1,4-二乙酰基-1,4-二氮杂环庚烷合成工艺的研究

采用乙二胺为原料,与乙酸、二卤代烷经两步反应,合成出1,4-二乙酰基-1,4-二氮杂环庚烷。并通过IR进行了结构表征。考察了温度、物料配比、时间、溶剂体积等对产品收率的影响,并采用正交实验优化实验设计,最终确定合成1,4二乙酰基1,4二氮杂环庚烷的最佳工艺条件:反应时间10h,n(N,N’-二乙酰乙二胺):n(1,3二氯丙烷)为1:1.35,反应温度为65℃,溶解0.1mol N,N’二乙酰乙二胺所需DMF为1 30mL,产品的收率最高为57%。     

N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-N″-苯基胍的合成及其催化CO_2法合成二甘醇双烯丙基碳酸酯

采用三氯氧磷法合成了一种新型五取代有机胍N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-N″-苯基胍(PhTMG),利用IR、1HNMR、ESI-MS等方法对其结构进行了表征。考察了PhTMG对以二甘醇(DEG)、氯丙烯(ACH)和CO2为原料合成二甘醇双烯丙基碳酸酯(ADC)反应的催化性能,ADC的最高收率为95.3%。采用GC-MS、XRD、IR等分析手段结合实验验证对ADC合成反应机理进行了研究,推测出该反应分4步进行:第1步,CO2、DEG和Na2CO3反应生成二甘醇单碳酸钠盐;第2步,二甘醇单碳酸钠盐和ACH反应生成二甘醇单烯丙基碳酸酯(DGAC);第3步,DGAC、CO2和Na2CO3反应生成二甘醇单烯丙基碳酸酯单碳酸钠盐;第4步,二甘醇单烯丙基碳酸酯单碳酸钠盐与ACH反应生成目的产物ADC。并推测了反应体系中的主要副反应。     

一种1，2-双-（2-氨基苯氧基）-乙烷-N，N，N＇，N＇-四乙酸衍生物的合成研究

以4-二甲基氨基吡啶（DMAP）和碳化双（环己基亚胺）（DCC）催化酰化反应,合成了一种1,2-双-（2-氨基苯氧基）-乙烷一N,N,N＇,N’-四乙酸和谷氨酸二甲酯的缩合物,并采用波谱学方法对反应产物进行了结构鉴定。     

一种1,2-双-(2-氨基苯氧基)-乙烷-N,N,N′,N′-四乙酸衍生物的合成研究

以4-二甲基氨基吡啶(DMAP)和碳化双(环己基亚胺)(DCC)催化酰化反应,合成了一种1,2-双-(2-氨基苯氧基)-乙烷-N,N,N′,N′-四乙酸和谷氨酸二甲酯的缩合物,并采用波谱学方法对反应产物进行了结构鉴定。     

N,N,N’,N’-四甲基-N”-苯基胍的合成及其催化CO2法合成二甘醇双烯丙基碳酸酯

采用三氯氧磷法合成了一种新型五取代有机胍 N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-N″-苯基胍（PhTMG）,利用IR、¹H NMR、ESI-MS等方法对其结构进行了表征。考察了PhTMG对以二甘醇（DEG）、氯丙烯（ACH）和CO₂为原料合成二甘醇双烯丙基碳酸酯（ADC）反应的催化性能,ADC的最高收率为95.3％。采用GC-MS、XRD、IR等分析手段结合实验验证对ADC合成反应机理进行了研究,推测出该反应分4步进行：第1步,CO₂、DEG和Na₂CO₃反应生成二甘醇单碳酸钠盐;第2步,二甘醇单碳酸钠盐和ACH反应生成二甘醇单烯丙基碳酸酯（DGAC）;第3步,DGAC、CO₂和Na₂CO₃反应生成二甘醇单烯丙基碳酸酯单碳酸钠盐;第4步,二甘醇单烯丙基碳酸酯单碳酸钠盐与ACH反应生成目的产物ADC。并推测了反应体系中的主要副反应。     

N,N-二甲基十二烷基叔胺的合成反应研究

以十二胺、甲酸和甲醛为原料,合成了N, N-二甲基十二烷基叔胺.采用可见紫外分光光度法对合成的叔胺产物进行定量分析,考察反应物配比、反应时间等因素对叔胺产率的影响,确定最佳反应工艺条件.用红外分光光度计对合成产物进行结构表征,并分析合成反应机理.     

