吉林：6项工作确保城市棚户区改造顺利进行

为确保吉林省城市棚户区改造工作顺利进行，吉林省棚户区改造领导小组办公室日前召开由北京、大连以及省内的多家房地产开发商参加的座谈会，充分倾听和征求房地产开发商对棚户区改造工作的意见。     

辽宁省突出工矿棚户区改造创特色经验

2005年，李克强同志在辽宁工作期间，率先启动了大规模城市棚户区改造。截止2012年底，辽宁省改造各类棚户区87．54万户，累计完成住房保障171万户，保障覆盖面超过15％。在全面推进城市、林区、垦区棚户区改造基础上，突出国有工矿棚户区改造重点，创造了辽宁特点和辽宁特色，主要体现在九个方而：     

武汉市棚户区发展对策与改造规划探析

武汉市城市和国有工矿棚户区改造专项规划在辨析棚户区、危旧房等相关概念的基础上,制定出棚户区改造的发展对策,针对棚户区改造方式、安置房源、套型标准等重大问题提出实施措施.进步提出了棚户区改造规划的“3步骤法”,进而划定棚户区改造对象和范围、确定改造总量和安排年度计划,对其他城市棚户区改造工作具有借鉴价值.     

新疆：乌鲁木齐市加快棚户区改造

乌鲁木齐市棚户区改造将进一步加大力度，力争用3年时间，基本完成城市建成区棚户区改造任务。     

动态

正广西启动棚户区改造三年攻坚计划5月15日,自治区人民政府召开全区棚户区改造工作电视电话会议。会议提出,广西将更大规模推进2018—2020年三年棚户区改造攻坚计划(以下称"三年计划"),计划将优先改造连片规模较大、住房条件困难、安全隐患严重、环境较差、居民改造意愿迫切的项目;重点改造达到C级、D级的现有国有工矿棚户区、林区棚户区、垦区棚户区、城市危房、城市棚户区和城市建成区内的城中村项目。     

短讯

刘洪涛陈海勤到郑州铁路局棚户区调研 3月14日下午,省住房和城乡建设厅厅长刘洪涛、副厅长陈海勤一行,到郑州铁路局调研棚户区改造情况,并实地查看了经开集团棚户区和郑铁北站宿舍棚户区改造项目。刘洪涛强调,大力实施铁路系统棚户区改造,并以此推动全省城市和国有工矿棚户区改造工作,是省委省政府的要求。希望郑州铁路局把工作做扎实,确保年底前基本完成改造任务。住房保障处处长干战应陪同调研。     

浅谈大型棚户区建设中的监理工作

依据近3年的棚户区改造项目管理经验,总结了棚户区改造监理工作的特点和管理特色,分析了监理在安全、质量管理方面应做的工作和棚户区改造技术创新应用案例,阐明监理工作在大型棚户区改造项目建设中的重要性。     

棚户区改造项目PPP模式应用研究

根据棚户区改造特点和PPP模式的适用性,探讨棚户区改造项目应用PPP模式的可行性。然后构建棚户区改造项目PPP结构、运作流程并提出运作的关键问题。最后根据其运作的关键问题给出应用PPP模式改造棚户区项目的建议,以期为我国棚户区改造项目的融资提供一定的参考。     

棚户区改造的政策发展

正一、棚户区改造的历史进程(一)起步和探索阶段2005年,辽宁省探索实施城市棚户区改造,提出用两到三年时间基本完成全省城市集中连片棚户区改造任务。当年国务院在大连召开东北地区中央下放煤矿棚户区改造试点工作座谈会。建设部印发《关于推进东北地区棚户区改造工作的指导意见》,提出因地制宜,多种方式推进棚户区改造,加大基础设施配套力度。2007年,《国务院关于解决城市低收     

枣庄市重民生促发展强力改造棚户区

一、棚户区概况 作为传统的资源枯竭型城市,枣庄市棚户区改造任务十分艰巨,截至2012年底,全市累计改造棚户区10.1万户,开工建设安置房10.8万套,竣工5.6万套,完成投资520亿元.按照住房城乡建设部等七部门《关于加快推进棚户区(危旧房)改造的通知》(建保[2012] 190号)做好棚户区(危旧房)摸底调查要求,经认真摸底核实,枣庄市截止2012年底剩余棚户区15009户,2013-2015年枣庄市计划改造棚户区12396户,其中2013年枣庄市计划改造棚户区4182户,占剩余改造任务量的34％;2014枣庄市计划改造棚户区4084户,占剩余改造任务量的33％;2015年枣庄市计划改造棚户区4130户,占剩余改造任务量的33％;剩余2613户棚户区计划安排在2015年后进行改造.     

