新技术、新工艺、新装置

攀钢激光拼焊技术填补国内生产空白由攀钢钢研院与华中科技大学激光加工国家工程研究中心合作开展的“攀钢冷轧钢板激光拼焊及其应用技术研究”项目，最近在东风汽车公司进行了国内首次冷轧激光拼焊板冲压汽车零件的试验，取得了满意的效果。东风汽车公司已向攀钢正式提出用攀钢冷轧激光拼焊板冲压新型汽车顶盖。攀钢现在正积极做好各项准备工作。冷轧钢板激光拼焊是一项高新技术，目前在国外发展很快，韩国去年把它评为有重大影响的十大新技术之一。在国内，一些著名的汽车生产企业现在也大量使用激光拼焊板，但其国产化至今尚属一片空白。…     

Al-Si镀层热成形零件表面颜色差异性研究

目的研究加热温度、加热时间等工艺参数对Al-Si镀层材料在热成形过程中存在的表面颜色差异、镀层厚度和扩散层厚度的影响规律,及影响零件表面颜色差异的主要原因。方法在不同加热时间及加热温度条件下,对厚度为1.0 mm的新日铁Al-Si镀层材料进行热冲压试验,测量热成形零件的镀层厚度和扩散层厚度,并对典型不同颜色零件表面进行SEM及EDS分析研究。结果 Al-Si镀层热成形零件表面颜色与加热温度和加热时间存在较好的对应关系,同时镀层厚度及扩散层厚度随着加热时间的增加及加热温度的提高而增大,Al-Si镀层热成形零件表面的颜色与镀层中不同铁氧化物的混合比例存在较好的对应一致性。结论Al-Si镀层热成形零件表面颜色的状态可以间接反应镀层厚度及扩散层厚度。     

高强度钢-普通钢拼焊板热冲压成形机理研究

目的 研究高强度钢-普通钢拼焊板热冲压成形机理.方法 对高强度22MnB5钢-Q235钢拼焊板高温力学性能及U形热弯曲件的微观组织和力学性能进行实验研究,对高温下拼焊板协调变形进行数值分析,研究拼焊板高温力学性能和热弯曲件微观组织、力学性能的影响机制及拼焊板热变形协调机制.结果 焊缝与拉伸方向平行时,800℃下拼焊板伸...     

热成形淬火对QP1180/22MnB5激光拼焊板组织与性能的影响

目的 对QP1180和22MnB5激光拼焊板进行热成形试验,以解决超高强钢板材焊后的软化问题。方法 选择QP1180和22MnB5异种高强钢作为母材进行激光自熔焊,对焊后的激光拼焊板进行热成形试验,通过体式显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、液压拉伸试验机和维氏硬度计等手段,分析热成形前后激光拼焊板微观组织和力学性能的变化。结果 与焊态拉伸试样相比,热成形试样抗拉强度提高了135%,断后伸长率降低了55%,拉伸试样都在22MnB5母材处断裂,均为塑性断裂。在热成形后,对焊接接头进行组织分析,发现QP1180母材区马氏体含量增加,22MnB5母材区和临界热影响区组织由珠光体和铁素体转变为马氏体,焊接接头热影响区各亚区的组织均转变为大小不同的板条马氏体。硬度测试结果表明,焊态试样焊接接头的QP1180临界区存在软化现象,硬度值最低为335HV,22MnB5侧硬度值由母材处向焊缝升高,母材硬度最低为170HV;而在热成形后,QP1180临界区软化现象消失,硬度值趋于平缓,22MnB5母材处硬度比焊态试样硬度高了2倍。结论 与焊态试样相比,经热成形后激光拼焊板的焊后软化问题得到了解决。     

