直流电机电枢绕组绝缘的在线检测方法

本文分析了直流电机电枢绕组绝缘劣化直至一点接地时接地电压的变化规律,给出了电枢绕组绝缘的在线检测方法。     

关于六相双Y移30°绕组同步发电机的定子槽漏抗

文中指出,应用于3相同步发电机的定子槽漏抗计算公式不能简单地移用到6相双Y移30°绕组同步发电机的研究和设计中,并对6相同步电机的定子槽漏抗进行了分析,得出了相应的计算公式。同时,通过计算实例,对3相和6相的计算公式进行了比较分析,结果表明.本文提出的计算公式具有一定的工程实际意义。     

一起热电厂三相电流不平衡现象调查分析

介绍了一起热电厂因线路割接后频繁出现三相电流不平衡现象,并根据电能质量在线监测系统历史数据,确认异常原因为上级电网电气化铁道负荷产生的负序电流引起,显示出电铁负荷造成的负序电流污染影响范围十分深远,发电机对系统负序电压十分敏感.     

Three‐Phase AC Filter Inductor Design for Three‐Phase PWM Inverter for Conversion Efficiency Improvement at Low Load

The inductor losses in a three‐phase ac filter inductor used in a three‐phase pulse‐width modulation (PWM) inverter are evaluated. First, a three‐phase inductor is designed to obtain the same value of inductance for each phase. Then, based on the design, a three‐phase inductor that uses two magnetic materials is proposed. The conversion efficiency of a 1 kVA three‐phase PWM inverter that uses the conventional and proposed ac filter inductors is simulated. Simulation results show that conversion efficiency improves. Finally, the conversion efficiency of an actual three‐phase 1 kVA PWM inverter that uses the conventional and proposed ac filter inductors is measured. In the experiment, the conversion efficiency obtained for the case of the proposed inductor improves by approximately 1% at low power load as compared to the conventional inductor. Furthermore, the calculated inductor losses are in good agreement with measured losses. Improvement in efficiency is verified trough simulations and experiments.     

Three‐Phase Current Control by Dynamic Reconstruction of Undetected Currents for AC Motor Drives

This paper proposes new three‐phase current control methods for AC motor drives, which detects only a phase current from among three‐phase currents. The first proposed method first detects a phase current, and then estimates the two‐phase current in the stationary reference frame using the detected single phase current. The second proposed method first detects a phase current, then synthesizes the two‐phase quasi‐current in the dq rotating reference frame, and finally produces two‐phase current estimates by extracting the positive‐phase component from the quasi‐current. The third proposed method produces two‐phase current estimates by filtering out the negative‐phase component from the quasi‐current. This paper presents the principles and detailed characteristic analyses of the proposed methods and validates them on the basis of extensive experiments.     

综合补偿三相不平衡负载的研究

随着不对称大负荷增加,三相不平衡电流对系统的稳定性影响也日益严重。本文在阐述不对称负载平衡化原理的基础上,分别介绍了基于STATCOM和SVC的三相不平衡负载的平衡化补偿方法,从技术性、经济性和实用性对二者做了对比分析。通过对基于SVC的几种补偿控制算法从原理上进行介绍、分析和比较,使得SVC在应用中可以根据实际情况,考虑各算法优缺点,选择合适的方法。     

带整流负载时六相双丫移30°绕组同步发电机电枢磁势和转子表面附加损耗的分析

根据六相双丫移30°绕组的结构特点以及同步发电机与整流桥不同联接方式下电枢电流的实际波形,对其电枢磁势进行了系统的分析推导,得出了具有普遍意义的计算公式。在磁势分析的基础上,推导了六相同步发电机带整流负载时转子表面附加损耗的计算公式。并通过实例计算,对六相和三相的计算公式进行了比较分析,从而获得了一些具有工程实际使用价值的结论。     

阻尼绕组对谐波励磁同步发电机空载谐波电压的影响

利用ANSYS有限元软件自带的APDL编程语言进行二次开发,用二次开发软件对谐波励磁同步发电机空载谐波磁场进行大量有限元计算,应用齿磁通法对电磁场的计算结果进行后处理,得出了谐波绕组空载特性曲线,计算结果与实验结果的比较说明了该方法的正确性。基于该方法,详细分析了阻尼绕组对谐波励磁同步发电机谐波空载特性的影响。     

