模糊集理论与灰色关联理论的FMEA方法

在对传统FMEA研究的基础上,提出了基于模糊集理论和灰色关联理论的FMEA方法.结合模糊集理论建立评价失效模式的模糊语言术语集和模糊数,对各种失效模式进行评价,利用灰色关联理论计算各种失效模式的关联度,通过排序来确定失效模式的风险顺序.该方法克服了传统FMEA的缺陷,提高了FMEA应用的准确性和可靠性.     

基于模糊集与灰色关联的改进FMEA方法

在对传统FMEA研究的基础上,提出了基于模糊集理论和灰色关联理论的改进FMEA.该方法首先结合模糊集理论建立评价失效模式的模糊语言术语集和对应的模糊数,并由FMEA小组对各种失效模式做出评价,然后利用灰色关联理论计算各种失效模式的关联度,通过排序来确定失效模式的风险顺序.     

基于模糊层次分析的印刷色彩质量综合评价研究

应用二级模糊综合评判和层次分析相结合的方法对印刷色彩质量进行评价.选择影响印刷色彩质量的性能参数作为模糊综合评判的因素集,建立因素之间的递阶层次结构.利用灰关联分析法确定各种性能参数对印刷色彩质量的影响程度,利用saaty 1-9标度法对各因素进行两两比较构造判断矩阵,通过计算判断矩阵的特征向量确定各因素的相对权重.然后分别通过一级和二级模糊综合评判,根据最大隶属度原则,确定印刷品等级.研究结果表明,模糊层次分析法可以用来考虑影响印刷色彩质量的多种因素及因素间的相互关系,客观确定各种因素对印刷品色彩质量的影响权重,评价结果能够细致划分印刷品等级.     

供应商选择模糊决策方法

制造资源的全球化以及各种先进制造模式的应用使得供应商选择问题变得越来越复杂，加之供应商选择问题中包含大量的不确定因素和模糊因素。在分析供应商评价指标体系所应遵循的原则的基础上，建立了一套供应商评价一般指标体系，然后，将模糊集合论的思想和方法引入其中，提出供应商模糊综合决策方法并给出实例予以验证。     

化工企业环境风险综合评价模式及其应用

随着我国工业化水平的不断提高，企业对环境带来的污染隐患不容忽视。本文以山东省某化工企业作为案例，针对当前化工企业环境风险综合评价模式在不确定性的处理与指标的筛选方面存在的不足，构筑包括3项一级指标与14项二级指标的过程因子、源项因子与受体因子的指标评价体系的结构层次，进而提出了一种确定的方法，即基于模糊隶属度与模糊层级分析的指标风险水平和指标权重的方法，从而计算出化工企业环境风险的综合评价值，进而判定出化工企业环境风险等级。所举案例主要是验证这种评价模式的合理有效性，并根据这样的综合评价模式可知，若使企业的风险综合评价值下降，则应当将该企业设置在人口较少的工业区。     

一种综合赋权的改进FMEA风险评估方法

针对传统故障模式和影响分析(failure mode and effects analysis, FMEA)方法中的未考虑风险因子权重以及风险因子权重难确定这一问题,提出一种综合赋权的改进FMEA风险评估方法。该方法首先通过FMEA团队明确评估对象和FMEA范围,然后列出所有潜在故障模式,对故障模式进行打分,得到所有的专家打分评估表,再通过语言变量转化为直觉模糊数。由层次分析法确定主观权重,由数据本身确定客观权重,使用直觉模糊混合加权算子(intuitionistic fuzzy hybrid weighted, IFHW)算子集结评价信息,得到所有的故障模式的得分函数,最后基于风险最大化选取每个故障模式的最大分数,进行排名,得到最终的故障模式风险顺序。通过对静电纺丝设备进行FMEA分析,并与其他方法进行比较,验证了所提方法的可行性。     

基于HAZOP与模糊理论的台阶爆破安全综合评价

针对台阶爆破安全影响因素具有模糊性且难以量化的特点,提出了一种耦合危险性与可操作性分析(HAZOP)和模糊理论的综合评价方法。首先通过建立HAZOP评价指标体系辨识台阶爆破中存在的危险因素,分析危险因素产生的原因和造成的后果,运用层次分析法(AHP)确定各评价指标的权重;然后基于模糊理论对台阶爆破作业安全进行定量描述,得到台阶爆破安全评分等级;最后以贵州省某土石方工程为例,验证了该综合评价方法的科学性和实用性。     

