关于零相关窗互补码理论界的几点讨论

提出了一类新型的零相关窗互补码，这类新型零相关窗互补码可以表示为三个独立的元素：一对相互正交的互补码、一个正交矩阵和一个标号矩阵的组合。本文重点讨论了这类新型零相关窗互补码的副峰平方之和的理论界，证明了几个重要的定理。这些定理包括：副峰的平方之和只是相对偏移的函数、零相关窗互补码集的一致性、列旋转不变性及列排列不变性等。这些定理对零相关窗互补码的设计具有重要的指导意义。     

LS码与、Walsh码的上行链路容量比较

该文首先分析了多径衰落信道下CDMA系统上行链路信道容量,文章对单用户接收机、多用户接收机两种情况下的信道容量分别作了讨论.对LS码和Walsh码的上行链路容量进行了比较.通过仿真可以看出在多用户检测条件下,两种扩频码提供的容量相差不大,而在单用户检测条件下,LS码则要大大优于Walsh码。     

相关衰落下多天线 LS-CDMA信道容量

对相关多径信道下不同扩频地址码的多天线CDMA系统的信道容量进行了研究,在研究中分别采用了在多码检测和多用户检测联合检测算法.在多码检测的情况下,李道本教授发明的LS码多天线CDMA系统比Walsh码和Gold码的多天线系统有更大的系统容量,后两者在大的信噪比(20dB)时候均有平台效应;在采用多用户检测时它们的容量几乎相同.由于具有零相关窗特性,对于LS码而言这两种方法是等效的.当发射天线数目等于接收天线数目时,系统的容量和天线数目呈线性关系.     

基于劳伦多项式的LAS码构造及性能分析

对基于Hadamard矩阵的LA码和基于劳伦多项式(Laurent Polynomial)的LS码的生成及相关特性进行研究,从占空比、相关特性、零干扰窗长度、码字总数等方面仿真分析了LAS码的性能,并结合实际应用,理论分析了LAS-CDMA系统与传统CDMA系统的归一化容量,仿真比较了LAS码和Gold序列在准同步CDMA系统中的误码性能.仿真和理论分析表明:LAS码具有均匀的零干扰窗(Interference Free Window,IFW)特性;不同主码的互相关函数IFW附近存在较小的副峰,多址干扰较小;在准同步移动通信系统中,LAS-CDMA抗多址干扰性能明显优于传统CDMA系统,使用LAS码比使用Gold序列有更好的误码性能.     

无线OCDMA中扩频编码的研究

分析和比较了无线光码分多址(OCDMA)中一维扩频编码和二维扩频编码的原理、码字容量、误码率等性能及其差异。得出二维扩频编码相对于一维扩频编码而言,通信系统的码字容量、系统的传输速率得到大大的提高;同时通过适当选择码长和码重,系统满足1×10-9的误码率要求,并发用户数可以高达200以上。     

具有零相关窗互补地址码的设计

该文给出并证明了构造零相关窗(ZCW)互补码的二叉树方法,当码字足够长时这种方法构造的码字数与理论上界的数目最多仅相差1。为了增加可用的码字,采用互补码与扩展矩阵直积的方法,将一个互补码构造成一组码,组内码字的相关特性取决于扩展矩阵,但不同组之间的码字仍有ZCW。     

信道估计误差对多天线LS-CDMA系统影响研究

在使用具有零相关窗的LS扩频地址码、在多码检测技术和最大似然接收机(MLD)的基础上,研究了在相关Rayleigh衰落信道中估计误差对MIMOCDMA系统的影响。分析及仿真结果均表明:信道容量随着信道估计误差的增加迅速下降;对于N×N系统,在固定的信道估计误差和信噪比下容量和天线的数目呈线性关系,在相同估计误差的情况下使用LS码的信道容量大于基于Walsh码系统的信道容量。     

