藏式山地结构有限元模型修正及动力可靠度分析#br#

布达拉宫建筑群山地结构众多,其与平地结构在地震作用下的动力可靠度差异较大。对布达拉宫内典型藏式山地结构占堆康进行基于环境振动的动力特性测试,分析基础约束刚度 频率敏感域曲线,应用实测结果修正有限元模型。基于首超准则及泊松跨越假定提出改进的动力可靠度解法,将占堆康视为串联体系得到其体系可靠度,并得到基础约束刚度的变化对动力可靠度的影响规律。结果表明：动力测试结果为有限元模型的修正提供依据,藏式山地结构的基础约束刚度对结构基频影响显著,且存在敏感影响域。运用基于首超准则改进的动力可靠度方法计算动力可靠度时应合理估计基础约束刚度。     

Vertical dynamic interactions of poroelastic soils and embedded piles considering the effects of pile-soil radial deformations

The paper presents an analytical solution for the vertical dynamic interaction analysis of a poroelastic soil layer and an embedded pile with the consideration of pile-soil radial deformations. The soil is treated a three-dimensional porous continuum and described by the Boer’s poroelastic model, while the pile is treated as a two-dimensional rod with both radial and vertical deformations of which the equation of motion is derived by the Hamilton’s variational principle. Without the introduction of potential functions, first take the volumetric strain of soil skeleton and pore fluid pressure as intermediate variables to deal with the equations of motion for the soil and then use the separation of variables to solve the equations of motion for the soil and the pile. By imposing the boundary and continuity conditions of the pile-soil system, the dynamic impedance in frequency domain and the velocity response in time domain of the pile top are obtained. The present solution is then verified by comparing with the corresponding finite element model computation results and the existing solutions. The effects of the pile-soil parameters on the dynamic characteristic of the pile-soil system are also analyzed. Some significant conclusions are drawn, which can provide useful reference for related engineering practice.     

材料阻尼对钢筋混凝土框架结构动力响应影响分析

介绍应力相关复阻尼模型求解结构动力响应的方法;并在时域内考虑阻尼是一个变量,采用应力相关复阻尼模型计算一个钢筋混凝土框架结构的动力响应和结构的材料阻尼值,按相同的阻尼比,采用黏性阻尼模型计算了同一个钢筋混凝土框架结构的响应,并将结果进行对比,分析两种不同的阻尼模型对结构动力响应的影响。结果表明,结构的材料阻尼值都表现出随应力增长而增大的特性,该特性有利于增加结构的耗能,且能有效抑制结构振动响应振幅;采用不同类型的阻尼对结构响应影响很大。     

Evaluation of the indoor temperature field using a given air velocity distribution

A new method for compensating the space discretization error introduced when the fixed flow field is considered for the dynamic models of temperature distribution is presented. It is proved that the method generally used in literature is a particular solution of the proposed one. Moreover, it results in a continuous-time model, for which the integrating method becomes a free choice and a state-space representation is possible. The numerical model was experimentally validated, the comparison, both in the time and in the frequency domains, between simulation and measured results showing good agreement. The presented dynamic model increases the calculation speed and it can be analysed with the tools developed in control theory.     

Solution to the problem of axisymmetric and asymmetric dynamic instability of three-layered annular plates

This paper presents the solution to the dynamic stability problem of three-layered, annular plate loaded by compressive stress increasing in time. The solution enables the evaluation of the critical, dynamic loads corresponding to the various modes of plate buckling. The symmetrical cross-section structure of plate is described by the classical theory of sandwich plate with the broken line hypothesis, the nonlinear Kármán’s plate equations and linear physical relations. The solution is based on Bubnov–Galerkin method and finite difference method. The values of critical dynamic loads have been calculated by means of the stability criterion presented by (Volmir (1972) [1]). The comparison of values of critical dynamic and static loads is presented, using the dynamic ratio. The obtained results have been compared with those obtained for plate model built by means of finite element method. The calculations were carried out using the ABAQS system. The dynamic response of plate models examined by two methods is consistent.     

