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1.
Fifteen fat samples provided from 5 sheep of 5 different Iranian native breeds were examined for their fatty acid composition by means of gaschromatography. Over 30 components could be detected in most samples. Fifteen fatty acids occurred in measurable amounts commonly higher than 0.1% up to 53.5% of the total. The saturated part consisted for the major of myristic (2.4–5.5%), pentadecanoic, (0.6–1.0%), palmitic (18.2–23.6%), heptadecanoic (0.9–2.3%), stearic (7.1–22.1%) and arachidic (0.1–0.3%) acids. Myristoleic (0.3–2.1%), palmitoleic (1.4–3.6%), oleic (39.6–53.5%), linoleic (2.1–3.7%) and linolenic (2.2–2.9%) acids were the main unsaturated fatty acids identified in this investigation. The differences in fatty acid composition of fats from sheep of various breeds were considerably high in stearic and oleic acids in some cases. The variation in fatty acid composition of fat samples obtained from different parts of a tail was insignificant in all 5 sheep examined. No conclusion could be made as to whether the above mentioned considerable differences in fatty acid composition of tail fats from various sheep are due to difference in their breed or due to other factors. 相似文献
2.
C. R. Cavaglieri Felippe P. C. Calder M. G. Vecchia M. R. Campos J. Mancini-Filho E. A. Newsholme R. Curi 《Lipids》1997,32(6):587-591
The effect of oat bran-(OBD) and wheat bran-enriched diets (WBD) on fatty acid composition of neutral lipids and phospholipids
of rat lymphocytes and macrophages was investigated. In neutral lipids of lymphocytes, OBD reduced the proportion of palmitoleic
acid (48%), whereas WBD reduced by 43% palmitoleic acid and raised oleic (18%), linoleic (52%), and arachidonic (2.5-fold)
acids. In neutral lipids of macrophages, OBD increased palmitic (16%) and linoleic (29%) acids and slightly decreased oleic
acid (15%). The effect of WBD, however, was more pronounced: It reduced myristic (60%), stearic (24%) and arachidonic (63%)
acids, and it raised palmitic (30%) and linoleic (2.3-fold) acids. Neither OBD nor WBD modified the composition of fatty acids
in phospholipids of lymphocytes. In contrast, both diets had a marked effect on composition of fatty acids in macrophage phospholipids.
OBD raised the proportion of myristic (42%) and linoleic (2,4-fold) acids and decreased that of lauric (31%), palmitoleic
(43%), and arachidonic (29%) acids. WBD increased palmitic (18%) and stearic (23%) acids and lowered palmitoleic (35%) and
arachidonic (78%) acids. Of both cells, macrophages were more responsive to the effect of the fiber-rich diets on fatty aicd
composition of phospholipids. The high turnover of fatty acids in macrophage membranes may explain the differences between
both cells. The modifications observed due to the effects of both diets were similar in few cases: an increase in palmitic
and linoleic acids of total neutral lipids occurred and a decrease in palmitoleic and arachidonic acids of phospholipid. Therefore,
the mechanism involved in the effect of both diets might be different. 相似文献
3.
B. H. Patel S. Thakore Padamnabhi Shanker Nagar 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2009,86(5):497-498
The seeds of Commiphora wightii (Arnott) Bhandari contain 9.8 ± 0.7% oil. The fatty acid composition and chemical properties of the extracted oil were determined.
Gas liquid chromatography of the methyl esters of the fatty acids shows the presence of 46.62% saturated fatty acids and 51.40%
unsaturated fatty acids. The fatty acid composition is as follows: capric acid 3.50%, myristic acid 14.51%, palmitic acid
6.68%, stearic acid 4.70%, arachidic acid 3.18%, behenic acid 14.05%, myristoleic acid 1.34%, palmitoleic acid 12.07%, oleic
acid 14.15%, eicosenoic acid 0.11%, linoleic acid 22.34% and alpha linoleic acid 1.37%. 相似文献
4.