极化码及性质

主要介绍了基于二元离散无记忆信道的极化码的构造以及相关性质。极化码不但能够在离散对称信道的条件下达到系统的对称容量,而且编译码的复杂度和码字长度几乎呈线性关系,即当码字长度为N时,其复杂度约为O（Nlog N）。最后讨论了极化码的应用以及研究热点。     

跳码直扩系统的伪随机序列应用

跳码直扩及扩展的跳码／跳频通信系统中,扩频序列随时间跳变,系统抗干扰和反侦察性能有一定程度的增强。通过Berlekamp-Massey迭代算法对GOLD序列与DFS结构的混沌序列进行线性复杂度分析,结果表明低线性复杂度的码字反侦察性能差,进而将影响跳码直扩系统抗相关干扰的性能,而混沌序列在随机特性尤其是线性复杂度方面的性能良好,因而在跳码直扩系统中具有重要的应用价值。     

平坦瑞利衰落环境下CDMA系统的多用户检测性能

在采用传统信号检验方式的ＣＤＭＡ无线通信网中，多址干扰限制了系统的容量和性能。多用户信号检测利用扩频码互相关信息在高斯信道中可以减小或消除多址干扰，缓解远近效应，增加系统容量。     

Minimum Correlation Spreading Codes Design

Inter symbol interference (ISI) and multiple access interference (MAI) appear in code division multiple access systems when the spreading codes are not orthogonal. ISI and MAI are function of the auto and cross correlation values of the spreading codes. In this paper we investigate the tradeoff between auto and cross correlation properties; we formulate the optimum solution for both cases, transform the problem from multi-criterion to single criterion optimization problem, then formulate the dual problem, and find the optimal tradeoff solution where minimum auto and cross correlation values are attained. Minimum Correlation codes show a great enhancement in performance compared to Hadamard codes.     

一种基于线性预测的长码CDMA盲多用户检测方法

将一种基于线性预测的盲均衡和盲多用户方法应用在长扩频码CDMA系统中。该方法能消除多址干扰和多径条件下引起的码间串扰,是一种适用于未来实际CDMA系统的多用户检测算法。     

Minimum Cross Correlation Spreading Codes

Multiple access interference (MAI) appears in Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems when the communication channel is a multi-path channel and the spreading codes are not orthogonal. Orthogonality between spreading codes cannot be maintained at the CDMA receiver because the codes may be asynchronous due to channel delay and multi-path spread. The receiver cannot perfectly separate the different signals of the multiple access users, and the resultant MAI limits the capacity of CDMA systems. MAI is a function of the cross correlation property between used spreading codes. In this paper we focus on the cross correlation of the spreading codes, we propose a method to find spreading codes with minimum magnitude of cross correlation. Employing these codes will reduce the resultant MAI in the CDMA system; hence it will increase the system capacity. A great enhancement is shown by comparing found minimum cross correlation spreading codes (MCCSC) with Hadamard and Gold codes.

Spreading code allocation strategy for downlink multicarrier code division multiple access transmission in a correlated Rayleigh fading channel

In this paper, we address the problem of multiple access interference (MAI) in a downlink multicarrier code division multiple access system. Because in the realistic case of correlated faded subcarriers, MAI greatly depends on the codes assigned to users, one way of improving performance without increasing receiver complexity consists in an appropriate code selection. We propose a code allocation strategy with the following properties: possible use with any code sequence and equalizer, low complexity, and efficient management of load variations. The allocation problem is formulated as a minimization problem of a cost function related to MAI. First, we provide analytical expressions for the channel frequency correlation function after maximum ratio combining, equal gain combining, and minimum mean square error equalization and for the MAI power. Then, by approximating these expressions, we define a simple cost function and build an iterative algorithm on the basis of the minimum maximum criterion to select the spreading codes. Finally, a complete analysis of the allocation efficiency is provided versus key parameters, in particular, the degree of correlation between the faded subcarriers, the system load, and the equalization techniques. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Design of sequence set with group-wise zero correlation window

