Structural modification of soy protein by the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde

BACKGROUND: Protein oxidation results in covalent modification of structure and deterioration of functional properties of target protein. Oxidation extent of soy protein was affected by the content and type of lipid peroxidation (LPO) products in defatted soybean flours during storage and processing. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was selected as a secondary byproduct of LPO to investigate the effects of oxidative modification of LPO‐derived reactive aldehyde on soy protein structure. RESULTS: MDA reacted with ε‐amino and sulfhydryl groups of soy protein, and resulted in an increase in protein carbonyl groups but a decrease in sulfhydryl/disulfide, free amines and lysine. The decrease in solubility, surface hydrophobicity and intrinsic fluorescence indirectly indicated that MDA induced soy protein aggregation, and results of high‐performance size‐exclusion chromatography directly showed that gradual aggregation of soy protein was induced by increasing concentration of MDA. Results of electrophoresis indicated that MDA caused soy protein aggregation, and non‐disulfide covalent bonds were involved in aggregate formation. CONCLUSION: The results showed that sensitivity of soy protein was related to MDA concentration. Soy protein gradually aggregated with increase of MDA concentration; β‐conglycinin was more sensitive to MDA modification than glycinin. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

丙二醛氧化对大米蛋白功能性质的影响

以新收获籼米为原料制备大米蛋白,采用不同浓度丙二醛氧化大米蛋白,研究丙二醛氧化对大米蛋白功能性质的影响。结果表明:随着丙二醛浓度的增加,氧化大米蛋白的羰基和二硫键含量增加,游离巯基含量下降,表明大米蛋白发生了氧化。当丙二醛浓度从0增加到100 mmol/L时,氧化大米蛋白溶解性从28.88%降低至12.20%,持水性从353.67%降低至132.33%,持油性从89.40%上升至189.40%,起泡能力和泡沫稳定性分别从74.27%和54.06%降低至57.56%和38.01%,乳化性和乳化稳定性分别从55.32 m2/g和97.59 min降低至45.13 m2/g和75.29 min,表明丙二醛氧化对大米蛋白功能性质有负面影响。这一结果为进一步改善大米蛋白功能性质提供了有效基础。      

肉制品中脂肪氧化与蛋白质氧化及相互影响

近年来,食品中脂肪氧化与蛋白质氧化之间的联系在国内外引起了广泛关注。肉制品中脂肪及蛋白质的氧化能产生特征风味,但更多的是引起风味的劣化和颜色的褪变,且脂肪氧化和蛋白氧化之间是相互关联的,彼此相互促进。针对由脂肪氧化和蛋白质氧化影响肉制品品质的问题,就脂肪氧化与蛋白质氧化机理、肉制品中脂肪与蛋白质氧化的相互影响关系及控制措施进行综述。     

Structural modification of soy protein by the lipid peroxidation product acrolein

Acrolein was selected as a representative secondary byproduct of lipid peroxidation to investigate the effect of oxidative modification of reactive aldehyde on soy protein structure. Acrolein reacted with histidine, lysine and cysteine residues in soy protein to form covalent adducts, leading to protein carbonylation and degradation of sulfhydryl groups. Circular dichroism spectra showed that soy protein modification by acrolein was related to loss of α-helix and increase of β-sheet structure. The decrease in solubility, surface hydrophobicity and intrinsic fluorescence indirectly implied that acrolein induced soy protein aggregation, and results obtained by size-exclusion chromatography directly showed that gradual aggregation of soy protein was induced by increasing concentration of acrolein. Results of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that acrolein caused soy protein cross-linking which non-disulphide covalent bonds were involved in the formation of cross-linking, and subunits of β-conglycinin were more vulnerable to acrolein than that of glycinin.     

