锂铝硅系统微晶玻璃的析晶及热处理工艺研究

制备了Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃,采用差热分析(DTA)、X衍射分析(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)等分析手段对该系统微晶玻璃的析晶过程和微观结构进行了研究。通过正交实验讨论了热处理温度及时间对微晶玻璃热膨胀性能的影响。结果表明:通过热处理工艺来控制晶相的析出,析晶初始温度下首先析出的晶相为β-石英固溶体,随晶化温度升高β-石英固溶体转变为β-锂辉石固溶体,可以使样品的热膨胀性能符合要求。获得较小热膨胀系数的热处理工艺为:核化温度620℃,核化时间1小时,晶化温度840℃,晶化时间3小时。所获得的微晶玻璃的热膨胀系数为9.510-7/℃,可作为低膨胀材料使用。     

Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2-P2O5玻璃的结构和析晶性能研究

采用熔融-淬冷法制备了不同(Al₂O₃+P₂O₅)含量的碱铝硅酸盐玻璃,通过拉曼光谱、X射线衍射光谱、扫描电镜研究了其结构特征和析晶性能。发现随着(Al₂O₃+P₂O₅)含量减少,玻璃中Na₂O含量增加,玻璃化转变温度从685 ℃降低到622 ℃,当减少至摩尔分数为22%时,出现析晶峰且起始析晶温度降低。拉曼光谱表明Q⁴_P对应的拉曼峰强度变低且逐渐向低波数方向移动,说明Na₂O作为网络修饰体使硅酸盐玻璃结构逐步解聚,玻璃的析晶能力逐渐增强。结果表明:当(Al₂O₃+P₂O₅)摩尔分数为22%时热处理后的样品存在晶型转变,700 ℃热处理时以NaAlSiO₄霞石晶体为主,900 ℃时转变为以Na_6.8Al_6.3Si_9.7O₃₂霞石晶体为主。当(Al₂O₃+P₂O₅)的摩尔分数为21%和20%时,热处理后的样品能稳定析出Na₃PO₄和Na_6.8Al_6.3Si_9.7O₃₂晶体。热处理后的样品析出了耐酸侵蚀性较差的富磷相和Na₃PO₄晶体,导致化学稳定性变差。     

含氟和磷Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2系玻璃的析晶机理

以Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2(LAS)三元系微晶玻璃为研究对象,采用差热、X射线衍射和扫描电镜等研究了含磷和含氟磷LAS玻璃的析晶动力学和晶化过程,分析了氟、磷化合物对LAS玻璃晶化过程的影响机制.结果表明:氟、磷化合物对LAS玻璃的析晶过程有不同的作用机制.磷化物能显著提高LAS玻璃的析晶温度、活化能和有效频率因子,并抑制了晶体生长,但存在α-锂辉石向β-锂辉石转变;氟化合物降低了析晶温度和活化能,因而不存在晶相转变过程,但晶体生长速度加快;氟、磷化合物同存可以调整了玻璃的析晶动力学参数,改善玻璃的析晶能力,细化晶粒,能获得所需晶相及显微结构.     

用熔制法制备含着色剂Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2玻璃的核化及晶化

用熔制法制备含混合着色剂(Fe2O3 Co2O3 Ni2O3)的Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2(LAS)玻璃,利用可见-紫外光谱、差热分析、X射线衍射及扫描电镜等方法分析了着色剂成分对LAS玻璃着色、核化及晶化过程的影响规律.结果表明:混合着色离子在可见光范围重叠吸收导致LAS玻璃显黑色;着色剂的加入使LAS玻璃析晶峰温度增加50～100 ℃,且高Co含量玻璃的析晶峰温度要高于高Ni含量的玻璃,但着色剂基本不影响LAS玻璃的核化以及晶相组成;含着色剂LAS玻璃适宜的核化温度为610 ℃,晶化温度为900～930 ℃.     

高含量ZnO对Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2系统微晶玻璃晶化和性能的影响

采用差热分析、X-射线衍射分析和扫描电镜等分析手段研究了高含量ZnO对Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2系统微晶玻璃晶化和性能的影响.结果表明随着ZnO由9wt%增加到11wt%,该系统玻璃转变温度降低,晶化峰值温度降低,最佳成核温度从755±2℃降至745±2℃.通过计算,样品的晶化活化能E和晶化指数n分别为303±3(kJ/mol)、286±3(kJ/mol)、278±3(kJ/mol)和2.9±0.2、3.1±0.2、3.4±0.2.说明了ZnO在能降低玻璃熔融温度的同时能促进玻璃晶化,但ZnO含量达到11wt%时,其热膨胀系数发生突变.     

