Functionalization at the double bond region of jojoba oil. 6. Production of aminesvia azides

The apolar and hydrophobic jojoba molecule was made more hydrophilic by the incorporation of primary amino groupsvia the introduction and subsequent reduction of azido groups. The azides were obtained by the substitution of bromine or a mesylate group introduced into the jojoba oil molecule; by opening of the epoxide ring in epoxy jojoba; or by the addition of bromoazide to the double bonds of jojoba.     

动植物油系列产品的研究与开发现状

简要介绍了动植物油的研究及开发现状,其中着重介绍了植物油作为燃料的情况。社会的发展使能源危机和环境污染的问题日渐突出,生物柴油作为柴油的替代品,可以缓解对石化燃料的依赖;因其对环境无污染而且又是一种可再生资源而备受关注,国内外对它的研究十分广泛,应用前景十分光明。废油是食品工业中的一个严重的污染问题,具有致癌性对人体健康不利,需进行回收处理。鱼油中含多种不饱和脂肪酸对人体有利,精制方法有待改进。     

含油废水浮油稳定性研究

研究了不同条件(静置时间、速度梯度、温度、添加电解质)下模拟含油废水中浮油凝并聚结的过程,探讨了影响浮油稳定性的因素。实验结果及分析表明,适当的静置(20min左右)、一定的速度梯度(1.5～6.9 s~(-1))、较低的温度(5～20℃)以及加入电解质(如NaCl)均可降低浮油废水的稳定性。     

Effect of randomization on oxidative stability of vegetable oils at two different temperatures

Five vegetable oils were each randomized by chemical means (with the use of a sodium potassium alloy) and by enzymatic means (using a nonspecific lipase). The success of the randomization procedure was confirmed via positional analysis. The oxidative stabilities of the native and chemically randomized oils were determined at storage temperatures of 28°C and 55°C using absorbance at 234 nm as indicative of conjugated diene content. No difference between curves occurred in oils stored at 55°C, however, at the lower temperature all chemically randomized oils had significantly steeper slopes (P<0.05), suggesting a lower stability. When both enzymatically and chemically randomized oils were compared to native oils at 28°C, no significant difference occurred between slopes of native and enzymatically randomized oils, however, the end content of conjugated dienes was significantly higher for chemically randomized canola, corn and soybean oils (P<0.05). No difference was seen between the slopes of the three different oils from either linseed or sunflower. Since both of these oils exhibited higher oxidation rates, it is possible that observation of differences between the stability of native and chemically randomized oild is dependent upon the rate of the reaction.     

广西樟油的化学成分分析

利用气相色谱/质谱联用仪及气相色谱仪分别对广西樟油的化学成分进行定性和定最分析。结果表明．广西杂樟油、芳樟油及芳樟叶油含有的主要成分基本一致，且几乎都是单萜和倍半萜化合物，只是相对含量上有差异。     

蓬莱PL19-3减渣减粘裂化生产燃料油

就某石油化工厂利用蓬莱PL19-3减压渣油,通过减粘裂化工艺生产燃料油的改造项目,从工艺技术方案的选择、工艺流程、减粘装置生产应注意的问题及相应对策等方面进行了论述.试生产及标定结果表明,此次改造是成功的.     

椰子油和大豆油的乙氧基化物对小鼠肝脏的脂质过氧化效应研究

为探讨椰子油乙氧基化物-36EO(COE-36)和大豆油乙氧基化物-42EO(SOE-42)对小鼠肝脏的脂质过氧化作用,采用腹腔注射技术,测定COE-36处理组、SOE-42处理组、氯化镉阳性对照组(小鼠单位体质量的氯化镉用量为2.5μg.g-1)和生理盐水阴性对照组小鼠肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和丙二醛(MDA)生成量。结果表明,氯化镉显著抑制了小鼠肝脏SOD和CAT活性,增加了MDA生成量;在所测3个指标中,COE-36和SOE-42的3个用量组(以小鼠单位体质量的用药量计)与生理盐水阴性对照组相比均无显著性差异;与氯化镉阳性对照组相比,不同用量COE-36作用下SOD和CAT活性变化、不同用量SOE-42作用下CAT活性变化以及低用量(3 mg.g-1)COE-36或SOE-42作用下MDA生成量变化均有显著性差异,说明在所试用量(3～5 mg.g-1)下,这2种表面活性剂不会引起小鼠肝细胞的脂质过氧化。     