舱室环境对乘员作业安全影响的模糊评价研究

目的建立舱室环境主要有害因素对乘员作业安全影响的综合评价方法,为装甲车辆设计、改造提供依据。方法应用模糊综合评价方法建立评价模型,影响等级为小、较小、大、很大四个等级,影响因素为高温、有害气体、噪声和振动,应用层次分析法确定权重系数,通过主观感受调查问卷建立隶属函数,计算等级值进行等级判断。选择某车型的30名乘员进行了调查问卷,对该车型舱室环境对乘员作业安全影响程度进行了综合评估。结果该型车的综合评价表明舱室环境对乘员作业安全影响等级为较小。结论基于主观感受调查问卷建立模糊综合评价方法,使设计部门能够对车舱环境对乘员作战的影响有总体了解,以改善作业环境。     

城市钢质/聚乙烯(PE)埋地燃气管道模糊综合评价软件

基于模糊综合评价方法、API581标准、层次分析法以及风险矩阵等理论,借助Visual Basic环境开发城市钢质/聚乙烯(PE)埋地燃气管道模糊综合评价软件。软件具备钢质埋地燃气管道风险评价和PE埋地燃气管道风险评价两个主要功能。通过软件对福州开发区某段PE燃气管道开展模糊综合评价,得到该燃气管段风险为中风险。该软件的开发为城市埋地燃气管道检验与评价提供了一个有效的工具。     

基于AHP-Fuzzy的工程建筑设计风险综合评价

  为综合分析、评价工程建筑设计的技术风险和质量风险,采用专家调查法,全面调查分析了工程建筑设计中会遇到的涉及安全、公共利益等各种风险因素.根据调查结果,采用主观打分法对各风险因素对工程质量安全和工程使用功能的重要程度和风险程度进行了评价.采用AHP方法,计算了各风险因素对工程综合影响的相对重要性权重,并进行了排序.基于AHP评价结果,采用模糊评价法对各风险因素进行了模糊综合评价.综合分析三种评价结果,最终得出建筑设计风险总体上属于中等偏低的水平,并给出建筑设计中各风险因素的重要程度,从而为建筑设计人员提供启示和指导.     

基于Fuzzy-FMEA的AI绘画服务失效分析方法

目的 AI绘画是艺术对技术的借力,存在技术挟持艺术引发艺术与技术双重异化的风险,并表征于AI绘画服务端。为规避人工智能技术在绘画领域的不当应用,从服务失效角度对其进行风险分析十分必要。方法 针对传统FMEA存在忽视不确定性模糊评价等问题,提出一种引入模糊语言评价的Fuzzy-FMEA方法,用以识别AI绘画服务风险并确定整改优先级。首先设计体验实验,梳理AI绘画服务触点,记录受试者体验过程中的抱怨反应,计算抱怨指数,为后续Fuzzy-FMEA奠定基础;其次组建FMEA小组,建立模糊语言评价集合,对因人工智能技术应用不当影响智能体服务效能的服务触点进行失效分析,计算失效风险值,并对照第5版FMEA手册确定措施优先级。结论 结合实验数据输出风险预警报告和服务重塑方向,以具体案例验证了该方法的可行性与有效性。     

Risk analysis of corrosion failures of equipment in refining and petrochemical plants based on fuzzy set theory

Corrosion failures of process equipment have been one of the main sources of risk to refining and petrochemical plants. For reducing failure risk levels and optimizing inspection plans, risk analysis of equipment failures resulting from corrosion need to be implemented. However, due to the complexity and uncertainty of the refining and petrochemical units and risks, effective analyses are hard to accomplish by using conventional risk techniques. With respect to this, a new model for risk analysis of corrosion failures of equipment is developed base on fuzzy set theory. In this model, two essential parts of failure risk (i.e., failure likelihood and severity of failure consequence) are first estimated by using fuzzy synthetic evaluation, and then integrated into a risk index by fuzzy risk graph which is established based on fuzzy logic system. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of this model, an application example in an overhead system of a crude-oil distillation unit was presented. The results show that this model is effective and feasible.     