晶核剂对Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃晶化过程和性能的影响

采用差热分析(DTA)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)等分析手段研究了TiO2和TiO2+ZrO2两种晶核剂对Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃晶化过程和性能的影响.结果发现,与采用TiO2单一晶核剂相比,TiO2+ZrO2复合晶核剂后所得玻璃的析晶活化能E降低,晶化指数n加大,体积析晶趋势加大;当两种玻璃成核温度和时间相同,各自在最佳的晶化温度晶化后,均可得到纳米结构的β-锂辉石固溶体晶相,其中采用TiO2+ZrO2复合晶核剂样品的晶粒更细小,抗弯强度更高.     

Structural dependence of crystallization in phosphorus-containing sodium aluminoborosilicate glasses

The article reports on the structural dependence of crystallization in Na₂O–Al₂O₃–B₂O₃–P₂O₅–SiO₂-based glasses over a broad compositional space. The structure of melt-quenched glasses has been investigated using ¹¹B, ²⁷Al, ²⁹Si, and ³¹P magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectroscopy, while the crystallization behavior has been followed using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy. In general, the integration of phosphate into the sodium aluminoborosilicate network is mainly accomplished via the formation of Al–O–P and B–O–P linkages with the possibility of formation of Si–O–P linkages playing only a minor role. In terms of crystallization, at low concentrations (≤5 mol.%), P₂O₅ promotes the crystallization of nepheline (NaAlSiO₄), while at higher concentrations (≥10 mol.%), it tends to suppress (completely or incompletely depending on the glass chemistry) the crystallization in glasses. When correlating the structure of glasses with their crystallization behavior, the MAS NMR results highlight the importance of the substitution/replacement of Si–O–Al linkages by Al–O–P, Si–O–B, and B–O–P linkages in the suppression of nepheline crystallization in glasses. The results have been discussed in the context of (1) the problem of nepheline crystallization in Hanford high-level waste glasses and (2) designing vitreous waste forms for the immobilization of phosphate-rich dehalogenated Echem salt waste.     

Rapid crystallization of Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 glass ceramics via ultra-fast high-temperature sintering (UHS)

Lithium aluminum germanium phosphate solid electrolyte is a promising candidate for all-solid-state batteries. The currently available processing techniques based on melting-quenching require a rather lengthy crystallization step lasting up to 8 hours. In this work, the newly emerged ultra-fast high-temperature sintering (UHS) was proposed to achieve in a single step reactive consolidation of powder mixture (GeO₂, Al(PO₃)₃, LiPO₃) and crystallization of the electrolyte within 16 minutes. Samples produced using UHS had a better phase purity, reduced Li loss, and improved ionic conductivity when compared to the counterparts prepared using conventional crystallization at 850°C for 6 h. In fact, specimens prepared by UHS achieved a crystallinity of 90% and ionic conductivity as high as 1.31 × 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹.     

添加V2O5对SiO2-Al2O3-MgO系微晶玻璃析晶的影响

为了探讨V2O5对SiO2-Al2O3-MgO系微晶玻璃的析晶的影响,制备了添加质量分数为8%V2O5的玻璃.用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)与电子探针(EPMA)等技术研究了玻璃的析晶特征.结果表明:与未添加V2O5的试样相比,V2O5加入促进了玻璃在较低的温度下析晶.在630℃保温3h后,在玻璃中已开始析出莫来石晶体.随着析晶温度的提高和保温时间的延长,在试样中同时析出莫来石和云母晶体,云母晶体的尺寸和数量逐渐提高,晶体所占体积百分数逐渐增大,而莫来石晶体的尺寸变化不明显,最终形成均匀分布的云母/莫来石复合体.当析晶温度达到1050℃时,玻璃中晶体的析出反而减少,晶体的相互交错度与所占的体积百分数均有所降低.EPMA结果显示试样析晶后,V2O5留在残余玻璃中,表明V2O5没有参与晶体的直接形核,而是以网络外体的形式存在于玻璃体系中,削弱了玻璃的结构,导致晶体析出温度降低.     

