Structural determination of the subsidiary colors in food blue No. 1 (brilliant blue FCF) aluminum lake detected by paper chromatography

One of eight Food Blue No. 1 aluminum lakes (B-1Als) used in the official inspection of coal-tar colors in fiscal year 1999 had a violet sub-spot during paper chromatography and was rejected. To clarify the orgin of the sub-spot, the violet subsidiary color (Sub-V) was isolated from the sample. On the basis of NMR and MS analyses and ion chromatography, the structure of the subsidiary color was elucidated to be 2-[[4-[N-ethyl-N-(3- sulfophenylmethyl)amino]phenyl][4-hydroxyphenyl]methylio]benzenesulfonic acid. The relative content of Sub-V to that of m,m-B-1 in the rejected sample was determined to be 39.5% by HPLC. The relative contents in other submitted samples of B-1Al were in the range of 1.1-3.6%.     

Isolation, identification and determination of a magenta subsidiary colour in Food Blue No. 1 (Brilliant Blue FCF)

A magenta subsidiary colour was isolated from commercial Food Blue No. 1 (B-1; Brilliant Blue FCF). The absorption maximum for this subsidiary colour at 580nm is outside of the range of 614-628nm found for other subsidiary colours and m,m -B-1. On the basis of MS and NMR analyses, the structure of the subsidiary colour was elucidated as the disodium salt of 2-[[4-[Nethyl-N-(3-sulphophenylmethyl)amino]phenyl][4-oxo2,5-cyclohexadienylide acid. HPL C analyses revealed that 24 batches of commercial Food Blue No. 1 (three manufacturers) contain 0.1- 0.8% (average: 0.5% ) of the magenta subsidiary colour.     

Generation of aniline from a subsidiary colour of Food Yellow No. 5 (Sunset Yellow FCF)

The formation of aniline from sodium salt of 6-hydroxy-5-(phenylazo)-2-naphthalenesulphonic acid (SS-AN, C.I. 15970, Orange RN), a subsidiary colour in the Japanese colour additive Food Yellow No.5 (Y-5, C.I. 15985, Sunset Yellow FCF), was investigated in the artificial gastric fluid (AGF) and in the artificial intestinal fluid (AIF) as prescribed in the degradation test in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia (1996). Aniline concentrations of 0.3-6.8 mu g/ml were found in 0.1% SS-AN solutions with 0.1-5.0% ascorbic acid or erythorbic acid after 24h at 37°C. This simulates a mixture of dye and ascorbic acid that might be ingested. The amount of aniline generated depended upon the temperature in these systems. In systems to which sucrose had been added, an increase in the amount of aniline generated was observed. However, no aniline generation was observed in the 0.1% SS-AN solutions in the AGF or AIF at 37°C for 24 h. Furthermore, the generation of aniline was not seen in AGF and AIF at higher temperatures in the range of 37-80°C. It was not generated by the degradation of SS-AN in the presence of digestive enzymes.     

Analysis of raw materials, intermediates and subsidiary colours in Food Yellow No. 5 (Sunset Yellow FCF) by LC/MS

Raw materials, intermediates and subsidiary colours in Food Yellow No. 5 (Sunset Yellow FCF) were determined using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) with electrospray ionization. A gradient consisting of acetonitrile and 0.04% aqueous ammonium carbonate solution was used for the HPL C mobile phase. Quasi-molecular ions of impurities were used as monitor ions. It was necessary to use fragment ions of the sodium salts of 6-hydroxy-5-phenylazo-2-naphthalenesulphonic acid (SS-AN) and 4-(2- hydroxy-1- naphthylazo) benzenesulphonic acid (2N-SA) as monitor ions because the compounds are not resolved by chromatography and have the same molecular weight. Fifteen samples of commercial Sunset Yellow FCF were examined. The results obtained by UV-Vis spectroscopy were in good agreement with the results of LC/MS analyses. The detection limits of the impurities in Sunset Yellow FCF ranged from 0.01 to 0.1%.     