Three‐phase immittance converter

The immittance converter has an input impedance that is proportional to the admittance of a load connected across its output terminals. In this converter, the output current is proportional to the input voltage and the input current is proportional to the output voltage. Consequently, a constant‐voltage source is converted into a constant‐current source and a constant‐current source into a constant‐voltage source. The immittance converters consisting of only passive elements (inductors L and capacitors C) are suitable for use in the high‐frequency links in power electronics applications. Previously, we proposed several types of immittance converters and some applications to power electronics equipment. In this paper, we propose a new three‐phase immittance converter consisting of three L and C elements each to obtain an alternating current source from a three‐phase voltage source without control. This paper presents a configuration of the new three‐phase immittance converter that operates in either anti‐phase or in‐phase modes between the input voltage and the output voltage, and its voltage–current conversion characteristics and efficiency characteristics. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 145(1): 52– 58, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10169     

基于三步隐式Adams法的同步电机阻尼绕组电流计算

提出采用精度更高、绝对稳定域更大的三步隐式Adams法对现有的阻尼绕组电流计算方法(一阶向前差分法,R-K1)进行改进,并分析了初值设置和采样频率对算法的影响,结果表明改进的方法具有对于同步电机阻尼绕组实际电流的更好的跟踪特性。文中以基于PSCAD的IEEE次同步谐振第一标准模型为例,通过仿真验证与对比分析,体现了采用三步隐式Adams法计算阻尼绕组电流的优越性。     

稳态量分相电流差动保护判据制动特性的改进

定义了区内故障穿越电流。对穿越电流的研究显示,传统稳态量差动保护区内故障时的保护灵敏度受负荷电流影响大,带过渡电阻能力与故障点位置相关。通过在制动特性中引入穿越电流,提出了一种改进的稳态量电流差动判据。理论分析表明:改进判据与传统稳态量差动保护判据区外故障的安全性完全相同,但改进判据在区内故障的灵敏度以及带过渡电阻能力大大提高了。对一条750kV线路故障和保护的仿真试验,证明了改进判据的上述优越性,是一种比较理想的超特高压输电线路电流差动保护判据。     

Iron Loss Calculation of AC Filter Inductor for Three‐Phase PWM Inverters

In recent years, remarkable advancement of new power semiconductor devices, such as SiC and GaN, enables the increase of switching frequency of power converters, and hence the volume of passive components, such as ac filters and transformers, can be reduced. However, temperature rise caused by the inductor loss is increasing, and hence iron loss evaluation of the inductor is one of the most important issues to realize high power density converters. Conventionally, an improved generalized Steinmetz equation (iGSE) has proposed in order to calculate the iron loss under a pulse voltage magnetizing condition. However, accurate iron loss calculation of the ac filter inductor used in a PWM inverter cannot be realized. The authors have proposed two methods of iron loss evaluation of ac filter inductors. The first one is a loss map method which can calculate the iron loss without using a real PWM inverter. Another one is an ILA (Inductor Loss Analyzer) which can measure the iron loss in every switching period in a real PWM inverter. In this paper, comparisons of the iron loss between the ILA and the loss map method on both the single‐phase and three‐phase inverters are studied. It is found that iron loss of the ac filter inductor in the three‐phase PWM inverter which is calculated by the loss map method cause a large error on a specific condition. In order to prevent the calculation error, the authors proposed a revised loss map method and proved the effectiveness of the method.     

超级电容器改善同步发电机系统稳定性能的研究

储能系统作为电力系统必要的能量缓冲环节,作用非常明显。使用双电层电容器(electric double layer capacitor,EDLC)的储能系统能够同时控制有功功率和无功功率,因此它能补偿功率波动。提出了电流源超级电容器储能系统(current-source energy capacitor system,CS-ECS)。该系统由双电层电容器、双向直流变直流换流器以及电流源逆变器组成。提出了能对有功功率和无功功率进行控制的CS-ECS控制系统,通过对同步发电机系统进行仿真,得出了超级电容器系统能够改善同步发电机系统稳定性能的结论。     

Performance of Dead‐Time Compensation Methods in Three‐Phase Grid‐Connection Converters

This paper discusses the performance of compensation methods for dead‐time voltage error in voltage‐source grid‐connection pulse‐width modulation converters. The theoretical analysis in this paper reveals the relationship between the voltage error and the current ripples through the converter. The analytical results imply that the voltage error is strongly affected by the amplitude of the current ripples as well as the source power factor. This paper proposes a new compensation method which makes it possible to use two lookup tables to reduce the calculation time in the controller. The compensation characteristics are compared by using a 200‐V 5‐kW three‐phase grid‐connection converter. As a result, conventional approximation‐based compensation methods exhibit an acceptable performance in a restricted power‐factor operation range. In contrast, the turn‐off transition‐based compensation method and the proposed method have a good compensation performance all over the power factor.     