The physical face of slums: a structural comparison of slums in Mumbai,India, based on remotely sensed data

The term “slum” is difficult to define, but if we see one, we know it. Definitions for slums are qualitative such as “areas of people lacking, for example, durable housing or easy access to safe water”. This study aims at identifying characteristic physical features of the built environment that allows defining slum areas based on quantitative and measurable parameters. In general, spatial data on slums are generalized, outdated, or even nonexistent. The bird’s eye view of remotely sensed data is capable to provide an independent, area-wide spatial overview, to capture the complex morphological pattern and at the same time capture the large-scale individual objects typical for slums. Using high-resolution optical satellite data, parameters such as building density, building heights, and sizes are used to differentiate between slums and formal settlements. From it, the physical features are used to analyze structural homogeneity and heterogeneities within and across slums and to suggest characteristic physical features for spatial slum delineation at three study sites in Mumbai, India.     

Slum improvement in India: determinants and approaches

This paper investigates living conditions in Indian slums, extent of improvement of basic services between 2002 and 2012 and determinants of improvement based on National Sample Survey data. The pace of slum improvement has increased over the study period. Slums devoid of basic services have reduced in 2012 as compared to 2002. Security of tenure, strengthened especially through notification of slums, appears to be one of the most important determinants of slum upgradation. Improvements of electricity and water supply spur improvements of other basic services. Better approach roads lead to better housing but motorable pucca (tarmac) approach road or proximity to motorable road reduces likelihood of better housing. Government is the major provider of services in slums. The role of NGOs in improvement of basic services within slums has declined over time along with decline in associations for slum improvement. The paper advocates transfer of full property rights to slum dwellers and integration of different institutions for slum improvement.     

Policy,politics and leadership in slum upgrading: A comparative analysis of Harare and Kampala

Slum upgrading is one of the preferred options in dealing with ubiquitous informality in cities across the world. Drawing on experiences in two African cities namely Harare and Kampala; the article focuses on the role of policy, politics and leadership in slum upgrading. This paper is based on interviews conducted with urban leaders and managers, politicians, slum dwellers federation members and government officials. With regards to slum upgrading, the paper makes three arguments. First, policies guiding upgrading should evolve gradually over time, taking into consideration lessons learned. Second, tensions in party-politics tend to undermine slum upgrading programmes. This is mainly because of the vulnerability of informal settlers who are often used as sources and resources for political agency. Third, leadership at the city level plays a fundamental role in diffusing party-politics and championing inclusive municipal governance, and development.     

The Social Implications of Urban Redevelopment

Urban redevelopment, because it usually displaces the poorest of the city's population, raises issues of the underprivileged in contemporary America: the persistence of racial intolerance; the growing pressure on minorities to assimilate the values of the dominant culture; the failure of the world's richest nation to deploy its resources effectively against squalor and deprivation. Whether the aims of redevelopment center on the people moved, or on the revitalization of the city, the program cannot achieve its purposes so long as slum communities are merely displaced or scattered. Efforts to integrate slum communities with the wider society must reckon with resistances inherent in the culture of slums. To eliminate slums, measures are needed that will raise the status of slum communities.     

Slum-upgrading trough physical or socio-economic improvement? lessons from Bandung,Indonesia

Since the 1970s, slums and squatters upgrading programs have been in the discussion of scholars. The main question addressed is to what extent the programs contribute to the improvement of slum dwellers' livelihood. Based on a longitudinal study on such programs in Bandung, this study aims to compare the' programs' result on five productive assets of the community five years or more after the project completion.In Bandung, at the beginning, the programs were focused on physical improvements based on the assumption that if the physical condition is good and the tenure security is improved, then the people will help themselves. The reality, however, was different; there were no significant achievements in poverty reduction. The second generation incorporated social concern through participatory planning. The third generation attempted to improve the quality of life of squatters or slum dwellers by improving the physical condition of the slums and squatters and the dwellers' social and economic conditions after project completion.The paper argues that while the first generation of slum upgrading did not show any direct significant contribution to poverty reduction (both during and by the end of project life), the physical facilities that it developed, (which are of much better qualities and thus last much longer than facilities built in the second and third generation), indirectly enable the social economic improvement of slum-dwellers in the long term.

