含砷、锡、铅、钛球墨铸铁孕育剂的研究

在７５硅铁单一复合铋、锑、钙、锶、钡、锆、铝、锰孕育的基础上,选择含砷、锡、铅、钛球墨铸铁多元复合孕育剂的组元。利用正交设计对多元复合孕育剂的组成进行了优化组合。通过断面均匀性试验和孕育衰退试验检验了多元复合孕育的效果。     

铸态铁素体球铁试验研究

本文研究了化学成分、孕育方法等对铸态球铁组织、性能的影响;研制出适合于中小件铸态铁素体球铁生产的高效复合孕育剂,使用该孕育剂可将生铁锰量放宽至0.64%,仍能使铸态球铁性能达到QT42-10标准。     

灰铸铁复合孕育强化生产的试验研究

对优化的复合孕育剂在生产条件下进行了粒度直径、孕育处理温度及加入方式等孕育处理工艺因素的研究,同时检测了经孕育处理的铁液的抗衰退能力、流动性、体收缩等铸造工艺性能,另外还进行了抗拉强度、白口倾向、断面敏感性、硬度、加工性能及弹性模量等力学性能及使用性能的测试研究,验证了复合孕育剂有良好的孕育强化效果.     

几种孕育剂简介

介绍了硅钡孕育剂、硅锶孕育剂、硅锆孕育剂、硅钙孕育剂和稀土孕育剂的成分特点及其使用方法,并探讨了上述几种常用孕育剂的孕育机理,认为高强度灰铸铁、球墨铸铁、蠕墨铸铁若能针对性地选用合适的孕育剂,就能既节约生产成本提高铸件质量,又能节约能源和资源,利于环保.     

用稀土及其复合孕育剂消除微量元素对灰铸铁的有害作用

研究了稀土及其复合孕育剂对含有铅、砷等微量素铸铁的石墨形态、力学性能和冶金质量指标的影响。讨论了碳当量和流含量对稀土孕育效果的影响。试验表明：稀土及其复合孕育剂能有效地消除微量元素的危害，改善铸铁的组织和性能。     

稀土复合孕育灰铸铁活塞环

研究了稀土复合孕育剂在灰铸铁筒体活塞环中的孕育效果。试验结果表明,采用稀土复合孕育剂,不仅可以提高活塞环的机械性能,而且可以减少合金元素用量,降低生产成本.     

应用复合孕育剂提高缸体用灰铁铸件的切削性能

研究了几种单一孕育剂以及它们的复合孕育剂对缸体用灰铸铁力学性能、壁厚敏感性和加工性能的影响.实验结果表明:孕育处理的铸件中,选择40%稀土 60u硅铁复合孕育剂,灰铸件抗拉强度可稳定在250MPa左右,并且断面敏感性可降低到20HB,品质系数良好.20%稀土 80u硅铁复合孕育剂处理的缸体用灰铸铁件具有最小断面敏感性和刀具磨损量,有优良的切削加工性能.     

高碳当量薄壁灰铸铁纺机铸件的孕育处理

采用Ba、Ca、Si、稀土、石墨、Al为主要成分的复合孕育剂对高碳当量(CE＝4.3%～4.4%)薄壁灰铸铁件进行孕育处理,研究了复合孕育处理对薄壁铸件的白口倾向、石墨形态及力学性能的影响.结果表明,与常用的FeSi75孕育剂相比,复合孕育剂对降低薄壁铸件的白口倾向、改善石墨形态及力学性能等方面均具有显著效果.当复合孕育剂的加入量w为0.35%时效果最佳,消除了薄壁灰铸件的白口现象,且薄壁和厚壁部分的A型石墨形态均匀、细小,抗拉强度提高近10%.     

在高铬铸铁改性处理中钒渣的冶金物化条件与作用

在高铬铸铁改性处理中,V渣+Ti+Zn复合孕育剂起着良好的孕育处理作用。本文主要从热力学角度分析了V渣作为炼铁工业副产品得到二次利用的可行性,并讨论了冶金综合处理工艺和冶金物化条件对充分发挥V渣复合孕育效果的作用。     

高效复合孕育剂SRC,SRCB的研究与应用

在我厂采用包外孕育工艺后,75硅铁孕育效果不太理想,存在孕育剂不容易扩散,石墨成核率低,硅铁熔化不了而形成硬质点或渣等问题,为此,在原SPI铸态珠光体孕育剂的基础上又研制出SRC、SRCB两种高效复合孕育剂。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。