Fatty acid compositions of oleaster pulp and pit oils were determined by gas chromatography in 4 samples of different varieties. Pit oils were highly unsaturated, containing >90% linoleic, oleic, and linolenic acids, as well as traces of palmitoleic acid. Saturated fatty acids consisted of palmitic and stearic acids with traces of arachidic acid. Pulp oils showed fatty acid compositions entirely different from that of pit oils. They contained 9 saturated fatty acids, C12 to C24, some of them with high quantities, up to 34.9%, of the total fatty acids. Unsaturated fatty acids, mainly oleic and linoleic, with low quantities of palmitoleic and linolenic acids composed about one-third of the total fatty acids. 相似文献
5.
The fatty acid composition and biosynthesis of fatty acids were studied during early embryogenesis of the toadBufo arenarum Hensel. The ova and stages up to the 6 1/2 day embryo have similar fatty acid compositions, with ca. 70% unsaturated acids.
The eggs and embryo were permeable to acetate and impermeable to palmitic, linoleic, and eicosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid. Labeled
acetate was incorporated by the eggs into the saturated acids-lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, arachidic, and behenic-and
into the unsaturated acids-myristoleic, palmitoleic, oleic, and eicosaenoic acids. During segmentation and gastrulation, de
novo biosynthesis of fatty acids increased, desaturation to myristoleic, palmitoleic, and oleic acids was enhanced; and fatty
acids were esterified to triglycerides, phosphatidyl choline, and phosphatidyl ethanolamine. The feeding embryo (11 days)
changed the pattern of incorporation to less incorporation into triglycerides. 相似文献
6.
建立了分析越南安息香种子油、果实和果壳的脂肪酸组成的在线甲基化-气相色谱法。将微克级的安息香样品与2μL衍生化试剂三甲基氢氧化硫(0.2 mol/L)加入裂解器,在350℃下瞬间反应,由气相色谱在线检测到8种脂肪酸甲酯成分,主要有棕榈酸( C16∶0)、硬脂酸( C18∶0)、油酸( C18∶1)、亚油酸( C18∶2)和亚麻酸( C18∶3),不饱和脂肪酸含量在84.5%以上,其中亚油酸含量最高,达47.29%。5次平行测定的相对标准偏差( RSD)小于3.81%。并结合相似性分析法比较了4种不同产地的安息香种仁与6种食用油的脂肪酸组成,相似性结果表明不同产地的安息香种仁的脂肪酸组成相似,其脂肪酸组成与食用植物油相近,与玉米油的组成分布最为接近,相似系数在0.987~0.990,且越南安息香种子中人体必需的多不饱和脂肪酸含量( C18∶2和C18∶3)与大豆油和葵花籽油相近,高于一般植物油,具有较高的营养价值。结果表明该法简便、快速、准确,适合越南安息香种子油脂的测定。 相似文献
7.
Turkey hens were fed diets containing no added fat nor diets supplemented with soybean oil or neatsfoot oil. The composition
of neutral and polar lipid fatty acids present in the unincubated turkey egg yolk was compared with that of those present
in the yolk sac of the developing turkey embryo at different stages of development. Comparisons were made of the fatty acid
fractions in the entire embryo homogenates, except liver and heart, which were analyzed separately. Changes in the relative
amounts of the fatty acids are reported as affected by age of the embryo and by dietary lipids. The fatty acids from both
the neutral and polar lipids which were utilized to the greatest extent for embryonic development were palmitoleic, oleic,
linoleic, and linolenic, regardless of the dietary supplements. Arachidonic, tetracosenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids also
were metabolized by the embryo. Saturated fatty acids, used by the embryo as development progressed, were palmitic, stearic,
and arachidic acids. Analyses of the liver fatty acids showed that the C16∶0 C16∶1, C18∶0, C18∶1, and C20∶4 acids in the neutral
and polar lipids decreased with embryonic development and varied with the type of diet. The heart contained low levels of
myristic, palmitic, stearic, arachidic, and arachidonic acids in the neutral lipids and palmitoleic and oleic acids in the
polar lipids. 相似文献
8.
