DOLCE ergo SUMO: On foundational and domain models in the SmartWeb Integrated Ontology (SWIntO)

Increased availability of mobile computing, such as personal digital assistants (PDAs), creates the potential for constant and intelligent access to up-to-date, integrated and detailed information from the Web, regardless of one's actual geographical position. Intelligent question-answering requires the representation of knowledge from various domains, such as the navigational and discourse context of the user, potential user questions, the information provided by Web services and so on, for example in the form of ontologies. Within the context of the SmartWeb project, we have developed a number of domain-specific ontologies that are relevant for mobile and intelligent user interfaces to open-domain question-answering and information services on the Web. To integrate the various domain-specific ontologies, we have developed a foundational ontology, the SmartSUMO ontology, on the basis of the DOLCE and SUMO ontologies. This allows us to combine all the developed ontologies into a single SmartWeb Integrated Ontology (SWIntO) having a common modeling basis with conceptual clarity and the provision of ontology design patterns for modeling consistency. In this paper, we present SWIntO, describe the design choices we made in its construction, illustrate the use of the ontology through a number of applications, and discuss some of the lessons learned from our experiences.     

基于用例的领域业务服务本体建模

业务服务本体的作用是规范化描述领域业务活动及其之间关系,形成领域业务的基本知识体系。如何让涉众参与本体的设计,是目前联合本体工程研究的热点问题。通过将概念建模时常用的用例图与迭代式本体构建方法相结合,一方面使用领域本体建立规范的业务模型,另一方面基于用例,从用户视角优化本体模型。该建模方法有助于对领域业务的全面理解,所得到的本体模型可满足不同涉众需求。     

Onyx: A new Canvas-based tool for visualizing biomedical and health ontologies

Ontologies provide formal, machine-readable, and human-interpretable representations of domain knowledge. Therefore, ontologies have come into question with the development of Semantic Web technologies. People who want to use ontologies need an understanding of the ontology, but this understanding is very difficult to attain if the ontology user lacks the background knowledge necessary to comprehend the ontology or if the ontology is very large. Thus, software tools that facilitate the understanding of ontologies are needed. Ontology visualization is an important research area because visualization can help in the development, exploration, verification, and comprehension of ontologies. This paper introduces the design of a new ontology visualization tool, which differs from traditional visualization tools by providing important metrics and analytics about ontology concepts and warning the ontology developer about potential ontology design errors. The tool, called Onyx, also has advantages in terms of speed and readability. Thus, Onyx offers a suitable environment for the representation of large ontologies, especially those used in biomedical and health information systems and those that contain many terms. It is clear that these additional functionalities will increase the value of traditional ontology visualization tools during ontology exploration and evaluation.     

Applying semantic web technologies to knowledge sharing in aerospace engineering

This paper details an integrated methodology to optimise knowledge reuse and sharing, illustrated with a use case in the aeronautics domain. It uses ontologies as a central modelling strategy for the capture of knowledge from legacy documents via automated means, or directly in systems interfacing with knowledge workers, via user-defined, web-based forms. The domain ontologies used for knowledge capture also guide the retrieval of the knowledge extracted from the data using a semantic search system that provides support for multiple modalities during search. This approach has been applied and evaluated successfully within the aerospace domain, and is currently being extended for use in other domains on an increasingly large scale.     

A semantic metrics suite for evaluating modular ontologies

Ontologies, which are formal representations of knowledge within a domain, can be used for designing and sharing conceptual models of enterprises information for the purpose of enhancing understanding, communication and interoperability. For representing a body of knowledge, different ontologies may be designed. Recently, designing ontologies in a modular manner has emerged for achieving better reasoning performance, more efficient ontology management and change handling. One of the important challenges in the employment of ontologies and modular ontologies in modeling information within enterprises is the evaluation of the suitability of an ontology for a domain and the performance of inference operations over it. In this paper, we present a set of semantic metrics for evaluating ontologies and modular ontologies. These metrics measure cohesion and coupling of ontologies, which are two important notions in the process of assessing ontologies for enterprise modeling. The proposed metrics are based on semantic-based definitions of relativeness, and dependencies between local symbols, and also between local and external symbols of ontologies. Based on these semantic definitions, not only the explicitly asserted knowledge in ontologies but also the implied knowledge, which is derived through inference, is considered for the sake of ontology assessment. We present several empirical case studies for investigating the correlation between the proposed metrics and reasoning performance, which is an important issue in applicability of employing ontologies in real-world information systems.     

