AAL2分组话音复接器带宽分配算法的研究

本文根据分组话音业务的特点,结合分组话音业务服务质量的要求,特别是分组丢弃概率和平均分组排队时延的要求,研究AAL2分组话音复接器带宽分配算法.得出结论:对于无比特丢弃的AAL2分组话音复接器,按平均速率分配带宽基本上可以满足分组话音业务服务质量的要求;如果适当降低ATM VC的带宽利用率ρ(例如:令ρ=0.9),则可以进一步提高话音质量,获得令人满意的话音;对于带比特丢弃的AAL2分组话音复接器,按平均速率分配带宽,可以很好地满足分组话音业务服务质量要求,获得较高质量的话音.计算机仿真证实了上述结论是正确的.     

Analysis of Integrated Voice/Data Multiplexing

-A model of a moving-boundary, fixed frame length, integrated multiplexor is proposed and analyzed. The assignment of slots within a frame to the voice and data sources is made by an allocation function. The joint distributions of queue length and expected waiting time are derived.     

基于ATM AAL-2的话音业务

电信网正朝着网络融合和业务综合的方向发展,要实现宽带网与现有窄带电信网络的有效融合,就要求宽带网能够很好地支持现有窄带网络或PSTN中的话音业务,实现话音的包传输与交换。ATM论坛最新通过的基于AAL-2承载话音业务的标准,为实现ATM宽带网与窄带网的融合提供了一个新的途径。本文根据ATM论坛基于AAL-2的话音中继标准,介绍AAL-2话音业务的原理,并给出基于AAL-2话音业务的网络融合方案。     

Performance Analysis of Statistical Voice/Data Multiplexing Systems with Voice Storage

In this paper the performances of four statistical voice/data multiplexers are analyzed and compared. The structures of these multiplexers are based on the newly proposed queueing, frame management, and integrated flow control methods. For the queueing purpose, two separate finite voice and data buffers are used to queue voice and data packets independently. For frame management, four versions of master frame management are considered. As for the integrated flow control algorithm, speech coding techniques such as variable rate coding and embedded coding are considered. To evaluate the performances of the multiplexers, analytical formulations are made from the equivalent queueing models of the proposed systems. Then, numerical results on the performance of the multiplexers are obtained by using the Gauss-Seidel iteration method. These results show that there exist tradeoffs between data and voice traffic performances for a given input traffic load and the output channel rate.     

带比特丢弃的AAL2分组话音复接器业务模型及性能分析

AAL2主要用于在ATM虚通路上有效传输话音、传真和话带数据,并可利用话音压缩技术和静默检测及消除技术来提高统计复用增益.本文分析了用服务速率随系统状态改变的M/D'/1/K泊松排队系统,为在输入端进行比特丢弃的AAL2分组话音复接器建立模型的缺陷,提出了话音分组到达率随系统状态改变的M'/D/1/K泊松排队模型,并进行了性能分析.计算机仿真证实作者提出的模型是合理的.     

移动软交换IP承载信令及语音带宽计算研究

简要说明了移动软交换信令、语音IP化后与传统TDM承载的不同;在给出R4网络架构的基础上,详细阐述了H248、BICC、MAP、CAP、ISUP、BSSAP信令的基本概念、协议栈、带宽计算方法和Nb接口的基本概念、协议栈、带宽计算方法。     

A Simpler Approach to "Analysis of Integrated Voice/Data Multiplexing"

This paper gives a conceptually and algorithmically much simpler method for the model of a moving-boundary, fixed frame length, integrated multiplexor of the above paper. The method uses a Markov chain to obtainH_{[0,R]}andH_{R+t,s}, which can then be used to solve for the same joint distributions of queue length and expected waiting time as in the paper. This method enables a practitioner to use available standard packages to obtain system performance measures.     