Failure mode and effect analysis using the hesitant intuitionistic fuzzy hybrid GRP approach with ordered comprehensive weights

Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA), a multidisciplinary reliability analysis tool based on team evaluations, has been widely used in various industries. There are three critical issues in FMEA: the conversion of linguistic evaluations, the weights of risk factors, and the ranking mechanism of failure modes. Scholars have used various fuzzy theories and multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) methods to improve traditional FMEA, but there are still deficiencies. In this paper, the hesitant intuitionistic fuzzy set (HIFS), a concept that combines the intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) and the hesitant fuzzy set (HFS), is introduced into FMEA to convert linguistic evaluations. Some operators based on HIFS are proposed to process the converted data. Among them, a hesitant intuitionistic fuzzy comprehensive weighted Hamming distance (HIFCWHD) operator is proposed to compute the ordered comprehensive weight, effectively weakening the effect of extreme scores on results. The gray relational projection (GRP) method is adopted to determine the risk priority order of the failure modes. Finally, we give an illustrative case to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed FMEA method.     

基于改进的TOPSIS法与RSR法的质量改善项目综合评估

针对失效模式与影响分析中的风险优先数（RPN）方法在质量改善项目排序问题上的局限性,提出一种新的排序方法。首先,借助模糊集理论和熵权法,确定决策指标的模糊指标值和主、客观权重;随后采用改进的理想解逼近法（TOPSIS）与秩和比法（RSR）获得优先级排序和分档;同时,提出并定义了相对应的关键术语：改善主题、难易程度、发生度和改善潜力,最后,结合企业实例验证了新排序方法的有效性和稳定性。     

Modified failure mode and effects analysis using approximate reasoning

The marine industry is recognising the powerful techniques that can be used to perform risk analysis of marine systems. One technique that has been applied in both national and international marine regulations and operations is failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA). This risk analysis tool assumes a failure mode, which occurs in a system/component through some failure mechanism; the effect of this failure is then evaluated. A risk ranking is produced in order to prioritise the attention for each of the failure modes identified. The traditional method utilises the risk priority number (RPN) ranking system. This method determines the RPN by finding the multiplication of factor scores. The three factors considered are probability of failure, severity and detectability. Traditional FMEA has been criticised to have several drawbacks. These drawbacks are addressed in this paper. A new proposed approach, which utilises the fuzzy rules base and grey relation theory is presented.     

Time-varying FMEA method based on interval-valued spherical fuzzy theory

This paper proposes a time-varying failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) method based on interval-valued spherical fuzzy theory, which not only improves the limitations in evaluating, weighting, and ranking but also considers the effect of time change. The process of distinguishing time changes enables the FMEA to have dynamic recognition capability, enabling it to identify critical failure modes more accurately. The interval-valued spherical fuzzy theory is used to deal with the uncertainty of intuitionistic linguistic evaluations. The advantages of two traditional approaches are combined to improve the weight determined method. Risk factors are divided into subjective and objective types. In the subjective risk factors, which are severity (S) and detection (D), the consistency of judgment is used as the acceptance standard. In the objective risk factors, which are occurrence (O), the time-varying characteristics are considered. The occurrence in a certain period is expressed as the integral of failure intensity in the time period. Interval-valued spherical fuzzy exponential risk priority number is proposed as the criterion for measuring the priority of failure modes. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified using an example of spindle.     

企业的场址选择及评价模型

运用模糊数学的原理方法，根据企业的特点，给出了场址选择评价因素指标体系，建立了场址选择的二级模糊综合评价模型，采用层次分析法(AHP)对备选场址进行选择。     

A Failure Mode Effect and Criticality Analysis of Conventional Milling Machine Using Fuzzy Logic: Case Study of RCM

The purpose of this paper is to select the appropriate maintenance strategies for each failure mode of functionally significant item of conventional milling machine. In order to describe the criticality analysis of conventional milling machine, this paper presents a study on reliability‐centered maintenance with fuzzy logic and its comparison with conventional method. On the basis of fuzzy logic, failure mode and effect analysis is introduced integrating with fuzzy linguistic scale method. After that, weighted Euclidean distance formula and centroid defuzzification is used for calculating risk priority number. The results indicate that based on risk priority number, value criticality ranking was decided, and appropriate maintenance strategies were suggested for each failure mode. It also reflects that a more accurate ranking can be performed by the application of fuzzy logic using linguistic rule to failure mode and effect analysis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.