用南阳脱沥青油生产凡士林的研究

研究了用南阳脱沥青油生产凡士林的可能性，提出南阳脱沥青油含有较多的微晶蜡，滴点较高，不是生产凡士林的合适原材料；但若与蜡下油和中等粘度的润滑油、基础油调配后，可生产出同时满足医药和化妆用品标准要求的凡士林产品。     

Kinetics of oil generation from oil shale from Liaoning province of China

The intrinsic kinetics of oil generation from 0.124 dm³ kg^?1 Chinese oil shale were determined by a non-isothermal method. Overall first-order kinetics satisfactorily represented the mechanism of kerogen decomposition. The kinetic parameters were determined as 142.8 kJ mol^?1 and 7.495 × 10⁶ s^?1 for activation energy and pre-exponential factor, respectively.     

乳化油节能理论与实践

本文叙述了乳化油在燃烧过程中不同燃烧反应机理，试验证明了燃烧乳化油具有节油、节能和大大减少环境污染的效果。     

Effect of multistage hydroprocessing on aromatic and nitrogen compositions of shale oil

Geokinetics crude shale oil, a distillate and processing intermediates sampled during four-stage catalytic hydroprocessing of the distillate were analysed for total nitrogen, basic nitrogen and olefinic and aromatic contents. Successive hydroprocessing stages yielded products containing 80, 46, 16 and 2% of the nitrogen content in the feedstock. Total nitrogen, basic nitrogen and aromatic contents were also reduced. Apparent relative reactivities of aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrogen-containing compounds are in agreement with reactivities observed in model compound studies. Hydrodenitrogenation of nitrogen-containing compounds occurred concurrently with hydrogenation of non-nitrogen-containing aromatic hydrocarbons. Hydroprocessing conditions necessary for essentially complete removal of nitrogen yielded a refined oil with low aromatic content.     

Temperature effect on the viscosities of palm oil and coconut oil blended with diesel oil

One of the major difficulties in using crude vegetable oils as substitute fuels in diesel engines is their relatively high viscosities. Increasing the temperature of the crude vegetable oil, blending it with diesel oil, or the combination of both offers a simple and effective means of controlling and lowering the viscosities of vegetable oils. This work reports viscosity data, determined with a rotational bob-and-cup viscometer, for crude palm oil and cononut oil blended with diesel oil over the temperature range of 20–80°C and for different mixture compositions. All the test oil samples showed a time-independent newtonian type of flow behavior. The reduction of viscosity with increasing liquid temperature followed an exponential relationship, with the two constants of the equation being a function of the volume percentage of the vegetable oil in the mixture. A single empirical equation was developed for predicting the viscosity of these fuel mixtures under varying temperatures and blend compositions.     

油浆抽余油FCC反应

油浆经萃取分离得到以饱和烃为主的理想组分——抽余油。利用该油作为原料进行FCC反应,并与石蜡基重油从原料性质、反应工艺条件、产品分布及性质、再生剂性能等方面进行对比研究。结果表明：抽余油具有良好的FCC性能,其合适的反应条件为剂油比6.0、反应温度520 ℃、重时空速12.0 h?1;在各自最优工艺条件下,抽余油比重油液体收率增加1.69%,生焦率上升0.02%;在相同工艺条件即剂油比5.0、反应温度500 ℃、空速14.4 h?1,抽余油比重油液体收率增加0.19%,生焦率上升2.55%;与重油相比,抽余油FCC汽油辛烷值相当,FCC柴油十六烷值降低3.7,其再生剂失活程度较小。因此,抽余油完全可以替代重油作为FCC的原料,具有很好的工业应用前景。     