猪血浆蛋白水解物对水包油型乳状液氧化稳定性的影响

本实验主要研究了猪血浆蛋白水解物（Porcine plasma protein hydrolysate,PPPH）对水包油型（O/W型）乳状液储藏过程氧化稳定性的影响。分别将PPPH以0、2.5、5、10和20 mg/m L的浓度添加到以Tween-20为乳化剂的菜籽油O/W型乳状液中,测定乳状液在37℃条件下储藏10 d时间内的荧光光谱分析、共轭二烯（Conjugated diene,CD）和硫代巴比妥酸值（Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances,TBARS）的变化趋势。研究结果表明,色氨酸的氧化降解发生在蛋白氧化的初级阶段,而荧光蛋白氧化产物（Fluorescent protein oxidation products,FP）的形成是蛋白氧化第二阶段的产物。另外,在乳化体系储藏期间,与对照组相比,添加2.5 mg/m L PPPH的处理组具有最高的色氨酸荧光强度和FP（p<0.05）,同时具有最低的CD和TBARS值（p<0.05）。与此同时,色氨酸荧光强度与CD含量和TBARS值之间呈现显著的负相关关系。总之,PPPH的添加能够显著提高O/W型乳状液的氧化稳定性,为其作为抗氧化剂在乳状液食品中的潜在应用奠定了理论基础。      

大米蛋白酶解物体外清除自由基及抗脂质过氧化作用的研究

采用比色法测定了不同剂量的大米蛋白酶解物对清除超氧阴离子、羟自由基、DPPH自由基及抗脂质过氧化的作用。结果表明:(1)大米蛋白酶解物能有效地清除自由基O_2~-·、OH~-及DPPH,在50 mgpro/mL时,对活性氧自由基清除最佳;(2)大米蛋白酶解物可抑制小鼠肝组织的脂质过氧化,尤其对Fe~(2+)诱导的肝组织过氧化损伤更具有保护作用且在50 mgpro/mL时作用最强;能减少红细胞溶血的发生;(3)大米蛋白酶解物在体外试验中具有抗氧化活性,且在10～50 mgpro/mL作用最佳。     

Lipid oxidation of brown rice stored at different temperatures

Changes in lipid oxidation and quality of brown rice stored at different temperatures were investigated. Fatty acid value (FAV), peroxide value (POV) and carbonyl value (CV) of brown rice were determined every 45 day for 270 day. Volatile compounds in seven samples stored for 0, 135 and 270 day were also identified. Relationships between volatile compounds and oxidative indices were analysed. Results revealed that the FAV, POV and CV of brown rice significantly increased (P < 0.05) with prolonged storage. Samples stored at low temperatures showed lower FAV, POV and CV than those stored at high temperatures. Brown rice stored under different conditions produced similar volatiles. Based on the principal component analysis of the volatiles, the first two principal components explained 58.20% of the variance. Volatiles of PC1 were correlated with FAV, POV and CV and can be used as an index to assess the quality of stored brown rice.     

米糟制备大米蛋白研究

以米糟为原料对四种制备大米蛋白不同方法,即碱蛋白酶两步法、水溶液洗涤法、淀粉酶除杂法和非淀粉酶除杂法进行比较;研究结果发现,后三种方法在制备大米蛋白时得率(>85%)和纯度(>80%)明显高于第一种方法得率(约69.2%)和纯度(约70%)。     

大米蛋白功能性研究进展

大米蛋白是一种高营养、低过敏性优质植物蛋白源,具有很高开发价值和良好应用前景。该文介绍大米蛋白的结构、组成,并对目前国内外有关大米蛋白功能性质研究进行综述。     

影响补铁剂脂质体脂质氧化的因素分析

脂质氧化是补铁剂脂质体稳定性的主要指标之一,为明确内外因素对补铁剂脂质体脂质氧化的影响,以TBA法测定脂质体中丙二醛(MDA)含量,并以此为评价指标,考察了壁材组成、芯壁比、芯材类型、p H、温度、超声等主要因素对补铁剂脂质体脂质氧化的影响。实验结果显示,在壁材组成(蛋黄卵磷脂:胆固醇,EPC∶CHOL)为8∶1(wt./wt.)时脂质氧化程度最低;随着芯壁比的降低脂质氧化程度下降;越短、超声功率越低越能有效降低补铁剂脂质体的脂质氧化程度,提高其稳定性。这为补铁剂脂质体的合理生产,以及提高其贮藏和应用过程中的稳定性提供了科学依据。     