考虑土体竖向波动效应的静钻根植竹节桩纵向振动阻抗研究

 针对静钻根植竹节桩这一新桩型特殊的桩身结构及桩土接触条件,基于考虑土体竖向波动效应的三维轴对称模型研究其纵向振动阻抗。首先,采用虚土桩模型模拟桩底土对桩端的支承作用,根据桩周土的成层性和桩身竹节的分布情况,将桩土体系沿纵向划分成有限个微元段,同时,将桩周土沿径向划分为有限个圈层以考虑其径向非均质性;然后,利用Laplace变换和阻抗函数递推方法,得到桩顶频域响应解析解;在此基础上,将退化解与已有文献的解进行对比,证明退化解的合理性;最后,在桩基设计中比较关心的低频范围内分析桩身竹节、桩周水泥土及桩底土参数对静钻根植竹节桩桩顶纵向振动阻抗的影响。     

最佳自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波算法应用研究

在无迹卡尔曼滤波的实际应用中,前一时刻状态参数估值异常误差和动力学模型异常误差通过状态转移方程影响预测状态信息,从而直接影响滤波解的精度.将最佳自适应因子引入无迹卡尔曼滤波中,得到最佳自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波,通过最佳自适应因子来调节预测状态向量的协方差矩阵,即调整预测状态信息对滤波解的贡献,从而可以控制前一时刻状态参数估...     

考虑横向惯性效应时非均质土中大直径桩纵向振动特性及其应用

 基于Rayleigh-Love杆模型,研究考虑横向惯性效应时非均质土中大直径桩纵向振动特性。首先,采用虚土桩模型模拟桩底土对桩的支承作用,通过径向圈层间的剪切复刚度传递,考虑施工扰动造成的桩周土的径向非均质性;然后,将桩与虚土桩假设为Rayleigh-Love杆,建立其纵向振动控制方程,通过Laplace变换和阻抗函数递推方法,得到桩顶频域响应解析解,并通过Fourier逆变换得到桩顶时域响应半解析解;在此基础上,通过参数分析的方法,研究横向惯性效应对大直径桩纵向振动特性的影响以及与桩–土参数之间的关系;最后,将理论计算结果与现场实测曲线进行对比,验证了本文解的合理性。     

单级自力式燃气调压器动态模型研究

建立了单级自力式调压器动态模型,运用Simulink仿真软件求解,进行实例计算,计算结果与实际相符。此动态模型对调压器的运行维护及设计优化具有指导意义。     

起重机液压提升机构起升过程的仿真研究

建立并分析了液压起升机构在起升平面内的三质量三自由度的非线性振动模型，用数值方法求解了系统振动方程组。对不同输入下的系统动态过程进行了仿真研究。给出了起升动载系数的计算方法。文中建立的数学模型较为准确地反映了起升过渡过程，编制的求解程序是可靠的，利用仿真程序可以直接计算动载荷及动载系数并能演示各参数下的起升过程，为系统设计提供方便。     

城市安全规划之动态疏散与车辆配置策略

在城市安全规划中,人群紧急疏散是其重要内容。在紧急救援的有限时间内,最大化利用应急资源,疏散出最多灾民,是城市人群紧急疏散的第一准则。本文在探讨动态紧急疏散模式的基础上,应用最优化方法,以疏散出人数最多为目标函数,考虑时间因素和多种疏散方式,建立"多对多"动态人群紧急疏散与车辆配置决策模型,并用多维动态规划逆序解法对其进行求解,以获取城市人群紧急疏散与车辆配置的最优策略,拟缓解城市紧急疏散中时间和资源与应急行为的两大矛盾。最后,数值仿真与模拟仿真结果表明:模型和求解方法是有效的。     

Fast method to predict building heating demand based on the design of experiments

A rational choice of solutions for low energy building requires a performance evaluation for a large number of parameter combinations. Currently, building thermal dynamic simulation is used to check design solutions but it gives little information on what and how much may be improved. Iterative parameter optimization is a solution but the methods used may stick in local minima and do not allow the designer to evaluate different solutions. An alternative evaluation method is to obtain simple polynomial functions which estimate the annual energy demand as a function of building envelope parameters. The coefficients of these functions may be obtained by regression from dynamic simulation results. The number of dynamic simulations needed is reduced if the numerical simulations are optimally designed. The polynomial functions may be used to predict alternative performances from which the solution may be chosen. The designer is guided in his choice by the coefficients of the polynomial function which give the effect of each parameter on energy demand.     

Aerodynamic investigations for the tender design concepts of the Øresund cable-stayed bridge

For the Øresund link project two alternative tender designs were proposed, one single-level box girder solution and a double-level truss girder solution. Aerodynamic investigations, comprising wind tunnel section model tests as well as full-scale predictions, were carried out for the cable-stayed part of the two design alternatives. The section model tests covered static and dynamic tests for various configurations of bridge deck equipment, aiming at the detection of possible instabilities or vortex shedding effects and recording of the buffeting response. Cross-sectional admittance functions and aerodynamic derivatives have been estimated, and employed for full-scale predictions of dynamic displacements at a chosen value of the characteristic mean wind speed.     