A method has been devised which gives the distribution of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. It involves fractionation
of the triglycerides into groups on the basis of total unsaturation by employing chromatography on a silicic acid-silver nitrate
column. The glyceride composition of each fraction is then determined by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) of the oxidized glycerides.
Using this method, the glyceride composition of lard and cocoa butter was determined to give quantitative amt of 24 and 18
glycerides, respectively. Duplicate analyses agreed to within ±0.5%. The fatty acid composition calculated from the glyceride
composition agreed to within ±1.5% with that of the original fat. This approach provides a new basis for the evaluation of
the glyceride tyes in natural fats and for the first time permits the quantitative determination of all the chemically different
glycerides of myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids in a fat.
Presented at AOCS Meeting in Minneapolis, 1963. Issued at NRC 7947.
National Research Council Postdoctorate Fellow. Prairie Regional Laboratory, Saskatoon, Sask. 相似文献
9.
M. A. Somali M. A. Bajneid S. S. Al-Fhaimani 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1984,61(1):85-86
TheMoringa peregrina kernel contains 1.8% moisture, 54.3% oil, 22.1% protein, 3.6% fiber, 15.3% carbohydrate and 2.5% ash. The composition and
characteristics of the extracted oil were determined. Gas liquid chromatography of methyl esters of the fatty acids shows
the presence of 14.7% saturated fatty acids and 84.7% unsaturated fatty acids. The fatty acid composition is as follows: palmitic
9.3%, palmitoleic 2.4%, stearic 3.5%, oleic 78.0%, linoleic 0.6%, linolenic 1.6%, arachidic 1.8% and behenic 2.6%. 相似文献
10.
Klaus Eder Huldreich Nonn Holger Kluge 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》2001,103(10):668-676
High concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in meat have detrimental effects on its technical properties. The present study was carried out to investigate whether PUFA levels in pork can be reduced by increasing the concentrations of oleic acid in pig diets. To this end a bifactorial experiment was carried out with 48 female growing finishing pigs. Six different diets were used with two different concentrations of linoleic acid (12 vs. 24 g/kg) and three different concentrations of oleic acid (12 vs. 18 vs. 24 g/kg). The experiment started at a body weight (BW) of 58 kg and continued until 115 kg BW. The fatty acid composition of total lipids of backfat, perirenal fat and musculus (m.) longissimus dorsi was analysed. Concentrations of linoleic acid and total PUFA in backfat and perirenal fat were affected only by the dietary linoleic acid content but not at all by the dietary oleic acid content. Increasing the dietary concentration of oleic acid raised the level of oleic acid in those tissues at the expense of saturated fatty acids, suggesting competition between monounsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids for incorporation into triglycerides. At the low dietary linoleic acid concentration, the percentages of linoleic acid and total PUFA in total lipids of m. longissimus dorsi were also unaffected by the dietary oleic acid content. In contrast, at the high dietary linoleic acid concentration, percentages of linoleic acid and total PUFA of the m. longissimus dorsi were reduced by increasing the dietary concentration of oleic acid, suggesting that oleic acid and linoleic acid compete for incorporation into muscle lipids. Thus, at high dietary linoleic acid levels the fatty acid composition of the m. longissimus dorsi was favourably affected by high dietary oleic acid concentrations; in backfat and perirenal fat, however, no beneficial effect of high dietary oleic acid levels was seen. 相似文献
11.
Harold M. Sell Betty M. Taylor Elroy J. Miller 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1948,25(11):416-417
Summary A study has been made of the identification of the fatty acids of the fat from a North American black bear. The methyl esters
of the fatty acids from the fat were prepared and fractionated through a Stedman Column. Myristie, palmitic, stearic, oleic,
palmitoleic, and linoleic acids were identified by the melting points of the p-bromophenacyl ester of the saturated acids
and the hydroxy and bromine addition compounds of the unsaturated acids.