Sintering of a Crystallizable CaO-B2O3-SiO2 Glass with Silver

Effects of Ag addition on sintering of a crystallizable CaO-B₂O₃-SiO₂ glass have been investigated at 700°–900°C in different atmospheres. With Ag content increasing in the range of 1–10 vol%, the softening point, the densification, the onset crystallization temperature, and the total amount of crystalline phase formed of the crystallizable glass are reduced when fired in air. A bloating phenomenon is observed when the crystallizable CaO-B₂O₃-SiO₂ glass doped with 1–10 vol% Ag is fired at 700°–900°C for 1–4 h. Fired in N₂ or N₂+ 1% H₂, however, the above phenomena disappear completely. It is thus believed that the diffusion of Ag into the crystallizable glass, which is caused by the oxidation of Ag in air, is the root cause for the above results observed.     

La2O3的添加对P2O5-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃性能的影响

以ZrO2为晶核剂,根据DSC图谱制定合理的热处理制度,制备了磷扩散源P2O5-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃。采用XRD分析观察了P2O5-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃的析晶状况,热膨胀仪测试了该微晶玻璃的膨胀系数,分析La2O3的含量对P2O5-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃在高温下释放P2O5速率的影响。结果表明:随着La2O3含量增加,P2O5-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃中晶体含量增加,主晶相未发生改变,都为磷酸锆晶体;同时,该微晶玻璃的热膨胀系数相对降低,P2O5的释放速率也随之增加。     

热处理制度对Li20-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃晶化过程和性能的影响

采用熔融法获得了以 TiO2+ZrO2 和 P2O5 为复合晶核剂的 LiO-Al2 O3-SiO2 系统基础玻璃,通过差热分析和正交实验的方法确定了使该玻璃微晶化的热处理制度,获得了不同热处理制度下 Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2 系统低膨胀微晶玻璃.利用 X 射线衍射分析和扫描电子显微镜对晶化样品的物相和微观结构进行了研究;讨论了热处理制度对玻璃的晶化过程及热膨胀系数的影响.研究结果表明:不同热处理温度下的微晶玻璃均可以得到具有细小等轴晶粒的组织结构,材料的热膨胀系数较低;析晶初始温度下首先析出的晶相为β-石英固溶体,随晶化温度升高β-石英固溶体转变为β-锂辉石固溶体,晶化温度进一步升高,β-锂辉石固溶体结晶完全,材料的热膨胀系数更低.     

玻璃组成对Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2系统微晶玻璃膨胀系数的影响

以Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2系统微晶玻璃的标准样的组成为基础配方,改变玻璃组成中各种氧化物的含量,采用传统的熔融法制备了Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2系统微晶玻璃,利用SEM、XRD、DTA及热膨胀系数测定等分析手段,重点研究了玻璃组成中Li2O、Al2O3、SiO2的含量对微晶玻璃热膨胀系数的影响.研究结果表明:在标准试样的基础上,改变Li2O的含量,对热膨胀系数影响很大;热膨胀系数随Al2O3含量增大而增大,而SiO2含量的变化,对热膨胀系数影响不大.     

P2O5对Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2系统玻璃结构和分相的影响

通过制备25Na2O-(25-x)Al2O3-50SiO2-xP2O5(x≤25mol％)系统玻璃,并且采用Raman和SEM,研究了高含量P2 O5对Na2 O-Al2 O3-SiO2系统玻璃结构和分相的影响.结果表明:随着P2 O5的不断加入,作为电价平衡体的Na+被逐渐释放,并且充当了网络改变体的角色,造成了硅酸盐网络结构聚合度降低,而磷酸盐网络结构聚合度增大.随着P2 O5的不断加入且Al/P<1时,该系统玻璃发生稳定分相,而且分相机理也由成核-生长转变为亚稳分解.     

Fe2O3对铜尾矿基CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2微晶玻璃析晶行为的影响

以铜尾矿为主要原料,通过熔融法制备CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂(CMAS)微晶玻璃,并外掺Fe₂O₃晶核剂对细粒级铜尾矿基CMAS微晶玻璃析晶行为进行优化。利用DSC、XRD和SEM等手段研究了晶核剂用量对细粒级铜尾矿基CMAS微晶玻璃析晶行为和物理性能的影响,借助Ozawa-Chen法拟合计算了析晶动力学参数。结果表明,外掺Fe₂O₃晶核剂用量大于3.72%(质量分数)时,细粒级铜尾矿制备的微晶玻璃可以实现整体析晶。辉石相的析出是玻璃相中的Fe、Mg元素进入[Si(Al)O₄] 四面体晶格配位的结果,Fe³⁺的增加有利于辉石相的析出并降低了析晶活化能,外掺Fe₂O₃晶核剂能够较好地优化细粒级铜尾矿基微晶玻璃的析晶行为和力学性能。     

