浅析生活垃圾渗滤液处理工艺流程

生活垃圾渗滤液是在填埋过程中产生的一种高浓度有害的游离态有机物。若垃圾渗滤液没有经过科学妥善处理入渗到环境会对水质产生危害。因此,能否科学有效处理受到社会各界的重视和关注。文中主要对生活垃圾渗滤液的水质特性和垃圾渗滤液的常见处理工艺进行了阐述,为指导处理城市生活垃圾渗滤液提供借鉴意义和理论依据。     

生活垃圾渗滤液处理技术研究进展

生活垃圾渗滤液是行业内的热点和难点,其成分复杂,有机负荷大,处理困难,对渗滤液而言,达标排放至关重要,如垃圾填埋场厂区不能有效的消解渗滤液,将会对周围所处的地域、水体、环境造成系列的影响。本文就目前生活垃圾渗滤液相关处理工艺进行综述,并对其发展趋势进行展望。     

垃圾渗滤液水质的影响因素及其特点

主要阐述了垃圾渗滤液水质的影响因素及其特点,对处理工艺的设计和运行都有一定的参考价值。     

颗粒活性炭对A/O-MBR处理垃圾渗滤液的影响

采用A/O-MBR处理垃圾渗滤液,考察投加颗粒活性炭(GAC)对出水水质、膜污染的影响,以及不同投加量对出水水质的影响。结果表明:与不投加GAC相比,在A/O-MBR中投加0.75 g/L GAC时,出水平均COD从1 585mg/L下降到1 484 mg/L,NH4+-N平均从25.6 mg/L下降到23 mg/L,出水水质有所提高。同时膜压增长速度减慢,膜表面泥饼层厚度减小,表明膜污染减缓。当GAC投加量从1 g/L提高到2 g/L时,出水平均COD从1 220 mg/L下降到840 mg/L,出水NH4+-N平均从20.8 mg/L下降到18 mg/L,说明增大GAC投加量有助于提高MBR出水水质,同时可大大减缓膜污染,并明显降低垃圾渗滤液后续纳滤、反渗透处理的污染压力。     

新型生物膜反应器对生活垃圾渗滤液的处理工艺

该文采用新型生物膜反应器系统对某生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液进行小型现场处理试验。结果表明,当平均温度为15℃时,采用该新型生物膜反应器在4~5 d内即可培养出一定厚度的驯化微生物膜并开始稳定地降解污水,各主要污染物指标的降解率均在95%以上,不使用高价的反渗透或纳滤系统即能稳定地达到国家垃圾渗滤液污水处理排放标准。该系统流程简洁、操作简单、工艺先进、无污泥产生、运行成本低,可应用于垃圾渗滤液等含高浓度难降解有机物污水处理,是有发展潜力的新型工艺技术。     

生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理工程实例分析

生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液成分复杂,需采用合适的处理方法进行处理。本文介绍了一种人工湿地处理工艺应用实例,实际运行结果表明,该生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液经处理后出水各项指标能够达到《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB 16889—2008)表2标准。     

水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾渗滤液工艺及应用

水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾项目需要对生活垃圾渗滤液进行无害化处理,现有的处理方式普遍存在投资运行成本高、影响焚烧炉和水泥窑稳定运行等问题。通过对不同处理方式进行比选,得到一种独创的渗滤液三级回喷焚烧工艺,利用窑头篦冷机、窑尾分解炉和焚烧炉的高温焚烧渗滤液,并成功应用于宜昌花林水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾项目。     

城市生活垃圾渗滤液无害化处理浅析

卫生填埋是当前实际上所广泛应用的一种垃圾处理方法,该方法具有成本低、易操作等诸多优点,但是其缺点也具有显著的危害性-该方法在实施过程中产生的高浓度的垃圾渗滤液具有有毒有害的物化特征。不仅会对土壤和地表水源产生污染,对地下水更是一种极大的污染威胁。但是由于城市生活垃圾渗滤液物化性质极其复杂且组分变化极大,人类当前尚未找到合适而完善的无害化工艺处理技术。通过对当前城市垃圾渗滤液的物化特征及当下对其控制处理的部分技术手段进行分析和阐述,以期能为城市生活垃圾渗滤液处理提供一条有益的思路。     

生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液污染情况与展望

垃圾渗滤液是垃圾处理过程中产生的二次污染物,其中含有的污染物种类繁多,包括大量的无机离子、有机化合物、溶解性固体及其他国内外关注的新污染物等。论述了垃圾渗滤液的产生及其特征,渗滤液污染指数,对垃圾渗滤液处理方法进行了展望。     