Published with the approval of the Director of the Michigan Agricultural Experimental Station as Journal article No. 970 (new
series). 相似文献
12.
Valrie Briard Nadine Leconte Franoise Michel Marie‐Caroline Michalski 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》2003,105(11):677-682
Native milk fat globules of various mean diameters, ranging from d43 = 1.5 to 7.3 μm, were obtained using microfiltration of raw whole milk acquired in winter and spring. After total lipid extraction, fatty acid composition was characterized by methyl and butyl ester analysis using gas chromatography. The oleic and linoleic acid content of milk obtained in winter increased with fat globule size, whereas myristic and palmitic acid decreased. There was significantly more lauric, myristic and palmitoleic acid, and less stearic acid in small fat globules compared to large fat globules in milk obtained in both winter and spring. The relative content of oleic and linoleic acids were found to depend on fat globule size and season. Results are interpreted on the basis of the relative content of milk fat globule membrane depending on fat globule size, and on consequences of compositional variations on milk fat globule melting behavior. 相似文献
13.
Pancreatic lipase hydrolysis was used to determine the distribution of fatty acids in the milk triglycerides of four species of monkeys and of human milk. The patterns of the major fatty acids were generally similar in all species examined, but there were some differences in the relative concentrations of individual fatty acids esterified at either the 2 or 1,3 positions. Caprylic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids were found predominantly at the 1,3 positions; in contrast, lauric, myristic, palmitic, and palmitoleic were concentrated at the 2 position. Monkey milk fats had greater proportions of these acids at the respective positions than did bovine milk fat. Also, the monkey fats were relatively uniform both in total unsaturated fatty acids (41–48%) and in the proportion of these esterified at the 2 position (19–26%). In general, both the fatty acid composition and the specific distribution of fatty acids in the monkey milk fats more closely resembled the patterns in human milk fat than did those in ruminant milk fats. 相似文献
14.
Leaves from soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) plants were assayed to determine if the relationship between temperature and relative fatty acid composition
observed in the seed oil also existed for the triglycerides in the leaf oil. Leaf samples were harvested from eight soybean
lines (A5, A6, C1640, Century, Maple Arrow, N78-2245, PI 123440 and PI 361088B) grown at 40/30,28/22 and 15/ 12°C day/night.
At 40/30 and 28/22°C, seven fatty acids were observed at a level greater than 1.0%. These included the five major fatty acids
found in the seed oil: palmitic (16:0), stearic (18:0), oleic (18:1), linoleic (18:2) and linolenic (18:3) acid; plus two
fatty acids that had retention times the same as palmitoleic (16:1) and γ-linolenic (18:3 g) acid. In addition, an eighth
fatty acid that had a retention time the same as behenic (22:0) acid was found in the leaves of all lines at 15/12°C. Palmitic,
palmitoleic and stearic acid content did not differ significantly over temperatures. The oleic and linoleic acid content were
each highest at 15/12°C, while the γ-linolenic and the linolenic acid content were each highest at 40/30°C. The fatty acid
composition of the triglyceride portion of the leaf oil did not display the same pattern over temperatures as that observed
for seed oil. 相似文献
15.
16.
S. C. Cunnane 《Lipids》1988,23(4):372-374
Rats starved for 96 hr were shown to have a 94% reduction in liver triacylglycerol. Among the long chain fatty acids in liver
triacylglycerol, only stearic acid and arachidonic acid were proportionally increased (2.5 and 6 times, respectively); palmitic
and linoleic acids were unchanged, and palmitoleic and oleic acids were proportionally decreased. Stearic and arachidonic
acids (mg%) were correlated positively within the triacylglycerol fraction, and both fatty acids varied inversely with total
triacylglycerol (mg/g) in fed and starved rats. The utilization of long chain fatty acids from liver triacylglycerol during
starvation resulted in selective retention of arachidonic acid and stearic acid and suggests that differential hydrolysis
of liver triacylglycerol by hepatic lipase may occur or selective reacylation of these specific fatty acids may occur during
starvation. 相似文献
17.