含氟、磷Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2系玻璃的核化行为研究

以Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2三元系(LAS)微晶玻璃为研究对象,采用DTA测试技术研究了含磷无氟和含磷有氟LAS玻璃的核化行为,分析了氟、磷离子对LAS玻璃核化过程的影响机制。研究结果表明,氟、磷离子对LAS玻璃的核化过程有不同的作用机制,含氟磷玻璃的最佳核化制度为700℃/1h,而含磷玻璃为740℃/1.5h。氟离子降低了析晶峰温度和核化温度,改善了玻璃的核化及晶化过程,而磷离子增加了核化温度,延长了核化时间。     

SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-MgO-Fe2O3-ZrO2-F系玻璃陶瓷的析晶

应用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射及示差扫描量热法等技术研究了一种SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-MgO-Fe2O3-ZrO-F玻璃陶瓷析晶特征和组织形貌.结果表明:玻璃转变温度为725 ℃左右,在730 ℃后形成了分布均匀的孔状非晶态分相现象.在第一放热峰温度(820 ℃)析晶时,玻璃样品为表面析晶,析出晶体为钙长石(CaAl2Si2O8)和硅灰石(CaSiO3).从表面向内部分别形成枝状晶体、枝状晶体和粒状晶体、粒状晶体三层不同的表面析晶形态.在1040 ℃保温后,玻璃样品中表面析晶和整体析晶共存,析出晶相均以钙长石为主.     

Effect of P2O5 on the Nonisothermal Sinter‐Crystallization Process of a Lithium Aluminum Silicate Glass

Dense (~98.5%), lithium aluminum silicate glass‐ceramics were obtained via the sinter‐crystallization of glass particle compacts at relatively low temperatures, that is, 790–875°C. The effect of P₂O₅ on the glass‐ceramics' sinter‐crystallization behavior was evaluated. We found that P₂O₅ does not modify the surface crystallization mechanism but instead delays the crystallization kinetics, which facilitates viscous flow sintering. Our glass‐ceramics had virgilite (Li_xAl_xSi_3‐xO₆; 0.5 < x < 1), a crystal size <1 μm, and a linear thermal expansion coefficient of 2.1 × 10^?6°C^?1 in the temperature range 40–500°C. The overall heat treatment to obtain these GCs was quite short, at ~25 min.     

Effect of Li2O on the crystallization behavior of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-Li2O-Ce2O3 mold slags

The effect of Li₂O on the crystallization properties of CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-Li₂O-Ce₂O₃ slags was investigated. With increasing the Li₂O content, LiAlO₂ and CaCeAlO₄ were the main crystalline phases. LiAlO₂ formed for the charge compensating of Li⁺ ions to [AlO₄^5?]-tetrahedrons, and CaCeAlO₄ formed as a result of the charge balance of Ce³⁺ ions, Ca²⁺ ions, and [AlO₆^9?]-octahedrons. Increasing the content of Li₂O to 10%, the crystallization temperature was the highest, and the incubation time was the shortest. The crystallization ability was strong due to the three factors of strengthening the interaction between ions and ion groups, decreasing the polymerization degree, and increasing the melting temperature. Further increasing the content of Li₂O, the crystallization performance was obviously suppressed, because the melting temperature and the force between the cations and the anion groups decreased.     

Nonisothermal crystallization kinetics and stability of leucite and kalsilite from K2O-Al2O3-SiO2 glasses

The crystallization mechanisms and elemental stability of leucite and kalsilite formed from K₂O-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ glasses were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Raman spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Glass samples with compositions along the leucite-kalsilite tie-line were produced by melt processing and were then heat-treated at 850, 950, and 1250°C for times ranging from 5 minutes to 1000 hours. Kalsilite is an unstable phase that behaves as an intermediate precursor to leucite. Crystalline materials in which kalsilite is the major phase lose potassium upon prolonged heat treatment (1000 hours at 1250°C), in contrast to those with leucite, in which little or no compositional alteration is detected. The formation of leucite from stoichiometric kalsilite is accompanied by the formation of potassium-doped alumina. The activation energies for leucite and kalsilite crystallization, determined via application of the Kissinger equation to thermal analysis data, were 579 and 548 kJ/mol, respectively. Finally, production of pure leucite can be achieved with more favorable crystallization kinetics when starting with off-stoichiometric compositions.