高效MBR+膜深度技术处理生活垃圾渗滤液研究

我国目前垃圾综合处理场主要采用堆肥、焚烧、填埋等生产工艺,针对其生成的垃圾渗滤液的水质特性,采用高效膜生物反应器+深度处理作为污水处理系统主要工艺,并对其进行了分析和探讨。     

改性沸石耦合活性炭强化混凝处理微污染源水

采用静态吸附和六联搅拌烧杯实验进行组合改性沸石粉(MZ)耦合粉末活性炭(PAC)强化混凝去除微污染源水氨氮(NH3-N)、耗氧量(CODMn)、UV254和浊度等效能研究。结果表明,组合改性后沸石粉的比表面积和平均吸附孔径增加,对NH3-N交换去除能力增强。MZ和PAC联用吸附对去除NH3-N具有协同作用,对去除CODMn略有拮抗作用。而MZ耦合PAC强化混凝则显著提高了NH3-N, CODMn, UV254和浊度的去除效果,出水NH3-N<0.5 mg/L, CODMn<3.0 mg/L, 浊度<1 NTU。MZ和PAC不同投加方式显著影响强化混凝处理效果,其中最佳投加方式为絮凝初期投加PAC和MZ,避免絮体包裹MZ,加强PAC对有机物的去除,进一步提高MZ对NH3-N的去除效果。耦合强化混凝使Zeta电位的绝对值降低,胶体间斥力减少,絮体粒径增大,粘黏现象明显,抗冲击能力更强。     

Effect of fillers and additives on the properties of SBR vulcanizates

Methacrylic acid (MAA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) were used as additives for peroxide‐cured styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) filled with three inorganic fillers with different particle sizes and surface activity, for example, MgO, Mg(OH)₂, and BaSO₄. The experimental results show that the introduction of MAA can improve the mechanical properties of SBR vulcanizates filled with MgO, Mg(OH)₂, or BaSO₄. A small amount of MAA leads to significant increases in the modulus, tensile strength, and tear strength. MMA has little effect on the mechanical properties of the SBR vulcanizates. The SEM micrographs show that MAA can improve the interfacial bonding between SBR and the three kinds of fillers. The SBR–filler interaction was studied by Kraus plots. The relationship between the SBR–filler interaction and the mechanical properties was explored. m, a characteristic constant of a filler–SBR matrix, represents the interfacial bonding between fillers and SBR and the accumulated structure of the fillers. At a given ?, a high value of m means a strong interaction between SBR and the filler and, therefore, strong mechanical properties. The Payne effect of the SBR vulcanizates was observed, and the vulcanizates have low storage moduli at high strains and high storage moduli at low strains, and the moduli are nonlinear and increase the nonlinearity as the filler content increases. The loss moduli and loss factor reach their maximums at moderate and high strain amplitudes, respectively. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 775–782, 2003     

Use of fish scales as an adsorbent of organic matter present in the treatment of landfill leachate

This study focuses on the removal of organic pollutants present in landfill leachate (LL) using an adsorption process with activated carbon (AC) obtained from fish scales, and subsequently evaluates the reduction of toxicity in the wastewater obtained from the process. The AC obtained is a mesoporous material, with a cumulative pore area of 1.57 m² g⁻¹, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) of 1.8329 m² g⁻¹ and adsorption average pore width of 12.79833 nm. The maximum removal of pollutants was achieved at natural pH (6.71) of the LL, with a load of 3 g L⁻¹, resulting in 60.1% colour and 37.3% chemical oxygen demand (COD). The rate of COD removal per g of AC increase had a maximum value of 5.6 at pH 10 when passing from 0.5 to 1 g AC. The lowest rate of 0.6 occurred for the same pH when it passed from 1 to 2 g AC. At pH 3 the second lowest rate of 3.3 was observed when passing from 2 to 3 g AC. At pH 3 there was always an increase in the rate as more AC was added. Conversely, at natural pH 6.71 the rate tended to decrease. At pH 10 the rate first decreased and then increased. At acidic pH, because it is the one with the lowest COD removal, it would be expected that by adding more AC the rate would continue to increase as there are easily accessible sites still available. Langmuir isotherms fitted adequately with the experimental data, providing an R² of 0.9657, which is consistent with a monolayer adsorption pattern. The LL before the adsorption process had an inhibition ratio of 20.4%, due to the fact that leachate can be toxic because of the presence of hazardous organic compounds. After adsorption processes at pH 6.71, the inhibition ratios were 16.9%, 13.8%, 12.2% and 10.9% at AC loads of 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 g L⁻¹, respectively, due to decreasing COD and colour of the LL over the course of the treatment. It was observed that the reduction of the inhibition ratio was greater at higher loads of adsorbent. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry     

