supplemental .OH source (H2O2) enhanced the rate of NH4+/NH3 degradation in the presence of the surfactant Brij 23 lauryl ether (Brij 35), further supporting the idea that .OH scavenging is the mechanism by which surfactants and monosaccharides decreased initial rates of NH4+/NH3 photocatalytic degradation. Despite slowed rates of NH4+/NH3 degradation, both surfactants/monosaccharides and NH4+/NH3 were removed by TiO2 photocatalysis, indicating that this process can effectively remove both carbonaceous and nitrogenous biochemical oxygen demand from gray water. 相似文献
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氨氮浓度对活性炭深度处理工艺选择的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以北江佛山段原水为处理对象,比较了活性炭吸附(GAC)和臭氧/生物活性炭(O3/BAC)两种深度处理工艺对氨氮的去除效果,并分析了预氯化对其处理效果的影响.结果表明,GAC和O3/BAC工艺均具有一定的耐氨氮冲击负荷能力.低氨氮浓度下,GAC和O3/BAC工艺对氨氮的去除率接近(约40%),并随着进水氨氮浓度的增大而增加;两者出水中的CHCl3浓度均超标,但O3/BAC的较低;综合考虑处理效果及成本,建议此时优先采用GAC工艺.高氨氮浓度下,O3/BAC工艺去除氨氮的效果显著优于GAC,经消毒后其出水中的CHCl3浓度也低于GAC的,故建议在该种原水水质下优先采用O3/BAC工艺.控制沉淀池出水余氯在合适的范围内,则预氯化对O3/BAC工艺的除污效果无影响. 相似文献
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针对侵蚀性CO2是工程勘察中地下水检测的重要项目之一,通过试验,分析了引起侵蚀性CO2测试误差的因素,并提出了相关建议,为准确测定侵蚀性CO2提供了一定的依据。 相似文献
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Selected river waters, estuarine waters and effluents from wastewater treatment plants, collected during various seasons, have been treated with 0.14 mM (10 ppm) chlorine in order to determine the reactive components involved in chlorine decay reactions. Mineralization of organic matter, detected by measuring evolved CO2, was universal and constituted the most significant decay process observed. In most cases, loss of ammonia, primary organic amines and nitrite occurred, but removal of these components was not complete. Nitrate was usually produced, but the increases were small relative to initial concentrations. Ammonia in secondary effluent retards chlorine decay and suppresses carbon mineralization. After a week, renewed microbial growth began in anaerobic river water treated with monochloramine even though residual monochloramine remained. The onset of growth coincided with accelerated decay of the monochloramine residual, suggesting that reducing agents were being produced biologically. The faster decay of residual chlorine in denitrified secondary effluents, with low ammonia, demonstrates an additional environmental benefit of denitrification. 相似文献
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生物活性炭滤池处理微污染原水的效能 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
针对水源受氨氮污染的情况,进行了生物活性炭滤池与普通石英砂滤池的生产性对比试验,结果表明:在水温>10℃、进水氨氮>0.8 mg/L的情况下,生物活性炭滤池对CODMn、氨氮的去除率比普通石英砂滤池的高,而且具有很好的抗氨氮冲击负荷能力,但冬季低温对处理效果有较大的影响. 相似文献
