一种基于SPIHT和匹配追踪的图像编码方法——SPMP算法

为了更好地利用图像的结构特征,提高图像重建的质量,提出了一种基于多级树集合划分(SPIHT)和匹配追踪(MP)的分层图像编码方法--(SPMP)算法.该方法首先采用拉普拉斯金字塔(Laplacian Pyramid)算法将原始图像分解成低频平滑层和高频细节层,然后使用离散小波变换和SPIHT算法编码图像的低频成分,使用...     

一种基于分块压缩感知和迂回匹配追踪算法的图像重构方法

在使用离散余弦变换下的正交匹配追踪算法重构图像时,存在计算复杂度高,精确率低,对传感矩阵要求较为苛刻等问题.因此,利用迂回式匹配追踪算法(Detouring Matching Pursuit,DMP)的计算复杂度优势和分块压缩感知技术(Block Compressed Sensing,BCS),提出了一种基于BCS-DMP的图像重构方法.首先,对图像信号均匀分块并进行离散余弦变换,其次,采用DMP算法重构信号,对重构信号进行离散余弦逆变换重构图像,最后,采用均值滤波算法作平滑处理,减少图像块效应. 3种不同类型的图像重构实验结果表明,当压缩比取0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5时,采用BCS-DMP算法重构图像的峰值信噪比高于基追踪、正交匹配追踪等算法,且在重构时间上有较大优势,说明BCS-DMP算法适用于图像重构.     

基于分类矢量量化器的超声检测数据压缩方法

研究了基于分类矢量量化技术的超声数据压缩算法,提出了基于峰值数的超声数据分类方法以及基于峰值距离失真测度的码字搜索算法。本文提出的算法充分利用了超声信号的特征,能够很好地保存超声信号的峰值信息。实验表明,相对于普通矢量量化器,本文提出的分类矢量量化器能够在保持相同压缩比的情况下提高重构信号的信噪比。将此矢量量化器与霍夫曼编码相结合,其压缩比可达1：50,高于基于小波变换的压缩算法。     

延伸奇异值分解包及其在高速列车轮对轴承故障诊断中的应用

结合多分辨奇异值分解包的分解结构和对滚动轴承故障信号的Hankel矩阵的奇异值分布特性研究,提出了延伸奇异值分解包。该算法的核心包括矩阵递推构造和矩阵重构。以分量信号能量为指标,提出了有效分量信号的筛选准则,并基于该准则,进一步提出了延伸奇异值分解包的快速算法。仿真结果表明,延伸奇异值分解包对信号中共振频带分量信号具有很好的分解能力,方法具有强鲁棒性,同时极大地改善了奇异值分解包中出现的模态混叠。应用高速列车轮对轴承试验数据对该方法进行试验验证,结果表明,该方法能有效分离高速列车轮对轴承复合故障信号的不同共振频带信号,对筛选的有效分量信号进行包络分析,可有效提取不同类型的故障特征频率及其谐波,对共振频带的聚集性和故障的表征力相比奇异值分解包均有显著提高。     

二代小波包变换在爆破振动信号去噪分析中的应用

在提升算法及小波包变换原理基础上,构造了基于插值细分的小波SGW(6,6);介绍了基于最优提升小波包基分解的阈值去噪算法,将实测爆破振动信号通过二代小波包分解,对小波包系数进行阈值量化,再对阈值处理后的系数进行重构,成功地实现了爆破振动测试信号中的噪声去除。为将二代小波包变换引入到爆破振动效应分析研究领域奠定了基础。     

高速漏磁检测的二维缺陷轮廓重构

针对高速漏磁检测缺陷可视化中的关键技术与难点,通过提升小波包的方法对缺陷漏磁信号进行预处理,根据电磁场基本理论,对高速漏磁检测过程中传感器速度对漏磁信号的影响作了理论分析,提出了基于正则化理论的径向基函数神经网络的补偿措施,通过网络的映射,得到了缺陷漏磁信号的速度不变响应,最后利用蚁群算法优化的径向基函数网络对缺陷漏磁信号进行二维反演,实现了缺陷的二维轮廓重构。     

基于小波包分解复杂度可分级的音频编码算法

提出了一种基于小波包分解的复杂度可分级的音频编码算法。该算法对信号进行复杂度可分级的不完全不波包分解,并充分利用人耳的听觉特性和不同子带间小波系数的相关性对系数进行零树编码,不仅可在低码率上获得透明质量的重构信号,而且具有复杂度可分级编,解码和多码率可分级编码的功能,可在具有不同计算能力的计算机上实时实现音频编码的解码。     

基于Polar插值改进的结构振动信号压缩采样正交匹配追踪恢复算法

压缩感知是近年来出现的采样和信号处理方法,它利用了信号中普遍存在的稀疏特性,从而可以以远低于奈奎斯特频率的采样速率采集压缩样本,并依概率恢复得到真实信号。结构振动信号具有一定的稀疏性。对其进行压缩采样并进行信号重构,离散傅里叶原子的频率往往与信号实际频率不匹配,造成频率泄漏,降低信号重构精度。针对离散原子库存在的缺陷,采用Polar插值对正交匹配追踪(Orthogonal Matching Pursuit,OMP)算法进行了改进。以OMP算法选择的最优原子为基础,利用Polar插值在最优原子临近构建频域连续原子库,构建了信号重构的优化模型,通过凸优化算法获得实际频率的最优估计。改进算法以较小的计算量实现对OMP算法得到的离散原子频率的修正。通过对结构振动的数值模拟和对模型试验压缩信号的重构,结果表明,与常规算法相比,改进算法可有效提高信号重构精度,特别是在压缩观测值数量较少的情况下,精度提升效果更加明显。     

基于提升小波包和模糊模式识别的结构有限元模型修正

该文提出了基于提升小波包特征提取和模糊模式识别的结构有限元模型修正方法，首先建立以节点固结系数表示的空间网架单元刚度矩阵，然后利用提升框架，将结构振动测试信号进行提升小波包分解，提取小波包信号分量能量作为特征向量，以此建立模糊模式识别的模糊子集，最后利用模糊模式识别方法对结构进行有限元模型修正，并研究了噪声对该算法的影响。为了证明该方法，对一个二层网架结构模型进行了数值仿真，结果表明该方法能够有效的修正结构的有限元模型。     

基于小波包和LMS自适应降噪的柴油机振动诊断

由于柴油机振动信号的特征频带和噪声频带存在重叠现象,利用小波阈值消噪时难以选取合适的小波阈值,针对该问题提出一种基于小波包的LMS自适应滤波降噪方法。该方法将小波包与LMS自适应滤波相结合,首先利用小波包变换对信号进行多层分解,然后以噪声干扰对应尺度上的第一层“细节”分量及最大分解尺度上的逼近分量重构信号,将重构后的信号作为LMS自适应滤波器原始输入信号,再以小波包最大分解尺度上的高频细节信号作为自适应抵消器的参考输入信号,进行LMS自适应滤波降噪处理。仿真计算和工程应用表明,该方法参数设置较少,易于控制,不涉及小波阈值降噪中阈值的选取问题,对比试验信号的分析验证了方法的有效性,将该法应用在柴油机振动诊断中提高了故障识别率。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...