Lipid and protein oxidation of chicken breast rolls as affected by dietary oxidation levels and packaging

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary treatment and packaging on the oxidative stability of breast rolls. A total of 120 4-wk-old broiler chickens were randomly assigned to control, oxidized diet (5% oxidized oil, PV = 100), or antioxidants-added diet (500 IU vitamin E + 200 ppm BHA) and fed for 2 wk. Breast muscles were separated from the carcasses and breast rolls were prepared. The rolls were cooked in a smoke house (85 °C) to an internal temperature of 74 °C, cooled, sliced to 2-cm thick pieces, individually packaged in oxygen permeable bags or vacuum-packaged in oxygen impermeable bags, and stored in a 4 °C cold room for 7 d. Lipid, protein oxidation and volatiles were determined at 1, 4, and 7 d of storage. Dietary supplementation of antioxidants significantly reduced lipid oxidation (TBARS) and protein oxidation (carbonyls) in breast rolls, and the effect of dietary antioxidants on lipid oxidation was more pronounced than protein oxidation. Chicken breast rolls from antioxidants treatment group produced significantly lower amounts of hexanal and pentanal than those from control and oxidized oil treatments (P < 0.05). However, dietary oxidized oil did not increase lipid and protein oxidation in breast rolls. Vacuum-packaging significantly delayed the onset of lipid oxidation and protein oxidation in chicken rolls during 7-day refrigerated storage (P < 0.05). Therefore, it is suggested that appropriate use of dietary supplementation of antioxidants in combination with packaging could minimize lipid oxidation in chicken breast rolls.     

过氧自由基氧化对米糠蛋白体外胃蛋白酶消化性质的影响

采用不同浓度的2,2'-盐酸脒基丙烷(AAPH)有氧热分解产生的过氧自由基氧化米糠蛋白,研究过氧自由基氧化对米糠蛋白体外胃蛋白酶消化和消化产物抗氧化性质的影响。结果表明:随着AAPH浓度的增加,米糠蛋白体外胃蛋白酶消化率和初始消化速率先上升后下降,在AAPH浓度为1 mmol/L时达到最大值;过氧自由基氧化米糠蛋白体外胃蛋白酶消化产物中分子质量分布在500～1 500 u的肽含量呈现先上升后下降的趋势,在AAPH浓度为1 mmol/L时达到最大值25.19%。随着AAPH浓度的增加,过氧自由基氧化米糠蛋白体外胃蛋白酶消化产物清除ABTS~+·、DPPH·、·OH、O_2~-·的能力以及金属螯合能力、还原能力均先上升后下降,最大值均出现在AAPH浓度为1 mmol/L时。结果表明,过氧自由基轻度氧化可提高米糠蛋白体外胃蛋白酶消化率和消化产物的抗氧化性,而过度氧化则降低米糠蛋白体外胃蛋白酶消化率和消化产物的抗氧化性。     

过氧自由基氧化修饰对大米蛋白功能性质的影响

采用不同浓度2,2’-盐酸脒基丙烷(AAPH)热降解形成的过氧自由基氧化大米蛋白,研究过氧自由基氧化对大米蛋白功能性质的影响。结果表明:大米蛋白羰基含量随AAPH浓度的增加而上升,表明过氧自由基诱使大米蛋白发生了氧化;随着AAPH浓度的增加,大米蛋白Zeta电位绝对值、溶解性、持水性、起泡性和乳化性下降,持油性上升,其中Zeta电位绝对值下降45.70%,溶解性下降28.04%,持水性下降58.02%,起泡能力下降14.61%,泡沫稳定性下降9.66%,乳化性下降16.85%,乳化稳定性下降9.23%,持油性上升34.84%,表明过氧自由基氧化使得大米蛋白功能性质发生了显著变化。     