一种基于语义的协同工作模型

针对产品制造领域,提出一种基于语义的协同工作模型。该模型分别以XML和RDF(S)作为协同信息的语法描述模式和语义描述模型,为协同信息提供机器呵处理和可理解能力;通过建立由个体Ontology和顶层Ontology构成的两层Ontology体系,以个体Ontology描述协同过程中个人或团体的领域背景知识,以顶层Ontology为概念和语义参照模型,建立协同信息之间的语义约束,为协同过程提供多领域知识共享和互操作环境。     

Using OWL-VisMod through a decision-making process for reusing OWL ontologies

Knowledge representation (KR) can be defined as a set of ontological commitments, provided with the capabilities of performing inference. The knowledge can be represented using an ontology, which provides a shared insight into a certain domain. The use of ontologies to represent knowledge also allows interoperation among knowledge-based systems. The process of building ontologies can be tedious and sometimes exhaustive. A possible solution in order to avoid this problem would be to reuse the ontologies previously created by others. This paper describes a case study of reusability using OWL-VisMod, a tool designed for developing ontological engineering based on visual conceptual modelling for OWL ontologies. A workflow performed with OWL-VisMod is described; including a decision-making process in order to decide whether or not it could be desirable to reuse an ontology, according to the requirements of a certain project.     

Basis for an integrated security ontology according to a systematic review of existing proposals

The use of ontologies to represent knowledge provides us with organization, communication and reusability. The concepts and relations managed by any scientific community need to be formally defined. Since security in information technologies has evolved as a critical aspect and many related topics have been developed, this paper applies the method of systematic review for identifying, extracting and analyzing the principal proposals for security ontologies. The most mature proposals have been selected and compared by using a formal framework, extracting the key requirements that an integrated and unified security ontology should have, and providing the first steps towards its definition.     

A high-level electrical energy ontology with weighted attributes

One of the significant application areas of domain ontologies is known to be text analysis applications like information extraction and text classification systems, and semantic portals. In this paper, we present a high-level ontology for the electrical energy domain. This domain ontology has weighted attributes to cover the inherent fuzziness in the textual representations of its concepts. Additionally, we have included in the ontology the necessary attributes to align the ontology concepts to on-line collaborative knowledge bases like Wikipedia and linked open data sources like DBpedia, other attributes to facilitate its use in multilingual applications, and concepts to hold the named entities in the domain. The ultimate ontology is aligned with the previously proposed ontologies for the energy-related subdomains after extending the latter ones with weighted attributes. We make the ultimate form of the electrical energy ontology, as well as the extended versions of the domain ontologies for the subdomains, available for research purposes. Also included in the paper are sample text analysis applications which mainly exploit the weighted attributes within the ontology.     

基于领域知识重用的虚拟领域本体构造

提出了一种重用现有领域知识库知识构造新领域本体的方法.该方法充分利用了领域知识模型以及领域本体相互之间存在的语义相关性,从语义匹配的角度探讨了构造新领域本体的可能性.首先给出了领域本体的一种结构化定义,然后讨论了领域模型之间、领域本体之间存在的语义相关性,并给出了领域本体语义相关度的概念.以此为基础,重点讨论了基于生物种群进化方法构造新领域本体的选择、克隆、变异、杂交、合成和转基因方法.最后详细介绍了一个虚拟领域本体构造系统,并给出了具体分析实例.     

COMPETENCE ONTOLOGY FOR DOMAIN KNOWLEDGE DISSEMINATION AND RETRIEVAL

In this paper, we present a competence ontology for domain knowledge dissemination and retrieval services, which has been used in the MDKT project (Management and Dissemination of Knowledge in Telecommunication). The main objective of this project is to set up a computerized knowledge management system related to a specific domain in order to develop the human resources expertise for the needs of the enterprise. In the case of this project, the knowledge is about wireless networking and is expressed in digital documents. Among all the ontologies that implement the knowledge needed by the system, the competence ontology plays a key role. The competence ontology defines at a meta-level the concept of competence and its relationships with other concepts such as document or user. Its instantiation is used to characterize a user model and a document model. This knowledge organization makes it possible to infer which document, or more generally which domain knowledge information, is suitable for a given person or to whom specific domain knowledge information should be disseminated.     

