组合捕收剂及海藻酸钠在白钨矿和方解石浮选分离中的作用及机理

通过浮选试验、吸附量测试和XPS分析,研究油酸钠和聚醚P123组合捕收剂以及抑制剂海藻酸钠在白钨矿与方解石浮选分离中的作用,考察钙离子对白钨矿与方解石浮选分离的影响,并分析海藻酸钠对方解石的抑制作用机理。结果表明:与常用捕收剂油酸钠相比,油酸钠和聚醚P123组合捕收剂提高白钨矿的浮选回收率,并降低方解石的浮选回收率,但仅用捕收剂在试验所研究的pH范围内无法实现白钨矿与方解石的浮选分离。抑制剂海藻酸钠在白钨矿及方解石表面均能被吸附,但在方解石表面的吸附量显著高于在白钨矿表面的吸附量,从而对方解石具有选择性抑制作用。钙离子的存在对方解石和白钨矿的浮选影响较小,对海藻酸钠的抑制行为也没有影响,使用海藻酸钠做抑制剂能够实现白钨矿与方解石的浮选分离。XPS分析表明海藻酸钠作用后方解石表面钙原子的特征吸收峰发生明显偏移,说明海藻酸钠主要是通过与方解石表面的钙离子发生化学反应而吸附在方解石表面。     

白钨矿浮选体系中大分子有机抑制剂的抑制性能

以白钨矿、萤石和方解石的单矿物为研究对象,通过单矿物浮选试验、Zeta电位和红外光谱测试系统研究不同大分子有机抑制剂对3种矿物浮选的影响及作用机理。浮选试验结果表明,大分子有机抑制剂对白钨矿、萤石和方解石可浮性的抑制能力不同,抑制能力的顺序为:腐殖酸钠羧甲基纤维素单宁聚丙烯酸钠聚丙烯酰胺;Zeta电位和红外光谱研究表明,腐殖酸钠在白钨矿表面吸附作用较弱,与萤石和方解石矿物表面作用较强,主要发生了化学吸附作用。     

六偏磷酸钠对方解石的抑制机理

通过浮选试验、红外光谱分析、吸附量测试、动电位测试等研究六偏磷酸钠对方解石浮选行为与表面性质的影响。浮选试验结果表明,六偏磷酸钠很好地抑制方解石的上浮。机理测试则表明,六偏磷酸钠未大量吸附在方解石表面,而是在其作用下,方解石表面的金属离子Ca2+从固相转入液相,减少方解石表面捕收剂吸附的活性点,从而实现方解石的浮选抑制。     

高碱度矿浆中含钙矿物的可浮性

高碱度矿浆中含钙矿物表现出不同的可浮性 ,其变化趋势为白钨矿 >方解石 >萤石 ,白钨矿可浮性好而萤石可浮性差。在高NaOH用量下实验室和工业试验均可实现白钨矿与萤石的浮选分离。捕收剂在矿物表面的吸附量测定表明 ,在高碱度矿浆中 ,捕收剂在白钨矿表面吸附牢固而在萤石表面吸附很差 ;Zeta电位测定表明 ,高碱度下白钨矿与萤石均荷负电 ,由于电荷间相互斥力使白钨矿与萤石处于分散状态 ,从而实现白钨矿与萤石的浮选分离。     

新型季铵盐捕收剂对白钨矿和方解石的常温浮选分离

采用二辛基二甲基溴化铵(DDAB)作捕收剂,研究白钨矿、方解石单矿物的浮选行为和其人工混合矿的浮选分离以及柿竹园白钨矿的常温精选。结果表明:在单矿物和人工混合矿的浮选中,DDAB在对白钨矿的捕收能力和选择性上均显著优于油酸,其最佳的浮选pH值范围为8~10;在对柿竹园白钨矿的常温精选中,DDAB取得了开路最终浮选精矿WO3品位51.63%,回收率43.83%的良好指标。这些都证明DDAB是一种新型高效的白钨矿常温精选捕收剂。通过对白钨矿和方解石的表面动电位分析、DDAB的结构分析以及DDAB与白钨矿作用的红外光谱分析和量子化学分析,推断DDAB主要依靠静电力与白钨矿表面作用。     