Multiplexing Gain of Variable-Rate MIMO Systems

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) have a potential to approach the channel capacity. We analyze the multiplexing gain of variable-rate (VR) MIMO systems in a generic framework and derive a sufficient and necessary condition for a VR MIMO system to achieve any given multiplexing gain. A pragmatic way of predicting the multiplexing gain of a VR MIMO system based on the component modulation modes is obtained     

Performance Evaluation of Video,Voice and Web Traffic Over Heterogeneous Access Networks

By simulation using NS-3 we evaluated the performance of voice, video and web traffic sharing a wireless access network connected to a wired core. We compared the performance in terms of end-to-end delay, end-to-end delay variation, average throughput and loss percentage. For the wireless access network, we considered cases when it consisted of a single technology type, e.g., WiFi (IEEE 802.11), WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) and LTE, and when it was heterogeneous, i.e., when the three technologies coexisted and simultaneously shared the same IP core. We attempted to ascertain the impact of this type of heterogeneity on end-to-end performance. It was found that this heterogeneity in the wireless access portion of the network can improve, degrade or have no impact on application performance depending on the network conditions and the application itself. Some key research challenges in Fifth Generation wireless communications are heterogeneous Cloud Radio Access Networks (HC-RANS), backward compatiblity with 4G/3G networks and providing low-latency and QoE. To achieve end-to-end QoS guarantees in such settings the interface with the core must also be addressed, especially when backward compatibility is to be assured. This simulation study attempts to highlight the impact of this type of heterogeneity on network performance.     

自相似业务流复用特性分析

现有研究将复用的自相似业务流Hurst参数值确定为各个业务流中最大的H参数值，与业务流的其他性质无关，这一结论用于网络设备的设计不利于网络资源的有效利用。本文采用简单近似估算，并用分形布朗运动模型生成自相似业务流，彩用小波分析方法估计Hurst参数值。实验结果表明，由于复用合成业务流的渐近自相似的本质，在可以观测的时间尺度范围内业务流的Hurst参数比这理论预测值小；在一定的序列长度下，复用流的Hurst参数的不仅和最大Hurst参数业务流有关，还受到其它业务流，特别是业务流的方差系数所表现出的短时突发性影响，因此对合成业务流的自相似参数具有重要的影响。     

ALA2在无线网络中的性能分析

对于信道资源有限的无线通信网络,如何尽可能地提高信道利用率是首先要考虑的问题;而对于话音等实时业务,如何保证其服务质量也是一个非常关键的问题。为了有效地解决这两个问题,ITU－T和ATM论坛制订了AAL2适配标准。在该适配标准中有一个称为“Timer-CU”的参数,用于为信元传递的端到端时延提供保证,但在AAL2标准文档中并没有讨论如何设置参数。通过分析这一参数对网络和端到端时延的影,为如何合理设置这一参数值提供了一定的依据。     

Voice over ATM using AAL2 and bit dropping: performance and calladmission control

Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) adaptation layer 2 (AAL2) has been designed for efficient transport of voice, fax, and voiceband data (VBD) traffic over an ATM virtual circuit. The protocol helps achieve low latency and high bandwidth efficiency while applying suitable compression methods on voice/VBD/fax calls and silence elimination on voice calls. We analyze the performance and capacity of an ATM multiplexer based on AAL2 adaptation. We assume that embedded adaptive differential pulse code modulation (ADPCM) is used to compress voice, and silence elimination is used to achieve statistical multiplexing gain. The embedded ADPCM coding scheme allows selective dropping of less significant bits of voice during congestion in the ATM/AAL2 multiplexer. We compare the call capacities of voice multiplexers with and without bit dropping (BD). The performance models and results presented are based on fairly general assumptions and can be used for traffic engineering and call admission control in land-line or wireless ATM systems for a variety of voice/voiceband compression algorithms. A generalized algorithm for call admission control is also described     

MPEG—2在ATM网络的传输

随着ATM技术和编码技术的成熟,ATM上可以传送增强型媒体,这使得视听业务的广泛应用成为可能,主要讨论在ATM网络上恒定比特率（CBR）或可变比特率（VBR）的MPEG-2的传输,这涉及到适配层的选择,MPEG-2帧的封装,ATM业务类型的选择等问题。     

Dynamic Bandwidth and Carrier Allocation for Video Broadcast/Multicast Over Multi-Cell Environments