汽车激光拼焊门内板焊缝问题分析

门内板是激光拼焊板应用于汽车车身的主要零件之一,通常由差厚板激光拼焊后经冲压成型。由于存在焊缝,且焊缝两侧的板料性能、厚度存在差异,在靠近焊缝的薄板侧很容易发生开裂,即随着板厚比例增大,破裂危险也相应增加,反之亦然。重要的是,门内板开裂问题会严重影响汽车质量,所以我们必须深入分析并解决问题。     

汽车车身轻量化发展方向探讨

系统阐述了汽车车身轻量化设计过程中运用的3种主要方法：在车身结构优化设计方面,详细介绍了拓扑优化、灵敏度分析和形貌及尺寸优化在车身轻量化设计中应用的步骤及方法;在先进工艺应用方面,介绍了激光拼焊板、热冲压成形技术、辊压成形技术的优缺点,以及这些先进工艺应用于车身的位置;在车身新材料应用方面,介绍了高强度钢板、铝合金、塑料及高分子复合材料、静音钢板和结构发泡材料等在车身上的应用及发展情况.以大量实例和统计数据,并通过表征车身轻量化的关键指标——车身轻量化系数验证,得出汽车车身轻量化设计的步骤及发展方向.     

拼焊板材冲压成形技术(Ⅱ)

详细介绍和总结了拼焊板冲压成形的国内外研究与应用现状,讨论了拼焊板成形性能实验方法、拼焊板的不均匀变形规律、控制不均匀变形的方法以及计算机模拟方面的成果.     

Zn-15％Al-Si高耐蚀镀层生产工艺探讨

为了促进Zn-Al-Si镀层的开发应用,介绍了攀钢Zn-15 ％Al-Si镀层的开发情况,探讨了改良森吉米尔法工艺生产Zn-15 ％Al-Si镀层时清洗、带钢入锌锅温度、镀液温度、气刀和镀后冷却等环节的工艺控制,通过合理的工艺控制,得到了表面质量良好、锌花均匀的镀层,对于提高钢板耐腐蚀性能和降低锌的使用具有重要意义.     

拼焊板在盒形件拉伸过程中的焊缝移动研究

分析了激光拼焊板在冲压成形过程中焊缝移动的基本原理,推导了单向拉伸情况下焊缝移动的基本公式;概述了拼焊板数值模拟建模的基本方法,并运用商业有限元软件AutoForm对盒形件拉伸过程中的焊缝移动进行了预测,将分析结果与国外实验结果进行对比,得出初始焊缝位置对焊缝移动的影响的基本规律.     

激光拼焊板拉延成形焊缝移动优化控制

针对不同材料种类、厚度、强度、镀层焊接的拼焊板存在的成形问题,采用有限元仿真技术准确预测了拼焊板拉延成形工序的金属流动,在此基础上开展了拉深筋优化工艺研究.研究结果表明:由于纵梁前端和后端变形不均匀,拼焊板焊缝在拉延过程中随着拉深筋设置的不同产生不同的流向;当纵梁后端两侧拉延筋阻力系数分别设置为0.35和0.15时,零件内部焊缝移动量最小,更有利于拼焊板的成形质量控制.     

双相钢激光拼焊板温拉伸流变应力模型研究

在通过温拉伸实验获得的真实应力-应变曲线的基础上,采用Zener-Hollomon参数的双曲正弦形式来建立双相钢激光拼焊板温拉伸条件下的流变应力模型,方程中材料参数通过最小二乘法线性回归获得,并将其表示成应变的多项式形式,从而使此模型适用于整个应变过程中.流变应力的预测值与实验值吻合较好,预测的最大相对误差为6.27%,最大均方差为8.718MPa,从而验证了双相钢激光拼焊板温拉伸流变应力模型的准确性.     