碳酸钠和氯化钙对软锰矿阳离子浮选中方解石的抑制作用（英文）

在软锰矿阳离子浮选中添加十二胺,采用浮选实验、红外光谱分析、接触角测量和zeta电位测试等手段研究碳酸钠和氯化钙对方解石矿物的抑制作用。微浮选实验结果表明,这两种抑制剂都能明显地抑制方解石的浮选。而且,碳酸钠作为活化剂,能增加软锰矿的浮选性能。浮选实验和接触角测试结果表明,碳酸钠对方解石的选择性抑制作用要比氯化钙强。Zeta电位和红外光谱分析表明,碳酸钠减少了方解石矿物表面所带的负电荷,从而减少了十二胺在其表面的静电吸附。在pH=7.5,添加2000 g/t十二胺和1500 g/t碳酸钠的浮选条件下,可得到含40%MnO的软锰矿精矿,回收率达71.5%。     

方解石和六偏磷酸钠对白钨矿浮选的协同抑制作用及机理

通过浮选试验、离子浓度测定、动电位测定和理论计算等方法研究了方解石和六偏磷酸钠对白钨矿浮选的影响。结果表明:六偏磷酸钠与方解石存在协同作用,可强化六偏磷酸钠对白钨矿的抑制作用;方解石主要通过钙离子强化六偏磷酸钠对白钨矿的抑制作用,碳酸根离子不影响六偏磷酸钠的抑制性能,过量碳酸根离子的存在反而能够减弱方解石和六偏磷酸钠对白钨矿的协同抑制作用。机理研究表明,方解石表面的钙离子在六偏磷酸钠的作用下可解吸至溶液中,增加溶液中的钙离子浓度,使六偏磷酸钠对白钨矿浮选的抑制作用增强。     

硅酸钠对含钙矿物浮选行为的影响及作用机理

以白钨矿、萤石和方解石为研究对象,通过单矿物浮选试验、动电位测试及XPS能谱分析,研究硅酸钠对含钙矿物浮选行为的影响及作用机理。浮选实验结果表明:在捕收剂731的作用下,pH值为9.7~10.3、硅酸钠浓度高于2.5 g/L时,白钨矿的回收率大于80%,而萤石和方解石的回收率分别低于10%和26%。Zeta电位检测结果表明:硅酸钠与矿物作用后,萤石和方解石的Zeta电位明显负移,而白钨矿的Zeta电位改变较小,说明硅酸钠更容易在萤石和方解石表面发生吸附。XPS能谱分析显示:硅酸钠与矿物作用后,在萤石和方解石表面出现了Si 2p特征峰,并且其相对含量分别为6.81%和4.72%,而Si在白钨矿表面的的相对浓度仅为0.35%;同时,白钨矿、萤石和方解石表面的Ca 2p3/2结合能偏移量分别为0.26、0.41和0.55 eV,说明硅酸钠在白钨矿表面可能发生了物理吸附,而在萤石和方解石表面发生了强烈的化学吸附。因此,硅酸钠能选择性抑制萤石和方解石,有效地分离白钨矿与萤石和方解石。     

捕收剂烷基二醚胺对菱锌矿、石英和方解石选择性浮选的影响（英文）

通过单矿物浮选试验和实际矿石浮选试验考察了烷基二醚胺(GE-609)做捕收剂时,菱锌矿、石英和方解石的浮选分离。结果表明,GE-609对3种矿物均有良好的捕收性能,浮选无选择性。硫化钠能增强菱锌矿和方解石的浮选但抑制石英。此外,水玻璃和六偏磷酸钠均对方解石表现出良好的选择性抑制作用。实际矿石浮选试验表明,最终闭路试验获得Zn品位为23.51%、回收率为71.02%的锌精矿。通过动电位测试和红外光谱分析考察了GE-609在菱锌矿表面的吸附,结果表明,GE-609在菱锌矿表面的吸附包括静电吸附和化学吸附,且硫化钠的存在增强了BGE-609在菱锌矿表面的吸附。     