Determination of oil color by image analysis

An image analysis method was developed to determine oil color based on Lovibond-red according to Chinese standard GB5528-85. For one hue, one feature of image analysis, a negative correlation with the red reading of the Lovibond tintometer (r>0.995) was found. Mathematical models were designed to measure oil color based on image analysis. Fortynine oil samples including peanut oil, soybean oil, fragrant sesame oil, rapeseed oil and cottonseed oil were evaluated to assess the performance of the image analysis models. Good agreement, r ²=0.999, between image analysis values and visual color measurement by using the Lovibond Color Scale was obtained.     

提高煤焦馏分油储存安定性的研究

为改善煤焦馏分油在贮存及运输过程中的安定性,以甲苯、四氢化萘、萘作为模拟基础油,以苯酚、氧芴、吲哚、喹啉、噻吩分别模拟含氧、含氮和含硫化合物,研究了单一和复合模拟化合物对基础油安定性的影响。结果表明：单一模拟化合物中吲哚对基础油的安定性影响最大,当两种或两种以上复合模拟化合物同时存在于基础油中时,由于相互作用,基础油的不稳定性加剧。在轻油、洗油和蒽油3种煤焦馏分油中,分别加入0．1％的稳定剂,常温储存40天后,其色度、胶质和沉渣等安定指标能够满足国标一级品柴油的规格要求。     

油页岩的开发与利用

简要介绍了抚顺油页岩工业的发展过程。重点介绍抚顺式炉的结构及干馏工艺；对油页岩的深加工方向进行了探索讨论，提出油页岩灰渣的综合利用方向。     

Kinetics of catalytic transfer hydrogenation of some vegetable oils

Catalytic transfer hydrogenation of corn, peanut, olive, soybean, and sunflower oils has been studied with aqueous sodium formate solution as hydrogen donor and palladium on carbon as catalyst. Kinetic constants and selectivity have been determined under intensive stirring in the presence of stabilizing agents. Hydrogenation reactions followed first-order kinetics with respect to fatty acids. Besides good selectivity and short reaction time, this method offers safe and easy handling. The presence of linolenic acid retards the migration of double bonds, which explains why soybean oil is the most appropriate for this hydrogenation process.     

Assessment of olive oil adulteration by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/amperometric detection of tocopherols and tocotrienols

A method involving reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with amperometric detection has been developed for the analysis of tocopherols and tocotrienols in vegetable oils. The sample preparation avoids saponification. Recoveries of α-tocotrienol and γ-tocotrienol in extra virgin olive oil were 97.0 and 102.0%, respectively. No tocotrienols were detected in olive, hazelnut, sunflower, and soybean oils, whether virgin or refined. However, relatively high levels of tocotrienols were found in palm and grapeseed oils. This method could detect small quantities (1–2%) of palm and grapeseed oils in olive oil or in any tocotrienol-free vegetable oil and might, therefore, help assess authenticity of vegetable oils.     

Application of dielectric spectroscopy to chemical characterization of oil shales

Simple models to predict the variation of dielectric parameters for Green River oil shale with selected variables, are presented. The relative dielectric constant, ε′, was chosen as a representative parameter for these computations. A composite ε′ value was derived for the shale matrix while simultaneously varying shale organic content, moisture content, porosity and mineral composition. Both linear and logarithmic averaging methods were utilized to arrive at these composite ε′ values. In addition, the influence of organic pyrolysis and thermal alterations in the mineral matrix on the composite ε′ value for the shale matrix, were considered. Comparison with experimental results are presented where possible. The utility of these model predictions for assay and diagnostic applications in oil shale technology is described.     

乙二醇装置压缩机润滑油及程控阀油系统清洗

本文针对煤制乙二醇装置压缩机润滑油及程控阀油系统油路清洗的复杂性,精密性,简叙了油路清洗的重要性、必要性,详细阐明了油路清洗的方法、步骤、注意事项、验收方法等。为今后同类型的设备油系统清洗提供了参考和借鉴。