Effect of differential heat treatment on the formability of aluminium tailor welded blanks

Tailor welded blanks (TWBs) are blanks that are tailor made to suit the required function. They are made by joining blanks of different thicknesses, materials, coatings, etc. The forming behaviour of such TWBs will be different from the conventional blanks, as TWBs with different strength levels will be subjected to the same forming loads but will result in unequal deformation values. The present work is aimed at studying the formability behaviour of TWBs of two different materials namely AA6061 and AA2014. The blanks were made by friction stir welding process at different rotational speeds, welding speeds and tool tilt angles on a vertical head milling machine. The formability of the TWBs and the base materials has been studied before and after solution heat treatment and analysed with the help of Limiting Dome Height (LDH) test. A differential heat treatment approach has been followed, which is unique in this work. From the results, it was found that the formability of heat treated TWBs were higher than those of base materials and untreated TWBs.     

Development of carbon–manganese–chromium steels for automotive hot stamping technologies

The hot stamping potential of three commercial carbon–manganese–chromium steels was demonstrated. The steels were selected with the intention of producing ultrahigh strength ferritic–martensitic dual phase microstructures from hot stamping heat treatment, exhibiting superior tensile properties for ‘impact energy absorptive’ crash performance compared to the conventional carbon–manganese–boron steel for automotive hot stamping technologies, 22MnB5. Compared to 22MnB5, each of the carbon–manganese–chromium steels provided at least twice the total elongation, yet with a relatively small loss to ultimate tensile strength. It was concluded that the carbon–manganese–chromium steels provide superior tensile properties for impact energy absorptive crash performance, while exhibiting ‘lean’ chemical compositions compared to previously investigated steels with similar aims and offer opportunities for use in the ‘tailor welded blank’ concept.     

Semi-hot Stamping as an Improved Process of Hot Stamping

Reducing the forming load,deletion of springback,increasing the formability of sheets as well as producing high strength parts are the main reasons to apply hot stamping process.Hot stamping process and 22MnB5 steels are the state of the art process and grades,respectively;however novel processes and steel grades are under considerations.In the current research,behavior of the steel grade MSW1200 blanks under semi and fully hot stamping processes was characterized.During semi-hot stamping process,the blank was firstly heated to a temperature of about 650℃ and then formed and quenched in the die assembly,simultaneously.Microstructure and mechanical properties of semi and fully hot stamped blanks were studied and the results were compared with those of normally water/air quenched blanks.The hot stamped blanks attained the strength values as high as water quenched blanks.The highest ductility and consequently,the best formability were achieved for the blank which had been semi-hot stamped.It was concluded that for the mentioned steel,semi-hot stamping process could be considered as an improved thermo-mechanical process which not only guaranteed a high formability,but also led to ultra high strength values.     

A multi-step analysis for determining admissible blank-holder forces in deep-drawing operations

In present investigation a methodology to determine admissible blank-holder forces in deep-drawing operations was established. According to this methodology, the deep-drawing operation is simulated and the maximum blank-holder forces, for stamping friction stir welded tailored blanks, are established based on the comparison of the numerical principal strains fields, obtained in the numerical simulations, with the limiting strains determined analytically for both base materials. Supporting experiments were performed and its results used to confirm the quality of the numerical predictions.     

拼焊板车门内板冲压成形工艺研究

采用数值模拟软件Dynaform5.5对某拼焊板车门内板的拉深成形工艺进行研究,探讨不同压边力和拉延筋对该复杂曲面零件成形性能以及焊缝移动的影响规律。通过调整压边力和拉延筋等工艺参数得到了成形性能较好且焊缝移动趋势较小的车门内板零件。     

铝合金热成形晶粒异常长大现象研究进展

汽车轻量化技术的快速发展,使铝合金得到了广泛应用。在铝合金成形过程中,往往会出现热成形晶粒异常长大现象。为解决目前普遍存在的铝合金热成形晶粒异常长大问题。研究了铝合金拼焊热成形晶粒异常长大的理论基础,基于晶粒异常长大的影响因素,重点探讨了铝合金拼焊热成形晶粒异常长大的原因。着重介绍了铝合金热锻造临界变形粗晶现象、控制方法以及数值仿真模拟进展。最后提出了铝合金热成形晶粒异常长大的问题和发展方向。