再生丝素蛋白甲酸溶液静电纺丝影响因素的研究

静电纺丝是一种简单而有效地获得纳米纤维的方法.以98％甲酸为溶剂,分别溶解再生丝素蛋白室温干燥膜和烘干膜进行静电纺丝技术,根据静电纺丝原理,研究了不同再生丝素蛋白干燥膜、溶质质量分数、静电纺丝电压以及混纺壳聚糖丝素蛋白等因素对纳米纤维形态的影响.结果表明:再生丝素蛋白室温干燥膜较烘干膜可纺性高,电纺液质量分数和电压与纤维形貌具有高度相关性,是影响丝素静电纺丝的两个主要因素.壳聚糖的加入可改善低浓度纯丝素溶液静电纺丝纳米纤维的形貌结构.     

静电纺再生丝素纳米纤维形态结构的研究

以98％甲酸为溶剂溶解再生丝素室温干燥膜后,采用静电纺丝纺制丝素纳米纤维;采用扫描电镜观察其形态结构：研究并分析了纺丝液质量分数、电压、喷丝头到收集网的距离、纺丝管口径对纤维直径及形态的影响。结果表明：质量分数为11％-19％的纺丝液静电纺丝均能获得丝素纳米纤维,质量分数为11％、13％,电压为32kV,固化距离为7cm时,能够获得平均直径分别为91、96nm的纳米纤维：纤维直径随纺丝液质量分数的增加而增大,随电压的增大而减小,可根据纺丝液质量分数和电压选择合适的固化距离和管口径。     

丝素/胶原蛋白共混纳米纤维的结构分析

采用桑蚕废丝制作再生丝素室温干燥膜,并以不同质量比例与水溶性胶原蛋白混合,溶解于质量分数为98%的甲酸中制得不同质量分数的纺丝液,选择一定的工艺参数进行静电纺丝。通过扫描电镜观察纳米纤维的外观形貌并计算纤维平均直径,采用红外光谱测定纳米纤维的微细结构。结果表明:纳米纤维的直径随着纺丝液质量分数和丝素与胶原蛋白共混质量比例的提高而增大;水溶性胶原蛋白与丝素之间有相互作用,纯丝素电纺纳米纤维结构以无规构象为主,含有少量β折叠,丝素/胶原蛋白共混纳米纤维β化程度提高。     

静电纺MWNTs/丝素复合纳米纤维毡的结构与性能

静电纺丝素纤维毡在水中极不稳定,力学性能较差,这些缺陷限制了其应用。将经过酸处理的多壁碳纳米管（MWNTs）均匀地分散在丝素膜甲酸溶液中,以MWNTs增强静电纺丝素纳米纤维,XPS的测定结果显示,碳纳米管并不是仅仅以物理形式混杂在丝素纤维中,而是形成了某些有助于提高增强效果的化学键。随碳纳米管质量分数的增加,纤维直径明显下降,纤维内部结构的规整性有所提高。当纺丝液中MWNTs的质量分数小于1%时,复合纤维毡的断裂强度和初始模量都有明显的增强,但是MWNTs的质量分数太大时,力学性能反而恶化。     

静电纺再生丝素/明胶纳米纤维的结构与性能

 以质量分数为98%的甲酸为溶剂,将再生丝素与明胶以质量比70∶30进行共混静电纺丝。研究纺丝液质量分数及乙醇处理对纤维膜的结构及力学、溶解性能等的影响;测定不同纺丝液质量分数及不同厚度下纤维膜的孔隙率及孔径;在纤维膜上进行小鼠成纤维细胞(L929)和人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)培养实验。结果表明:随着纺丝液质量分数的提高或经乙醇处理后,丝素β化程度提高,纤维结晶度增大,溶失率减小,拉伸强度增大;随着纺丝液质量分数的提高,纤维膜的孔隙率减小,孔径增大,厚度增加时,纤维膜的孔隙率及孔径均减小;L929及HUVECs均能够在纳米纤维膜上黏附、生长和增殖。     

非离子表面活性剂对壳聚糖静电纺丝的影响

以三氟乙酸为溶剂,采用静电纺丝法制备了纯壳聚糖纳米纤维。采用扫描电镜观察纤维的形态,分析纺丝液质量分数及非离子表面活性剂TX-15对纤维形态的影响。研究发现：壳聚糖溶液体系的适纺质量分数范围为3%~6%;通过显著性检验得出纺丝液质量分数对纤维直径有显著性影响;通过添加非离子型表面活性剂TX-15可改善纺丝液的可纺性,质量分数为5%的纺丝液添加质量分数为2.5%的TX-15得到的壳聚糖纳米纤维形态比较好。     

丝素与明胶共混静电纺丝

 丝素和明胶以不同质量比共混于甲酸溶剂,将此纺丝液进行静电纺丝,并用扫描电镜观察其形态结构,分析探讨了工艺参数对其形貌和直径的影响,并与相同工艺条件下的纯丝素纳米纤维进行比较。结果表明:在丝素与明胶质量比为70∶30,纺丝液质量分数为11%,极距为13 cm,电压为22 kV的工艺条件下,静电纺纤维平均直径为83.9 nm,纤维直径分布均匀。用明胶共混不仅有利于克服低质量分数丝素纺丝液静电纺丝中出现的珠状物和断头多等问题,而且有望应用于生物组织工程中。     

静电纺丝素纳米纤维非织造膜形态结构研究

静电纺丝可获得丝素纳米级纤维,并以非织造布状排列,广泛用于细胞支架、伤口包覆及药物控释等。用甲酸溶解丝素室温干燥膜,研究了静电纺丝素纳米纤维非织造膜的形态结构,分析其影响因素。结果表明:非织造膜孔隙率为32.3%,孔径80~600 nm;纤维直径与纺丝液质量分数表现出高度显著线性关系,纤维直径随纺丝液质量分数的升高而增大;纤维直径开始随电压的增大而变小,之后变大;电场强度相同,高电压/长距离电场形成的纤维直径小。     

静电纺再生丝素纳米纤维载药体系研究

将丝素和药物双胍醋酸盐共溶于质量分数为98%的甲酸,制得均匀的纺丝液,再静电纺丝制备丝素/药物纳米纤维膜。扫描电镜(SEM)观察其形貌的结果表明:纳米纤维的平均直径随着含药量的增加而减小;随着丝素质量分数的增加而增加。通过紫外分光光度计测其释放在水中药物的吸光度来计算释药速率,其释药速率随纤维直径的减小而加快。抑菌圈定性测试显示丝素/药物纳米纤维膜对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌具有优异的抑菌性。     

静电对喷制备疏水聚氨酯纳米纤维膜及其性能表征

为获得疏水性较好且具有一定机械性能的聚氨酯(PU)纳米纤维膜,将不同质量分数的聚氨酯纺丝液进行粘度测试并纺丝,建立质量分数与溶液增比粘度、纤维形态的关系,将不同质量分数的纺丝液进行静电对喷制备出表面具有不同粗糙度的纳米纤维膜,并对其疏水性能、机械性能进行测试分析。结果表明:高质量分数的纺丝液提升纳米纤维膜的机械性能,较低质量分数的纺丝液提升表面粗糙度;表面越粗糙,疏水性越好,质量分数为4%+18%的纺丝液进行静电对喷时,接触角能够达到140.33°;纺丝液质量分数越大,静电对喷时机械性能越好,质量分数为18%+18%的纺丝液进行静电对喷时,纳米纤维膜的最大载荷为1.082 9 MPa。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press