自由基氧化对中国对虾肌原纤维蛋白的影响

本实验研究经自由基氧化体系处理过的中国对虾肌原纤维蛋白,由于蛋白质氧化而引起的中国对虾肌原纤维蛋白结构以及性质的变化,包括羰基含量,二聚酪氨酸含量、巯基含量以及肌原纤维蛋白表面疏水性,并通过SDSPAGE来观察蛋白质氧化后的降解情况。其中,模拟氧化采用自由基氧化体系（包含FeCl₃和抗坏血酸浓度为0.1 mmol/L,过氧化氢浓度为0、1、5、10 mmol/L）分别氧化1、3和5 h。实验结果显示,经自由基氧化体系氧化后的中国对虾肌原纤维蛋白的羰基含量、二聚酪氨酸含量和表面的疏水性随着氧化剂浓度的增加以及氧化时间的增长而显著升高（p<0.05）,并且自由巯基含量显著下降（p<0.05）。由SDS-PAGE凝胶可以看出,不同氧化剂浓度处理后的蛋白质降解情况也有显著差异。由此可以得出,自由基氧化可以影响中国对虾肌原纤维蛋白的羰基含量、二聚酪氨酸含量、巯基含量、肌原纤维蛋白表面疏水性以及蛋白质的降解程度。      

Structural modification of soy protein by 13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid

To reveal the role of primary products of lipid peroxidation during soy protein oxidation process, oxidative modification of soy protein by 13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HPODE) generated by lipoxygenase-catalyzed oxidation of linoleic acid was investigated in this article. Incubation of soy protein with increasing concentration of 13-HPODE resulted in generation of protein carbonyl derivatives and loss of protein sulfhydryl groups. Circular dichroism spectra indicated that exposure of soy protein to 13-HPODE led to loss of α-helix structure. Effect of oxidation on tertiary structure was demonstrated by surface hydrophobicity and tryptophan fluorescence. Surface hydrophobicity gradually decreased, accompanied by loss and burial of some tryptophan residues. The results of surface hydrophobicity and tryptophan fluorescence implied that aggregation was induced by oxidation. Size exclusion chromatogram indicated that the extent of aggregation was increased in a 13-HPODE dose-dependent manner. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that non-disulfide linkages were involved in aggregate formation, and β-conglycinin was more vulnerable to 13-HPODE than glycinin.     

大米蛋白提取工艺研究

该文综述目前国内外提取大米蛋白最常用方法,阐述碱法提取、酶法提取、溶剂提取、物理分离、复合提取等法优缺点,概述国内外大米蛋白产品研究及开发利用现状,并对其前景进行展望。     

丙二醛氧化对米糠蛋白结构及功能性质的影响

选取丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）代表脂质过氧化反应中的活性次生氧化产物,借助蛋白质化学理论和谱学分析技术等手段,研究脂质过氧化产物对米糠蛋白结构和功能性质以及构效关系的影响。结果表明,米糠蛋白羰基含量随MDA氧化诱导浓度的增加而增大,而游离氨基含量逐渐减少。米糠蛋白α-螺旋和β-折叠含量随MDA氧化诱导浓度增加逐渐增大,β-转角结构和无规卷曲结构随之呈现逐渐降低的变化趋势。MDA氧化诱导的米糠蛋白色氨酸荧光λmax逐渐蓝移。低氧化诱导浓度下MDA对米糠蛋白亚基组成无显著影响,随着MDA氧化诱导浓度增加,分子质量为53、49、36、21、14 kDa的亚基归属条带均有所变浅,条带逐渐变窄,并且分子质量为36、21、14 kDa的亚基逐渐消失。随着MDA氧化诱导浓度的增大,米糠蛋白粒径、多分散指数、浊度及泡沫稳定性均随之逐渐增大,而氧化米糠蛋白溶解度、表面疏水性、乳化性、乳化稳定性和起泡性逐渐降低。