基于蚁群优化神经网络在机器人重复定位测试中的应用

为了弥补传统工业机器人重复定位精度为开环测试、测试成本高及测试过程复杂等缺点,提出了一种激光传感器测试系统与蚁群优化神经网络算法相结合的测试方法,通过蚁群优化神经网络算法的快速收敛性,能快速准确地对机器人在重复定位测试中进行预测,并根据预测结果对机器人进行定位精度补偿。经试验验证,重复定位精度预测值满足目标误差要求,能补偿机器人在重复定位测试中的定位精度。     

基于双结构光视觉的机器人运动学参数标定方法

为解决机器人因运动学参数误差而导致的绝对定位精度损失,提出一种基于双结构光视觉的关节机器人运动学标定方法,具体研究了双结构光光源配合双目视觉在求取光源发射装置空间位置中的应用、推导了出光源装置位置误差与连杆参数误差的误差方程。通过采集机器人若干末端的机器人坐标系位姿与世界坐标系位姿数据,再基于最小二乘理论求取机器人坐标系与世界坐标系的单应性矩阵,将之后采集的点通过单应性矩阵转换到机器人坐标系下的位姿。再通过误差方程来获取连杆参数误差,并对其真实参数进行修正,从而提高机器人定位精度。最后讨论了该方法在SK-10R关节机器人上进行标定的实验结果,结果表明该方法能实现机器人空间位姿的标定,在低成本的条件下大幅提高机器人的绝对定位精度。     

基于六自由度工业机器人的D H模型及仿真分析

针对目前实验室已经开发完成的六自由度机器人,基于D-H模型建立机器人的运动学模型,在MATLAB环境下自行编制了对应的计算机数值计算程序,并进行了仿真模型分析,最后结合具体的机器人实例,对六自由度机器人标准姿态进行本体标定试验,并通过试验结果对比。结果表明:实验室机器人标定后的定位精度与实际精度非常接近,机器人的标准姿态的定位精度有大幅度提高。     

机器人在装载机油箱自动焊接中的应用

重点介绍了焊接机器人在装载机油箱焊接中的应用情况,并分析了焊接机器人系统在应用过程中存在的焊接缺陷和机器人故障,提出了相应的解决措施。     

缸体下芯胎具定位装置的改进

介绍了改进后缸体下芯胎具定位装置的结构和特点；改进后的定位装置使用后，缸体砂芯在下芯胎具的定位精度大大提高，加工过程中未再出现由于忽左忽右错偏引起的铸件废品；由于实现了“零间隙”定位，减少了因偏芯造成的挤型废品。     

基于GBDT算法的机器人定位误差分级补偿方法

为进一步提高工业机器人的定位精度,提出一种分级补偿的方法以降低几何和非几何因素引起的定位误差。使用遗传算法优化最小二乘法（GA-LS）进行几何参数误差辨识并补偿到机器人运动学模型中,再通过梯度提升树（GBDT）算法对残余非几何参数误差进行预测,并对残余误差进行补偿,最后以UR10机器人为研究对象进行了实验,验证该方法的准确性。实验结果表明：此分级补偿方法能有效提高机器人的绝对定位精度,补偿后机器人的平均定位误差由2.381 mm降低至0.156 mm,定位精度提升了93.4%;均方根定位误差由2.417 mm降低至0.163 mm,定位精度提升了93.2%。实验结果验证了此分级补偿方法的有效性。     

基于计算机视觉技术的焊接机器人定位精度研究

焊接是当前制造领域中的关键工艺之一,也是保障生产质量的关键环节。因此,对于各个行业的焊接技术均提出了更高的标准,希望在焊接精度、效率方面实现高标准、严要求。但当前焊接定位工作量大、定位精度不高等是焊接机器人所面临的主要问题。因此,文中将对基于计算机视觉技术的焊接机器人定位精度进行分析,对视觉计算误差分析的模型进行建立,在此基础上,对机器人定位精度的影响因素进行探究分析。仿真结果表明：焊接机器人定位精度的误差主要是因为机器人的重复定位与运动。     

ＳＶＤ分解在口腔手术机器人手眼标定中的应用

口腔手术机器人手眼标定精度直接影响口腔手术机器人的工作精度。针对固定视点的口腔手术机器人,提出一种基于SVD分解的手眼标定算法,该算法无需采集姿态信息。通过纯平移运动,采集若干对坐标点计算旋转矩阵,而后通过纯旋转运动,采集若干对坐标点计算平移向量,从而完成手眼标定。在双目视觉位置定位精度为0.12 mm、机器人位置定位精度为0.1 mm、两者姿态定位精度均不定的条件下,实物实验结果表明：该算法标定平均误差的旋转部分在4 mrad以下,平移部分在0.411 mm以下,可满足口腔手术机器人手眼标定的精度要求。     

从GIFA铸造展看机器人在铸造领域中的应用

介绍了机器人在铸造领域,如造型、制芯、清理、熔化等工部的广泛应用,同时简单介绍了机器人在以上领域应用中的优势及前景.     

开卷机芯轴速度故障分析

详细介绍某冷轧薄板厂平整机组双柱头开卷机的机械结构、液压系统的工作原理,并对使用过程中芯轴出现的速度故障进行分析,提出相应的解决措施.改善了芯轴收缩和回退的速度,提高了产品精度.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。