Zero correlation window (ZCW) or zero correlation zone (ZCZ) sequence can be used in quasi-synchronous code division multiple access (QS-CDMA) system to eliminate multiple access and multipath interferences. However, as the length of ZCW or ZCZ increases, fewer sequences are available. Recently, a new concept, sequence set with group-wise zero correlation window is introduced, which can increase the number of available sequences for a QS-CDMA system. In this article, a new method for generating sequence set with group-wise zero correlation window is presented. This method is based on a Hadamard matrix of size N×N and a pair of Hadamard matrices of size M×M. Compared with previous methods, the proposed sequence set has a group-wise zero correlation window for both periodic and aperiodic cross-correlation functions.     

Performance Analysis of Subspace Based Downlink Channel Estimation for W-CDMA Systems Using Chaotic Codes

This paper presents blind channel estimation for downlink W-CDMA system that employs chaotic codes and Walsh codes for spreading information bits of the multiple users. In a W-CDMA system, while transmitting over multipath channels, both intersymbol interference (ISI) as a result of Inter Chip Interference and multiple access interference (MAI) cannot be easily eliminated. Although it is possible to design multiuser detectors that suppress MAI and ISI, these detectors often require explicit knowledge of at least the desired users’ signature waveform. Earlier work focused on a subspace based channel estimation algorithm for asynchronous CDMA systems to estimate the multiple users’ symbols, where only AWGN channel was considered. In our work, we study a similar subspace-based signature waveform estimation algorithm for downlink W-CDMA systems, which use chaotic codes instead of pseudo random codes, that provide estimates of the multiuser channel by exploiting structural information of the data output at the base station. In particular, we show that the subspace of the (data+noise) matrix contains sufficient information for unique determination of channels, and hence, the signature waveforms and signal constellation. We consider Rayleigh and Rician fading channel model to quantify the multipath channel effects. Performance measures like bit error rate and root mean square error are plotted for both chaotic codes and Walsh codes under Rayleigh and Rician fading channels.     

Space–Time Coding for Multiuser Ultra-Wideband Communications

In this paper, we present the construction of full-rate, fully diverse, and totally real space–time (ST) codes for ultra-wideband (UWB) transmissions. In particular, we construct two families of codes adapted to real carrierless UWB communications that employ pulse position modulation, pulse amplitude modulation, or a combination of the two. The first family encodes adjacent symbols and is constructed from totally real cyclic division algebras. The second family encodes the pulses used to convey one information symbol, and permits achieving high performance levels with reduced complexity. The first family of codes achieves only a fraction of the coding gain of the second one. Moreover, these coding gains are independent from the size of the transmitted constellation. For time-hopping multiple-access channels, the amplitude spreading code associated with the second family of codes is taken to be user-specific. In this case, a simple design criterion is proposed, and spreading matrices constructed according to this criterion permit reducing the level of multiple-access interference (MAI). Performance over realistic indoor UWB channels verify the theoretical claims, and show high performance levels and better immunity against MAI.     

Space–Time Coding for Multiuser Ultra-Wideband Communications

In this paper, we present the construction of full rate, fully diverse, and totally real space-time (ST) codes for ultra-wideband (UWB) transmissions. In particular, we construct two families of codes adapted to real carrierless UWB communications that employ pulse position modulation, pulse amplitude modulation, or a combination of the two. The first family encodes adjacent symbols and is constructed from totally real cyclic division algebras. The second family encodes the pulses used to convey one information symbol, and permits achieving high performance levels with reduced complexity. The first family of codes achieves only a fraction of the coding gain of the second one. Moreover, these coding gains are independent from the size of the transmitted constellation. For time-hopping multiple-access channels, the amplitude spreading code associated with the second family of codes is taken to be user-specific. In this case, a simple design criterion is proposed, and spreading matrices constructed according to this criterion permit reducing the level of multiple-access interference (MAI). Simulations performed over realistic indoor UWB channels verify the theoretical claims and show high performance levels and better immunity against MAI