The lipids of the common house cricket,Acheta domesticus L., have been examined with the following results. The fatty acids associated with the lipid extracts do not change significantly
from the third through the eleventh week of the crickets' postembryonic life. The major fatty acids are linoleic (30–40%),
oleic (23–27%), palmitic (24–30%), and stearic acids (7–11%). There are smaller amounts of palmitoleic (3–4%), myristic (∼1%),
and linolenic acids (<1%). The fatty acid composition of the cricket lipids reflects but is not identical to the fatty acids
of the dietary lipids: linoleic (53%), oleic (24%), palmitic (15%), stearic (3%), myristic (2%), and linolenic acid (2%).
The amount of triglycerides present in the crickets increases steadily from the second through the seventh or eighth week
of postembryonic life, then drops sharply. Other lipid classes, such as hydrocarbons, simple esters, diglycerides, monoglycerides,
sterols, and free fatty acids remain about constant. The composition of the fatty acids associated with the tri-, di-, and
monoglycerides and the free fatty acid fraction are all about the same. The fatty acids associated with the simple esters
are high in stearic acid.
Postdoctoral Research Associate, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 1965–1967. 相似文献
18.
S. Sen Gupta M. M. Chakrabarty D. K. Bhattacharyya 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》1982,84(6):226-228
The determination of the fatty acid composition of mowrah fat obtained from kernels of West Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh shows that mowrah fat contains 37 to 51 % saturated acids and 49 to 63 unsaturated acids. Considerable variation is observed in the content of the four major fatty acids viz. palmitic from 15 to 32 %, stearic between 15.9 to 17.0 % and 20 to 26 %, oleic from 32.4 to 35.9 % and as high as 45 %, and linoleic from 13.9 to 17.7 %. 相似文献
19.
Arginine deficiency is associated with a marked increase in liver lipids in the rat. Triglyceride accumulation accounts for
most of the fatty infiltration. Cholesterol concentration per gram of liver increased approximately 280% above control rats
receiving dietary arginine. The percentage of phospholipids was significantly decreased in the arginine-deficient rat liver
compared to controls. The fatty acid composition revealed a significant reduction in the percentage of palmitic, palmitoleic,
oleic, and linoleic acids. However, both stearic and arachidonic acids were increased approximately 250 and 160%, respectively,
in arginine-deficient livers compared to controls. Arginine deficiency in the rat causes a marked alteration in lipid metabolism
similar to that observed with orotic acid feeding. The similarities of arginine deficiency and orotic acid feeding are discussed. 相似文献
20.
KeShun Liu Frank Orthoefer Edward A. Brown 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1995,72(2):189-192
Ten soybean genotypes grown in 1992 with seed size ranging from 7.6 to 30.3 g/100 seeds and maturity group V or VI were selected
and tested for oil and protein content and for fatty acid composition. In these germplasm, protein varied from 39.5 to 50.2%,
oil, 16.3 to 21.6%, and protein plus oil, 59.7 to 67.5%. Percentages of individual fatty acids relative to total fatty acids
varied as follows: palmitic, 11.0 to 12.8; stearic, 3.2 to 4.7; oleic, 17.6 to 24.2; linoleic, 51.1 to 56.3 and linolenic,
6.9 to 10.0. Seed size showed no significant correlations with individual saturated fatty acids, protein or oil content. However,
significant correlations were found between seed size and individual unsaturated fatty acids: positive with oleic, and negative
with linoleic and linolenic. Oil and protein content were negatively correlated with each other. Among the major fatty acids,
only the unsaturated were significantly correlated with each other: negative between oleic and linoleic or linolenic, and
positive between linoleic and linolenic. A subsequent study with soybeans grown in 1993 generally confirmed these findings.
Variation in relative percentages of unsaturated fatty acids andr values for most pairs of relationships were even higher than those obtained from the 1992 crop.
Presented at the 85th AOCS Annual Meeting and Expo, Atlanta, Georgia, May 8–12, 1994. 相似文献