     

Resettlement of Slum Dwellers, Land Tenure Security and Improved Housing, Living and Environmental Conditions at Madina Estate, Accra, Ghana

This research illustrates and analyses the effects of land tenure security on two groups of low-income slum dwellers of Accra (the Ghanaian capital) who have been resettled in 1975 and 1993. The problem of squatting in Accra has been attributed to deficits in housing supply and the high rents of decent accommodation which have left some of the poor with little or no choice but to squat illegally on private or public property. Due to the failure of previous policies to solve the housing problems of the squatters in the capital, this study was conceived to verify the effects of land tenure security and assess the merits of tenure security as an alternative approach to enable low-income residents of the city to improve their housing. Even though tenure security may not be the only condition needed to improve the housing situation of the low-income people of Accra, it can nevertheless be argued that observable improvements and transformations in living conditions have occurred among low-income urbanites that have some sort of tenure security. This research was therefore driven by the central question: to what extent is there a relationship between tenure security and access to housing, and improved living and environmental conditions? A mixed method research design was adopted to draw on relevant information for the research. The study revealed that adequate resettlement of slum dwellers and granting them land tenure security indeed enhanced their access to housing, and improved their living and environmental conditions.     

Making Children Matter in Slum Transformations: Lessons from India's National Urban Renewal Mission

This paper looks at two successful slum redevelopment projects under India's flagship urban renewal mission, which mandate citizen participation and inclusive planning to create planned equitable cities. It examines how children's concerns are addressed and children's well-being is affected in the best of projects. The two case studies represent different design and planning approaches to in-situ redevelopment: (1) replacing the slum with flats; and (2) selective infill houses. The paper, in discussing the planning and design process adopted by the two projects, seeks to answer the question: what can urban design learn from children's use and activities in the urban space of slums to provide qualitatively superior local areas, and from children's perceptions of slum upgrading and redevelopment?     

The Human Face of Remodelling: Postwar ‘Slum’ Clearance in Sydney

Abstract

Past government responses to poorer areas have been to label them ‘slums’ and remodel these areas through slum clearance programmes. This article attempts to reconstruct the built environment and human infrastructure of such communities and assess the social implications of rehousing ‘slum’ dwellers in Sydney from 1944 to 1961.     

The long-term effects of housing policy instrumentation: Rio de Janeiro’s case from an actor–network theory perspective

Abstract

This paper explores the long-term effects of Rio de Janeiro’s slum upgrading, a key policy instrument of municipal housing since the 1990s, and an essential reference for housing initiatives worldwide. From a theoretical stance, this paper builds on the Political Sociology of Public Policy Instruments (PPI) and actor–network theory (ANT). The paper argues that Rio’s slum upgrading instrumentation, that is, its constitution and use, has been key to the various housing policy oscillations over the past three decades. It also contends that this instrumentation contributed to the depoliticization of the municipal housing policy through the fostering of a ‘community of practice’ centred on slum upgrading, formed by a wide range of state and non-sate actors, and based on a technical rationality. This community and its practices have weakened the political control over Rio’s housing policy in the past decades.     

Slum Tourism and Urban Regeneration: Touring Inner Johannesburg

Much attention has been paid to township tourism in South Africa, a practice of tourism that emerged in Apartheid South Africa with different organised tours catering for governmental officials, faith-based groups and anti-apartheid activists. In democratic South Africa, township tourism has developed into a mainstream tourism activity, and operators now offer township tours, township stays and other tourist activities in townships across rural and urban South Africa. Township tourism has also been one central empirical pillar of the relatively new research area of slum tourism, addressing tourism in slums and areas of relative urban poverty across the globe. Based on recent preliminary empirical research in Johannesburg, this paper shows that slum tourism can now also be observed in areas other than townships in South Africa, including perceived ‘no-go areas’ in inner-city Johannesburg. The expansion of slum tourism beyond townships in Johannesburg points to an increasingly complex picture of urban poverty in South Africa. It also allows reflections on the role of slum tourism in poverty alleviation and urban regeneration, responding to and addressing ‘territorial stigma’ and other related symbolic aspects of poverty. Analysing the motivations and perspectives of tour operators of some of these new tours, the paper finds that the new slum tourism in South Africa is pursued in order to serve as an urban development and regeneration tool from below. It responds to an absence of action or perceived failure to respond to poverty by urban policy, and its potential lies in particular in addressing invisibility, overcoming territorial stigma and empowerment of the urban poor.