Calculation of sudden three‐phase short‐circuit current of turbine generators by 3D magnetic field analysis

Sudden three‐phase short‐circuit current of a turbine generator was calculated by a three‐dimensional magnetic field analysis. That analysis takes into account the rotation, magnetic saturation, and eddy current at a rotor part. To compare test results and calculated results, a method was proposed for short‐circuit phase estimation at sudden three‐phase short‐circuit test by line voltage waveform of the test results. The calculated results of short‐circuit current waveform are in good agreement with the test results. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 153(1): 54–62, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20110     

Three‐dimensional numerical analysis of a liquid metal MHD generator

Three‐dimensional numerical analysis of a liquid metal MHD generator has been carried out. The three‐dimensional structures of the electromagnetic field and fluid flow in the MHD generator have been clarified, and the effect of the electrode width on the performance has also been examined, taking account of the current flow in the electrode. Structures of the electromagnetic field and fluid flow are complicated owing to the three‐dimensional current flow, induced magnetic field, and Lorentz force. The highest performance is found to be obtained when the width of the electrode is equal to that of the generator. The performance predicted from three‐dimensional analysis is somewhat lower than that from two‐dimensional analysis because of the larger input power. The increase in the input power is attributed to the increase in Lorentz force caused by less reduced magnetic flux density and to the additional friction loss on the insulator walls (x?y plane). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 160(3): 19–26, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www. interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20282     

Verification of Characteristics of a Boost‐Type Matrix Converter for a Three‐Phase Four‐Wire System

This paper describes an improvement to the control method of a boost‐type matrix converter (MC) for a three‐phase four‐wire system. The system is intended for use in a stand‐alone power source with a constant voltage and frequency. However, the conventional method is not able to control the output voltage with a low power‐factor load. To resolve this problem, we propose a new control method by using a MC and revising the conventional control method.     

A Study of the Commercial Frequency Component and Doubled Component on the dc Side of Three‐Phase Rectifiers and Their Influence on Electric Railways

This paper discusses nontheoretical harmonics on the dc‐side of a 12‐pulse rectifier in dc railway systems. These harmonics are the commercial frequency component and the doubled component. The causes of these harmonics are (a) diode forward voltage drop difference, (b) transformer secondary inductance difference, (c) voltage harmonics at the ac‐side of the rectifier, and (d) effects of the voltage induced by adjacent high‐voltage power transmission lines. We evaluated cases (a), (b), and (c), as case (d) has been previously studied 4 . The results of the evaluation were as follows: · The effects of both the transformer secondary inductance difference and the voltage harmonics inside the electric power system are not negligible in some cases in the discussion of the EMC problem among railway equipments. · If there are several traction circuits in parallel, each of which consists of an input filter, an inverter, and several traction motors, the harmonic reduction effect of the filters weakens significantly.     

Analysis of the current distortion factor of a three‐phase,three‐wire system

In a balanced three‐phase system, the three‐phase current distortion factor of three‐phase ac power sources has been expressed by applying the conventional single‐phase current distortion factor, which is defined for a single‐phase system. However, in an unbalanced three‐phase system, it is difficult to express the three‐phase current distortion factor for distorted three‐phase ac currents by means of the conventional single‐phase current distortion factor. For instance, the conventional current distortion factors for three‐phase ac currents are usually different from each other in the unbalanced three‐phase system. To solve the above problem, this paper proposes a novel definition of the three‐phase current distortion factor. The proposed three‐phase current distortion factor is quite effective for the unbalanced three‐phase system as well as the balanced three‐phase system. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 131(4): 1–10, 2000     

Characteristics of Parallel Operation of Inverter‐Type Distributed Generators Operated by a Virtual Synchronous Generator

The capacity of distributed generators (DGs) connected to a grid by inverters is growing. The inverters are generally controlled by a phase locked loop (PLL) in order to achieve synchronization with the power system frequency. They cannot have synchronous power. Power systems become unstable if the capacity of the inverter‐type DGs is increased. The concept of controlling inverters to behave like a synchronous generator is studied in this paper. The result is referred to as a “virtual synchronous generator” (VSG). The VSG has synchronous power. Power systems become stable as a result of using the VSG. The VSG is useful in the parallel operation of DGs. The VSG can synchronize with other VSGs, synchronous generators, or the grid. In this paper, a method for the synchronous operation of a VSG is studied, and experimental results on a VSG running in parallel with a synchronous generator and other VSGs are presented.