Finite element model updating on small-scale bridge model using the hybrid genetic algorithm

Finite element (FE) model-based dynamic analysis has been widely used to predict the dynamic characteristics of civil structures. FE model updating method based on the hybrid genetic algorithm, by combining genetic algorithm and the modified Nelder–Mead's simplex method, is presented to improve bridge structures' FE model. An objective function is formulated as a linear combination of fitness functions on natural frequencies, mode shapes and static deflections using measurements and analytical results to update both stiffness and mass simultaneously. A commercial FE analysis tool, which can utilise previously developed element library and solution algorithms, is adopted for applications on diversified and complex structures. The validity of the proposed method is verified by using a simply supported bridge model with three I-shaped girders. FE models such as grid, beam-shell and shell model are considered to modify initial FE models on the experimental structure. Experimental results suggest that the proposed method can be applied efficiently to various FE models and is feasible and effective when this method is applied to identify FE modelling errors.     

成层土体与结构组合体系的动力数值模型

本文运用边界积分方程--边界单元法,分析并计算了具有成层土体与结构组合体系的动力耦合效应问题。提出了用边界积分求值的动力数值模型。它可以对不同土体情况(半无限单一土体、成层的和夹有淤泥层土体)和结构组合体系的动力响应进行数值求解。文中对具有成层土体的和含有淤泥夹层土体的结构动力响应以及填充不同填料的隔振沟的隔振效应等算例进行了计算和分折。结果很令人满意,其中某些结论具有一定实用价值。     

落锤冲击气囊施加均布动荷载的试验方法

在结构构件上施加均布冲击(爆炸)荷载一直是动力试验领域的难题。提出了一种落锤冲击气囊施加均布动荷载的试验装置,和一个双自由度弹簧阻尼冲击加载简化分析模型;给出了该模型的基本力学方程、边界条件和求解方法,并进行了有限元验证;建立了所提出冲击加载试验装置的精细化有限元模型,分析了构件上各受荷区域的荷载均布情况,验证了所提出装置的可行性。基于所建立的简化分析模型,讨论了刚度、荷载作用时间和阻尼比等关键参数,对构件上动荷载的影响,并给出了基本规律。计算结果表明,在选定合适的参数后,落锤冲击气囊试验装置能够较好地模拟构件上的均布动荷载,为实验室中进行爆炸冲击试验提供了一种可能。     

软基SSI体系的简化地震响应分析方法

研究了软基SSI体系简化地震响应分析方法。在前期试验和计算结果的基础上，提出土、结构小刚度比下SSI体系的简化动力计算模型及其参数的反演算法，推导了软基SSI体系简化动力计算模型下的地震响应分析方法。并通过试验软基SSI体系，考证了这一体系下简化动力模型的建模思路。     

筒中筒结构动力特性分析的状态空间法

引入建筑结构状态变量的概念,用现代控制理论的状态空间方法,基于并联铁摩辛柯梁模型,建立筒中筒结构动力特性分析的哈密顿体系,用精细积分法求该体系的高精度数值解,给出了一套分析筒中筒结构动力特性的方法。这种方法能求出筒中筒结构各阶自振频率和相应的振型,精度较高,为筒中筒结构的动力计算打下了基础。     

三维离散单元法软件系统TRUDEC 的研制

用Ｃ语言研制了三维离散单元法软件ＴＲＵＤＥＣ。该系统利用动态松弛法求解力和位移；采用公共面法检查块体间的接触；并设计了较完整的前、后处理程序，以及友好的用户界面。实际应用表明：ＴＲＵＤＥＣ已初步具备了工程应用的水平。     

清水及氯盐环境下陶粒混凝土冻融损伤规律试验研究

对掺加1%聚丙烯纤维及未掺纤维的两组陶粒混凝土试件,分别进行了清水冻融和3%NaCl溶液冻融试验,观察了冻融循环后试件的外观变化形态,测试研究了试验过程中试件的相对动弹性模量、质量损失率、剩余抗压强度等损伤量的变化规律。研究结果表明:相同冻融次数时,与清水冻融环境比,氯盐冻融环境下试件的剥蚀和骨料外露现象更明显,相对动弹性模量、质量损失率、剩余抗压强度等指标退化更为严重;掺入聚丙烯纤维可明显改善陶粒混凝土的抗冻性能。分别以相对动弹性模量和剩余抗压强度作为损伤变量,建立了能反映冻融损伤进程的陶粒混凝土冻融损伤模型,参数拟合精度较高。