六偏磷酸钠对菱锰矿与方解石浮选分离的影响

通过溶液化学计算、SEM-EDAX分析、ζ电位测试并结合浮选实验,以Na2CO3和六偏磷酸钠为调整剂,研究Ca2+存在体系中菱锰矿和方解石的浮选分离。结果表明:六偏磷酸钠对菱锰矿与方解石单矿物的浮选具有良好的选择性抑制作用,但在二者混合矿的浮选分离中,方解石溶出的Ca2+在调浆过程中可与Na2CO3反应生成CaCO3吸附在菱锰矿表面,使二者表面性质趋同,难以实现浮选分离;改变药剂添加方式,优先加入六偏磷酸钠络合溶液中的Ca2+,阻止其在菱锰矿表面吸附,避免菱锰矿表面性质改变,再加入Na2CO3调节矿浆pH,最终实现菱锰矿与方解石的浮选分离。     

A novel green depressant for flotation separation of scheelite from calcite

Polyaspartic acid (PASP) was used as a novel environmental-friendly depressant, and its inhibition effect on flotation performance of scheelite and calcite using sodium oleate (NaOL) as a collector was investigated by ways of flotation experiments, zeta potential measurement, contact angle measurement and infrared spectroscopic analysis (IR). The results show that PASP exhibits stronger inhibition capability and selectivity than acidified water glass, and the flotation separation of scheelite from calcite can be realized in the presence of 6 mg/L PASP and 20 mg/L NaOL at pH>6. In the presence of PASP, the zeta potential of calcite surface almost keeps unchanged after adding NaOL, and the contact angle decreases sharply. Therefore, it is indicated that PASP significantly decreases the adsorption of NaOL on calcite surface. By contrast, it has no distinct effect on the adsorption of NaOL on the scheelite surface, which is further confirmed by IR results.     

Effects of sodium carbonate and calcium chloride on calcite depression in cationic flotation of pyrolusite

In the cationic flotation of pyrolusite using dodecyl ammine (DDA), the depressive effect of sodium carbonate and calcium chloride on the calcite mineral was investigated systematically through flotation experiments, FTIR analysis, contact angle measurements and zeta potential tests. The microflotation experiments showed that both depressant agents decrease the flotation recovery of calcite significantly. In addition, sodium carbonate acts as activator agent for pyrolusite, and increases its floatability. The flotation experiments and contact angle measurements indicated that the selective depression effect of sodium carbonate on the calcite mineral is more than that of calcium chloride. As evidenced by zeta potential and FT-IR analysis, sodium carbonate decreases the negative charges on the surface of calcite mineral and subsequently reduces the adsorption of DDA collector through electrostatic forces. At a pH of 7.5, using 2000 g/t DDA and 1500 g/t sodium carbonate, a pyrolusite concentrate containing almost 40% MnO with 71.5% recovery is achieved by carrying out the ore flotation experiments on the tabling pre-concentrate.     

Selective flotation of smithsonite,quartz and calcite using alkyl diamine ether as collector

The flotation separation of smithsonite from calcite and quartz using a alkyl diamine ether (GE-609) as the collector was investigated through micro-flotation experiments and the real ore flotation experiments. The results show that GE-609 exhibits good collecting capability to three minerals without selectivity. The presence of sodium sulfide enhances the flotation of smithsonite and calcite while inhibits quartz. Moreover, both sodium silicate and sodium hexametaphosphate exhibit good selective inhibition to calcite. The real ore test results show that a zinc concentrate containing 23.51% Zn with the recovery of 71.02% is obtained in the closed-circuit test. To understand the adsorption of GE-609 on smithsonite surface, zeta potential measurement and FTIR analysis were carried out, and the results indicate that the collector GE-609 can adsorb on smithsonite surface through both electrostatic adsorption and chemical adsorption, and the presence of sodium sulfide enhances the adsorption of GE-609.     

Depressing behaviors and mechanism of disodium bis (carboxymethyl) trithiocarbonate on separation of chalcopyrite and molybdenite

This work focuses on the organic depressant, disodium bis(carboxymethyl) trithiocarbonate (DBT), as a selective depressant in copper-molybdenum sulfide flotation separation. Micro-flotation, Zeta potential, FTIR and XPS measurements were carried out to investigate the selective depression mechanism of DBT on chalcopyrite. Zeta potential and FTIR measurements revealed that DBT had higher affinity for chalcopyrite than molybdenite and the XPS results of chalcopyrite before and after treatment with DBT further proved that DBT adsorbed on chalcopyrite surface. The investigation indicates that the mechanism of DBT adsorbing on chalcopyrite is mainly physical adsorption. Locked circuit experiments were carried out and the results showed that DBT could be considered as a cleaner option in commercial Cu-Mo flotation separation circuits.     