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为研究异养硝化菌Y7和Y16对低温水的处理效果,构建生物增强活性炭(BEAC)滤柱,其中A滤柱接种Y7菌株,B滤柱接种Y16菌株,C滤柱接种Y7+ Y16混菌,以不接菌活性炭滤柱(D)作为对照.在5℃下研究了工艺对氨氮和CODMn的去除效果、亚硝酸盐氮与硝酸盐氮的积累特征以及进水DO含量和滤速对BEAC工艺运行效果的影响.结果表明,BEAC工艺对氨氮的去除效果优于GAC,其中C滤柱对氨氮的降解能力最强,运行期间并未出现硝酸盐氮与亚硝酸盐氮积累现象,启动期间对氨氮的最大去除率达到26.88%,对CODMn的最大去除率达到85.12%.进水溶解氧浓度对各滤柱去除氨氮和CODMn几乎没有影响;低滤速有利于BEAC对氨氮的降解,但对去除CODMn的影响较小. 相似文献
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ZHANG Xian-ping 《建筑热能通风空调》2008,(2)
天然环保型工质CO_2在系统采用跨临界循环后,与传统制冷剂相比具有独特的优点。基于可持续发展观,CO_2成为热泵热水器系统最有潜力的替代工质之一。近15年来,挪威等欧洲国家、日本和美国对CO_2热泵热水器系统进行了广泛深入的研究。本文详细介绍了CO_2热泵热水器样机的研究状况,总结了核心部件压缩机和换热器的研发现状,并探讨了有待进一步开展的研究内容。 相似文献
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本文介绍了苦卤的开发利用现状、目前二氧化碳储藏固定的方法,提出了利用苦卤固定二氧化碳的研究设想。 相似文献
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阐述了二氧化碳各种捕集方法,分析了各方法的优缺点及适应性,为分离回收利用二氧化碳提供了技术依据,并指出了二氧化碳的应用前景。通过资源化利用的方式将CO2转化成为具有工业利用价值的产品,无疑是一种较为理想的减排方式。 相似文献
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The emission rate of carbon dioxide (CO2) depends on many factors but mainly on the activity level (metabolic rate) of occupants. In this study, we examined two other factors that may influence the CO2 emission rate, namely the background CO2 concentration and the indoor temperature. Six male volunteers sat one by one in a 1.7 m3 chamber for 2.5 h and performed light office-type work under five different conditions with two temperature levels (23 vs. 28°C) and three background concentrations of CO2 (800 vs. 1400 vs. 3000 ppm). Background CO2 levels were increased either by dosing CO2 from a cylinder or by reducing the outdoor air supply rate. Physiological responses to warmth, added CO2, and bioeffluents were monitored. The rate of CO2 emission was estimated using a mass-balance equation. The results indicate a higher CO2 emission rate at the higher temperature, at which the subjects were warm, and a lower emission rate in all conditions in which the background CO2 concentration increased. Physiological measurements partially explained the present results but more measurements are needed. 相似文献
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针对城市居民生活社区二氧化碳来源的分析,建立基于地基的碳排量监测站,将监测二氧化碳浓度数据和相应的气象条件紧密联系在一起,并通过对碳源的合理性分析,运用科学合理的解释,得出城市社区二氧化碳排放规律,初步掌握基于地基的城市社区二氧化碳监测方法以及所研究区域的地理位置和大气环境与二氧化碳排量的关系,为城市碳排量监测以及低碳城市建设提供参考依据。 相似文献
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建筑领域碳排放计算已成为越来越重要的课题,本文建立了基于施工图的建筑物建造阶段碳排放计算方法,该计算方法以施工文件相关数据为计算依据,由于施工图文件数据比较吻合实际情况,故这种方法可以较精确地计算建筑建造阶段碳排放量。利用该计算方法,对深圳市某混凝土结构的值班室建造阶段的碳排放进行计算分析,结果表明建材生产阶段的碳排放在建造阶段总排放量中占主要部分,据此提出了建筑物建造阶段碳减排的对策建议。 相似文献
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将优势菌技术运用于饱和基质材料中,考察基质材料对水中氨氮的吸附特性以及微生物原位强化饱和基质材料后对氨氮的降解效果。试验结果表明,沸石对氨氮的吸附量高于活性炭。对氨氮含量为110mg/L的模拟富营养化水体进行360h动态吸附后,沸石和活性炭吸附后出水中氨氮平均含量分别为73.3l和89.18mg/L,沸石显示出作为基质材料的优越性。对饱和基质材料进行异养硝化茵强化96h后,沸石柱和活性炭柱出水氨氮平均含量分别降低8.58和17.31mg/L,并且活性炭和沸石表面形成稳定的生物膜。因此,对富营养水体在基质吸附基础上进行微生物降解的方法是可行的。 相似文献