Recently, broadcast/multicast over cellular networks has been actively discussed over commercial wireless mobile terminals. Compared to conventional terrestrial or satellite broadcasting systems, the quality-of-service (QoS) for edge users is an important issue due to inter-cell interference over multi-cell environments. In this paper, we introduce a dynamic bandwidth and carrier allocation (DBCA) technique by fully utilizing different visual importance of each layer in multi-layer video for broadcast/multicast services when the number of users is limited over macro/micro/femto cell environments. To ensure an acceptable video quality for edge users, the bandwidth and the loading ratio are dynamically controlled to enhance the utility through the radio resource control in accordance with the visual importance. The simulation results show that DBCA exhibits much better QoS by sending visually more important data with high priority in the cell border region.     

Performance Analysis of Reassembly and Multiplexing Queueing with Long-Range-Dependent Input Traffic

This paper studies the impact of long-range-dependent (LRD) traffic on the performance of reassembly and multiplexing queueing. A queueing model characterizing the general reassembly and multiplexing operations performed in packet networks is developed and analyzed. The buffer overflow probabilities for both reassembly and multiplexing queues are derived by extending renewal analysis and Bene fluid queue analysis, respectively. Tight upper and lower bounds of the frame loss probabilities are also analyzed and obtained. Our analysis is not based on existing asymptotic methods, and it provides new insights regarding the practical impact of LRD traffic. For the reassembly queue, the results show that LRD traffic and conventional Markov traffic yield similar queueing behavior. For the multiplexing queue, the results show that the LRD traffic has a significant impact on the buffer requirement when the target loss probability is small, including for practical ranges of buffer size or maximum delay.     

AAL1与AAL2互连互通的初步研究

在ATM技术体系中，随着AAL1技术的不断成熟以及AAL2技术的兴起，两者互连互通的问题日益突出，本文将对这个问题进行探讨，并从互连互通的结构方式，信令的互连互通，语音业务的互连互通等三方面予以阐述。     

适应多媒体业务的ATM适配层AAL2

介绍了ＩＴＵ Ｔ建议Ｉ．３６３．２中定义的新型ＡＴＭ适配层ＡＡＬ２,包括协议的细节及ＡＡＬ２的应用实例。与其他ＡＡＬ协议相比,ＡＡＬ２的优点在于更强的业务适应能力和高效的频带利用率,因此是传输多媒体业务的较佳ＡＴＭ适配类型。     

TD-SCDMA集群系统语音业务模型分析

通过分析通信中语音业务的特性和集群通信系统的特点,总结出了TD-SCDMA集群通信系统的语音业务模型。采用Erlang-C模型描述TD-SCDMA集群通信系统的语音业务,对模型中的条件呼损、呼叫平均等待时间和平均队列长度等参数用数学公式进行了描述,并给出了TD-SCDMA集群语音业务建模所需的分布参数值。文章所做的工作对TD-SC-DMA集群的初期网络规划设计、组网建设、系统资源配置提供一些参考依据。     

有限尺度汇聚流带宽规划研究

互联网分组传输具有尽力而为的服务特性,基于目前复杂的接入网结构难以满足中国下一代广播电视网中具有长相关特性实时互动流媒体流量传输的要求。该文根据统计复用框架下服务质量保障策略,分析了有限时间尺度集汇聚流媒体流量带宽规划的有效性;并根据泊松帕雷多突发过程流量模型,给出了基于链路瓶颈造成流量突发程度粗糙度的带宽规划方法。进一步分析表明汇聚流量自相似程度由具有较强粗糙度的子流决定,采用大规模接入汇聚的方式可以有效地避免由于链路瓶颈造成的突发,基于流量粗糙度的有限尺度汇聚流带宽规划方法可为下一代广播电视网的部署实施提供技术支撑。     

WCDMA的业务复用方案原理及解复用的硬件实现

W-CDMA中的业务复用方案考虑如何以灵活、有效的方式将不同速率和质量要求(Qos)的业务进行复用。以3GPP指定的W-CDMARelease'99规范中的业务复用方案为基础分析了第三代移动通信系统中上/下行链路业务复用方案的原理和特点并给出上行业务解复用的硬件实现方案。