一种使能虚拟组织的本体动态构建机制

如何应对虚拟组织成员本体的变更问题是构建虚拟组织本体面临的主要挑战。该文提出一个半自动的本体构建机制DODO,通过动态捕获并吸收成员本体更新的领域知识来实现虚拟组织本体的不断演化完善。该机制还可辅助领域专家消除虚拟组织本体变更所产生的影响。实际应用表明,使用DODO机制能够保证虚拟组织本体对变更成员本体领域知识的平均覆盖程度始终维持在一个较高的水平。     

Toward intelligent data warehouse mining: An ontology-integrated approach for multi-dimensional association mining

A data warehouse is an important decision support system with cleaned and integrated data for knowledge discovery and data mining systems. In reality, the data warehouse mining system has provided many applicable solutions in industries, yet there are still many problems causing users extra problems in discovering knowledge or even failing to obtain the real and useful knowledge they need. To improve the overall data warehouse mining process, we present an intelligent data warehouse mining approach incorporated with schema ontology, schema constraint ontology, domain ontology and user preference ontology. The structures of these ontologies are illustrated and how they benefit the mining process is also demonstrated by examples utilizing rule mining. Finally, we present a prototype multidimensional association mining system, which with intelligent assistance through the support of the ontologies, can help users build useful data mining models, prevent ineffective pattern generation, discover concept extended rules, and provide an active knowledge re-discovering mechanism.     

一种基于本体的团队知识共享模型

针对在Internet环境下进行项目开发的特点，提出一种团队知识共享模型，通过使用OWL表示的领域本体和应用本体来组织分散在Internet环境中的知识，并在此基础上定义了基本知识操作，使得Internet下的团队成员能够进行项目知识的查询、发布及订阅，方便了团队成员之间的知识共享。     

面向模块重用的描述逻辑SHJF本地性规则研究

可重用本体模块的抽取是本体重用的一个关键环节。与传统工程应用中使用的基于本体层次的结构化方法抽取本体模块相比,使用逻辑的方法能充分利用本体提供的语义信息,抽取的本体模块更具完整性和正确性。在研究保守扩展的本体模块理论基础上,根据Grau B C提出的 SHOJQ 本地性规则,提出并证明了描述逻辑SHJF对应的语义本地性规则和句法本地性规则,为基于该规则抽取可重用本体模块提供了理论基础。     

Domain-specific summarization of Life-Science e-experiments from provenance traces

Translational research in Life-Science nowadays leverages e-Science platforms to analyze and produce huge amounts of data. With the unprecedented growth of Life-Science data repositories, identifying relevant data for analysis becomes increasingly difficult. The instrumentation of e-Science platforms with provenance tracking techniques provides useful information from a data analysis process design or debugging perspective. However raw provenance traces are too massive and too generic to facilitate the scientific interpretation of data. In this paper, we propose an integrated approach in which Life-Science knowledge is (i) captured through domain ontologies and linked to Life-Science data analysis tools, and (ii) propagated through rules to produced data, in order to constitute human-tractable experiment summaries. Our approach has been implemented in the Virtual Imaging Platform (VIP) and experimental results show the feasibility of producing few domain-specific statements which opens new data sharing and repurposing opportunities in line with Linked Data initiatives.     

一种有效的本体排序算法MIDSRank

本体已经在很多的领域中得到了广泛的应用,网络上的本体也越来越多,为了节约本体构建的成本避免从头构建本体,人们经常首先从网络上获取候选者,然后再以此为基础构建自己的本体.而随之而来的本体排序问题则成为一个研究热点.通过对现有本体排序算法的总结与分析,将现有本体排序算法划分为两大类,分别阐述了其基本思想以及存在的问题.然后,提出了一种经过改进的本体排序方法,该方法结合了原有方法的优点并提高了本体搜索的质量.最后讨论了未来研究的方向和注意事项.