催化臭氧氧化处理渗滤液RO浓液的氧化特性及光谱分析

腐殖质的去除效率是催化臭氧氧化降解垃圾渗滤液RO浓液中有机物的关键,活性炭负载金属铈催化剂（Ce-AC）催化臭氧氧化可有效提高腐殖质的去除效率。本文通过XRD、SEM和EDS等手段对Ce-AC催化剂进行表征,对比不同催化剂催化臭氧氧化对RO浓液COD去除及可生化性的影响,通过降解产物光谱分析明晰腐殖质的降解机制。结果表明,铈氧化物是以CeO₂萤石晶型的形式负载在AC上,负载后的AC比表面积和孔容积减少,平均孔径增加。催化剂Ce-AC对COD和UV₂₅₄的去除效果最好,为44.7%和67.3%,出水可生化性显著提升,B/C比从0.06提升到0.47。紫外-可见光谱表明,体系代表腐殖质的芳香类化合物降解效率明显;三维荧光光谱表明体系中腐殖质类物质被极大程度地降解,荧光区域积分的结果表明腐殖质类物质的去除效率达到了66.7%;傅里叶红外光谱表明腐殖质类物质被氧化分解成了相对小分子的碳水化合物和有机胺、硫和醇等。     

Addition of activated carbon to batch activated sludge reactors in the treatment of landfill leachate and domestic wastewater

Leachate from a municipal landfill was combined with domestic wastewater and was treated in batch activated sludge systems. The effectiveness and applicability of the addition of Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) to activated sludge reactors was investigated. Isotherm tests were carried out with PAC in order to estimate the extent of adsorption of organic matter onto PAC. Then, in activated sludge reactors COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) removal and nitrification were studied both in the absence and presence of PAC for comparison purposes. In both cases, Oxygen Uptake Rates (OUR) were measured with respect to time in order to investigate substrate removal and change in microbial activity. Addition of PAC to activated sludge increased COD removal by removing mainly the non‐biodegradable fraction in leachate. The COD decreases in batch reactors were best expressed by a first‐order kinetic model that incorporated this non‐biodegradable leachate fraction. With added PAC, nitrification was also enhanced. But in all of the batch runs a significant accumulation of NO₂ ‐N took place, indicating that the second step of nitrification was still inhibited. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

有机污染物对垃圾渗滤液可生化性的影响

以成都市长安垃圾填埋场渗滤液为研究对象,在常规水质分析的基础上,利用GC-MS联用技术对其中的有机污染物进行检测,考察了有机污染物的种类和性质对垃圾渗滤液可生化性的影响.研究结果表明:垃圾渗滤液的可生化性受有机污染物种类和性质的直接影响.在可生化处理的垃圾渗滤液A中(BOD_5/COD_(Cr)为0.3～0.4),检出的有机污染物主要是有机酸类物质,约占90%;在不易生化处理的垃圾渗滤液B中(BOD_5/COD_(Cr)<0.15),检出的有机污染物主要是烷烃类物质,约占50%.研究为垃圾渗滤液的处理提供了新思路.     

水质均衡/MBR/NF/RO工艺处理填埋场中老龄渗滤液

以福建省某市处理规模为250 m3/d的中老龄垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理工程为例,介绍了水质均衡+两级A/O+超滤+纳滤+反渗透组合工艺在填埋场渗滤液处理中的应用情况。处理后出水COD≤30 mg/L、BOD5≤10 mg/L、NH3-N≤20 mg/L,满足《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB 16889—2008)中表2排放限值,且大大减少药剂投加成本。     

Effect of silica and rice husk ash fillers on the modulus of polysiloxane networks

The preparation of polymethylvinylsiloxane rubbers with silica (SC) and black rice husk ash (BRHA) as fillers is reported. We conducted stress–strain experiments on these vulcanized rubbers to study the reinforcement properties of the fillers. Curves showing the dependence of the stress on the reciprocal of the elongation ratio displayed, in most cases, a slow upturn starting at rather low values of the elongation ratio attributed to a rather wide distribution of chain lengths between crosslinking points. Physical crosslinks between the hydroxyl groups of SC fillers and the polymer matrix seemed to enhance the modulus. BRHA–polymer interactions were rather weak in comparison with those occurring between SC and the polymer, presumably as a consequence of the carbon coating of the surface of the former fillers. These interactions were even less important for calcined BRHA. The absence of voids in the polymer–filler interfaces was proven by the analysis of gas diffusion across the rubbers. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 421–429, 2003