基于认知模型的Andon系统界面布局优化

针对用户观察Andon系统界面时的认知时间浪费问题,对A ndo n系统界面布局进行优化,以减少它对用户认知过程造成的影响.给出了通过建立认知模型找出重点认知模块,按照一致性、易读性、简洁性和整体性原则进行布局优化设计的方法,并建立了该方法的评价指标体系.结果表明,布局优化设计方案的综合评价指标优化提升率为16％.眼动实验证明,基于认知模型的界面布局优化,使用户在寻找特定信息时能将平均注视点个数和搜寻时间分别减少51％ 和54％.     

产品识别在品牌策略中的应用

产品识别是从认知心理学与感性工学角度,构筑企业品牌的重要手段之一.本文从产品形象与产品识别两个层面,解析了"散点式"品牌策略存在的潜在问题,并从产品形态、交互界面、材料与质感、用户体验,及企业文化5个关键属性研究了产品的识别.研究结果认为:企业需要建立一套覆盖关键设计属性的产品识别系统.     

食用菌培养室热湿耦合场的数值模拟研究

为解决食用菌培养室温湿度分布不均、出菇不同步等问题,以北京市某食用菌工厂为研究对象,基于计算流体力学方法建立食用菌培养室的热湿耦合场模型,根据现场实测数据与经验数据所确定的边界条件,对食用菌培养室进行三维数值模拟,相对湿度场的平均相对误差为1.5％,温度场的平均相对误差为3.6％,验证了该模型的准确性与可行性.模拟时将...     

基于IEEE1451.5的ZigBee智能传感器即插即用性能优化

为提高基于IEEE 1451.5网络化智能传感器即插即用接口性能,以ZigBee无线智能传感器为对象,研究基于定期关联匹配通信机制传感器即插即用性能优化.通过简化TEDS数据结构,减小无线智能传感器即插即用识别时间并提高识别率;提出基于ZigBee节点邻居表与节点特性参数的ZigBee路由优化措施,实现无线传感接口即插即用数据最优路径传输.实验结果表明:优化后数据传输效率及网络实时性有较大提高,数据传输平均跳数减少42.9％,平均时延降低28.1％.     

基于混合整数规划的工厂产品托盘打包及装箱问题研究

目的 针对工厂产品的托盘打包及装箱问题,提出一种优化产品在托盘上的布局以及托盘与产品整体在集装箱中的布局方法,以最大化集装箱的空间利用。方法 在满足现实约束的条件下,以最大化产品装载体积为目标建立混合整数规划模型。考虑问题的复杂性,本文将所研究的问题分解为2个子问题,并建立两阶段装载模型进行求解。第1阶段,建立二维集装箱装载模型,确定多种托盘类型在集装箱底面的平面布局;第2阶段,建立三维托盘装载模型,确定产品在托盘上的立体布局。鉴于精确求解该问题耗时较大,本文针对2个子问题设计两阶段启发式算法求解。为验证模型及算法的有效性,采用2组不同规模大小的算例进行测试。结果 算例结果表明,在小、大2种规模算例中,装载率平均差值分别为0和-0.5%,计算时间相差较大,本文提出的模型及算法在合理的时间内获得了最优解或近似最优解。结论 本研究能够为工厂产品的托盘打包及装箱提供快速高效的解决方案。     

触觉感知在盲人产品设计中的应用研究

目的:为了能够给盲人产品设计带来更好的理论方向,探究以触觉为核心的的设计思路,通过对盲人群体的生理特征的深入研究,希望能够让盲人产品带来更多的人文关怀。方法:通过对盲人生理特点以及现有产品的研究,通过触觉对产品材质、形态和使用方式的等方面的感知,让触觉与产品之间建立起能够对话的机制,为盲人产品的设计提供理论上的方向。结论:触觉感知理论可以为日后的产品及包装设计提供可能的理论支持,希望减少盲人群体在使用产品时出现的问题,减少盲人在与产品互动时所产生的障碍,同时能够给予盲人心理上的自我满足,体现出对盲人的尊重与关爱。     

A topology partition algorithm for parallel network simulation based on random scanning

为了提高并行网络模拟的性能,研究了实现有效的拓扑划分的策略,提出并实现了基于随机扫描的并行网络模拟拓扑划分(TPBRS)算法.基于启明星辰探测获得的实际拓扑进行的蠕虫模拟表明,该划分方法可适用于实际拓扑,并可进行大规模网络安全事件的模拟.实验结果表明,相对于传统划分算法,该拓扑划分方法减少模拟时间约19％,各个模拟节点模拟时间差值平均减少约21.78％,内存差值平均减少约4.6％,并且模拟时间和内存的增长更具有规律性,即负载均衡度更好,划分更加合理,提高了网络模拟的性能.     

双极性膜电渗析技术在硅溶胶生产中的应用

报道了双极性膜电渗析取代行工艺中泡花碱转化成硅溶胶的酸化过程的研究,转化得到硅溶胶中SiO2含量达到6％－105,pH值在3以下,平均电流效率在55％－75％范围内,平均耗电低于1kW.h/kg(每千克硅溶胶）,制得的硅溶胶产品符合工业要求。     

水压爆破在露天矿的试验研究

本文介绍水压爆破在露天矿的试验研究情况。根据水压爆破与普通瀑破对比试验的结果表明,水压爆破的降振率平均达到了３１．３％,单孔装药量平均减少了３７．０％,爆破效果比普通爆破好。     

Al含量对等值锌当量耐磨黄铜组织及性能的影响

为研究Al含量对耐磨黄铜组织、力学性能及摩擦磨损性能的影响,制备了三种不同Al含量(1.3％Al、2.4％Al、3.6％Al,均为质量分数)等值锌当量的耐磨黄铜合金;利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、拉伸试验机及摩擦磨损试验机对三种耐磨黄铜的组织、力学性能和摩擦磨损性能进行了观察与研究.结果表明,合金的组织为α相、β相、共晶组织强化相及初生强化相,当锌当量不变时,随着Al含量增加,α相区、β相区面积基本相同,共晶组织强化相数量增加,初生强化相数量减少,导致强化相晶粒平均尺寸减小.随着Al含量的增加,合金的硬度、抗拉强度、屈服强度分别提高了31.6％、22.4％、67.3％,延伸率及磨损率分别下降了64.2％及40.8％.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.