Flavonoid content of commercial capers (Capparis spinosa, C. sicula and C. orientalis) produced in mediterranean countries

 The flavonol content of commercial capers (pickled flower buds of Capparis spinosa L., C. sicula Veill. in Duham. and C. orientalis Veill. in Duham.) produced in different Mediterranean countries (Spain, Italy, Greece, Turkey and Morocco) has been analysed. The content of quercetin 3-rutinoside, kaempferol 3-rutinoside; and kaempferol 3-rhamnosyl-rutinoside as well as the aglycones (quercetin and kaempferol) were evaluated by HPLC coupled with a diode-array detector. The free aglycones were not detected in the original flower buds, indicating that they were produced during the brining process. In addition, brining extracted most of the kaempferol 3-rhamnosyl rutinoside present in the original buds, this being a minor constituent in pickled capers. The average content of flavonoid glycosides in commercial capers was 5.18 mg/g fresh weight. When this value is converted to the corresponding aglycones (quercetin and kaempferol), capers provide an average of 3.86 mg/g fresh weight. A serving of capers (10 g) will provide 65 mg of flavonoid glycosides or the equivalent 40 mg of quercetin as aglycone. Received: 3 March 2000     

漆酶在食品工业中的应用

漆酶是一种含铜的多酚氧化酶.其氧化活性很强,能催化底物氧化,并能使影响食品和环境质量的多酚类化合物降解,从而达到提高食品的品质,降低环境污染的目的.     

HPLC-DAD法测定馒头中喹啉黄、食用绿S和亮绿3种色素含量的研究

建立了高效液相色谱(HPLC)串联紫外器(DAD)测定馒头中3种色素含量的方法。以无水乙醇—氨水—水(7:2:1)溶液作为提取溶剂,用超声辅助提取样品中的色素,用HPLC-DAD进行检测,检测波长425 nm、624 nm,色谱柱为PAK CAPCELL C_(18)(5μm,4.6×200 mm),流速1.0 mL·min~(-1),柱温35℃,以甲醇-乙酸铵溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。结果表明:3种色素分离度较好,具有良好的线性关系(r=0.999 9),重现性、精密度良好(RSD%均小于3%),检出限食用绿S为0.848 4 ng、喹啉黄为6.833 9 ng、亮绿为1.336 0 ng,平均加标回收率为91%~105%。该方法简单、快速、灵敏度高、回收率高、检出限低,适用于馒头中喹啉黄、食用绿S、亮绿含量的测定。     

从"山、水、田、畜、工"看江西绿色 (有机)食品产业的发展

发展江西省的农业，“希望在山，潜力在水，重点在田，后劲在畜，出路在工”。大力发展绿色(有机)食品产业无疑是做好“山、水、田、畜、工”5篇文章的重要举措。     

Total, organic, and inorganic arsenic in some commercial species of crustaceans from the Mediterranean Sea (Italy).

Total, organic, and inorganic arsenic were measured in the flesh of different crustacean species: Parapenaeus longirostris, Aristeus antennatus, Plesionika martia, and Nephrops norvegicus, species extensively commercialized and widely consumed as food. Among the different species of crustaceans, the highest mean value of total arsenic was detected in N. norvegicus (45.00 microg g(-1) dry wt), followed by P. martia (40.76 microg g(-1) dry wt), P. longirostris (34.00 microg g(-1) dry wt), and A. antennatus (15.45 microg g(-1) dry wt). In all the species examined, most of this element was present as organic compounds, while inorganic arsenic was only a very modest percentage (3.5 to 5.7%) of the total arsenic present. There is a substantial epidemiological evidence that inorganic arsenic may cause lung and skin cancer. For this reason, the Joint Expert Committee of the FAO-WHO recommended a maximum acceptable daily intake of inorganic arsenic for humans of 2 microg/kg of body weight. The estimated daily intake was below this limit; therefore, no direct hazard for human health due to the consumption of this seafood was found.