ACTIVATION AND DEPRESSION OF CALCITE IN CALCIUM MINERALS FLOTATION

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Flotation evaluation and adsorption mechanism of medialan collector to wolframite

Medialan has preferable flotation performance to wolframite,under the conditions of the best flotation pH value 7.0 and low dosage,wolframite recovery is up to80%.Medialan shows poor flotation performance to quartz,but better to fluorite and calcite.However,fluorite and calcite are inhibited in a certain degree by adding medialan mixed with sodium silicate.Adsorption mechanism of medialan collector on wolfram surface was also studied by using infrared(IR)radiation spectrum,adsorption volume,and zeta potential.The results show that medialan can adsorb on wolfram surface in the form of chemistry adsorption,and as medialan collector dosage changes,change law of adsorption volume is similar with that of wolfram pure mineral flotation.Zeta potential results prove that zeta potential of wolfram surface moves negatively after adsorbing medialan collector.     

Adsorption of octanohydroxamic acid at fluorite surface in presence of calcite species

The surface properties of fluorite are often affected by dissolved gangue species (e.g., calcite) during the flotation process. Microflotation testing with and without the addition of calcite supernatant was conducted using octanohydroxamic acid (OHA) as the collector. The results revealed that dissolved calcite species significantly affected the flotation behavior of fluorite. Fourier transform infrared spectra confirmed that the decrease in flotation recovery was linked to lower OHA adsorption. Solution chemistry analysis indicated that CaCO₃ and Ca²⁺ from the calcite supernatant were the most favorably adsorbed species, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed the surface adsorption of calcite species. Density functional theory simulations provided a detailed analysis of the multidentate adsorption configuration of OHA, which was the most favorable for adsorption on the fluorite surface. The adsorption energy calculation showed that the calcite dissolved species were more stably adsorbed on the fluorite surface than OHA. The pre-adsorption of calcite dissolved species hindered the adsorption of OHA due to electrostatic repulsion.     

Selective depression of copper-activated sphalerite by polyaspartic acid during chalcopyrite flotation

Environmentally friendly flotation reagent, polyaspartic acid (PAPA), was tested as a potential selective depressant in the flotation separation of chalcopyrite and Cu-activated sphalerite. The depression mechanism of PAPA was revealed by contact angle measurements, Zeta potential measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) measurement. The micro-flotation tests with single minerals showed that PAPA selectively depressed Cu-activated sphalerite, while chalcopyrite remained floatable. Moreover, a concentrate containing 31.40% Cu with a recovery of 92.43% was obtained in flotation tests of artificially mixed minerals. Results of contact angle measurements, Zeta potential measurements and FT-IR spectrum revealed that PAPA exerted a much stronger adsorption on Cu-activated sphalerite surface than on chalcopyrite surface, preventing the further adsorption of sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate (DDTC) on its surface. ICP measurements indicated that PAPA had an excellent complexing ability with Cu²⁺ in flotation pulp, weakening the activation of Cu species on sphalerite surface and producing selective depression.     

变性淀粉在铝硅矿物浮选分离中的作用机理

通过浮选实验、动电位和红外光谱测定,详细考察了变性淀粉在铝硅矿物浮选分离中的作用效果和机理。浮选实验显示：非离子淀粉和阴离子淀粉在pH＜6时,抑制一水硬铝石的浮选,但当pH＞6时,却对一水硬铝石浮选有活化作用;阳离子淀粉在较宽pH值范围内对一水硬铝石均有抑制作用;3种淀粉化合物在pH＜6时均活化高岭石的浮选,当pH＞6时活化作用较微。结果表明：变性淀粉是一水硬铝石型铝土矿反浮选中实现一水硬铝石和高岭石分离的有效调整剂,阴离子淀粉使矿物表面ζ电位更负,阳离子淀粉使矿物质表面ζ电位更正,非离子淀粉使矿物表面电位绝对值减小。由实验结果结合药剂与矿物作用前后的红外光谱分析,得出结论：非离子淀粉主要通过氢键作用吸附于矿物表面,而静电力和化学键合力在阴离子淀粉和阳离子淀粉吸附中发挥着重要作用。