N,N′-二烯丙基脲的合成

本文对有机中间体N,N′-二烯丙基脲的合成进行研究,采用烯丙基溴为原料,通过氨解和酰化两步反应得到产物,两步反应总收率56 7%。另外,以尿素和烯丙基溴为原料通过相转移催化对N,N′-二烯丙基脲进行一步法合成。     

N,N’-双月桂酰基乙二胺二乙酸钠合成方法的改进

对表面活性剂N,N’-双月桂酰基乙二胺二乙酸钠的合成方法进行了改进。以月桂酸、乙二胺和氯乙酸为原料制得N,N’-双月桂酰基乙二胺二乙酸钠。考察了反应温度、反应时间、原料配比对中间体合成的影响。结果表明,N,N’-双月桂酰基乙二胺(中间体Ⅰ)的最佳合成条件是:n(月桂酰氯)∶n(乙二胺)=3.5∶1,反应温度70℃,反应时间1 h,产率为96.94%;N,N’-双月桂酰基乙二胺二乙酸(中间体Ⅱ)的最佳合成条件是:n(氯乙酸)∶n(中间体Ⅰ)=3∶1,反应温度65℃,反应时间12 h,产物产率为53.38%。产物结构用红外光谱、元素分析等方法进行了表征。     

N,N′-双月桂酰基乙二胺二乙酸钠合成方法的改进

对表面活性剂N ,N′ 双月桂酰基乙二胺二乙酸钠的合成方法进行了改进。以乙二胺与氯乙酸钠反应制备乙二胺N ,N′ 二乙酸钠 (中间体 ) ,再与月桂酰氯反应制备终产物N ,N′ 双月桂酰基乙二胺二乙酸钠。用正交法对合成条件进行了探索。合成中间体最佳条件为温度 2 5℃ ,n(氯乙酸 )∶n(乙二胺 ) =(3 15～ 3 45 )∶1 0 0 ,反应时间 2 4h。终产物的合成条件为温度 15℃ ,反应时间为 2 4h。以IR、13CNMR和1HNMR确定结构     

N,N-二(2-羟乙基)己二酰胺新型固化剂的合成及表征

以己二酸和甲醇为原料,在对甲苯磺酸催化下合成己二酸二甲酯。再以合成的己二酸二甲酯为原料,在钛酸正丁酯的催化下,与乙醇胺反应,合成了一种新型固化剂—N,N-二(2-羟乙基)己二酰胺。通过FT-IR,1H-NMR对N,N-二(2-羟乙基)己二酰胺的结构进行了表征。实验探讨了酰胺化反应中,催化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间对产物产率的影响,反应条件温和,易于操作,产率可达到95%。     

超增感剂的几何位置对超增感过程的影响

本文通过溴化银单晶上的超增感体系的Dember效应测试以及相应实用乳剂体系的研究,观察到超增感作用与体系的Dember效应之间存在平行关系,并以此探讨了超增感荆发挥最佳作用时在溴化银面上增感染料与超增感剂的相对排列位置,实验结果表明,在所研究的超增感体系中超增感剂与溴化银直接接触时超增感作用最为有效。     

Ｊ—聚集态染料超增感作用隔离机理

根据“隔离”机理，超增感作用是由于Ｊ－聚集态染料与化学增感产物之间的空间分离而减少电子与空穴的复合，“隔离”是基于有机物在（Ａg,Au)Ｓ中心上的独特吸附，这种独特吸附取决于超增感剂１，３偶极矩上的电荷蹑离是否与（Ａg,Au)斑中Ａg^ (Au^ )和Ｓ^-2离子之间的距离相符合，“隔离”机理不同于熟知的Ｇilman“原理”机理，根据本机理可通过不同结构有机物的组合应用使超增感作用获得超加和效应。     

Spectral sensitization of sprayed thin filmn-ZnO electrodes by 4-p-dimethylaminobenzylidene-1,2-diphenyl-2-imidazoline-5-one in acetonitrile solution

A photoelectrochemical cell based on a thin filmn-ZnO electrode sensitized by 4-p-dimethylaminobenzylidene-1,2-diphenyl-2-imidazoline-5-one (subsequently referred to as 5-imidazolone) has been studied in acetonitrile medium using hydroquinone as supersensitizer. The redox behaviour of 5-imidazolone at Pt and ZnO electrodes has been studied in the same medium through cyclic voltammetry. The redox potentials of 5-imidazolone coupled with the flat-band potential of the ZnO electrode (obtained from the potential for photocurrent onset) have been used to determine their respective energy levels. Transient open circuit photovoltage-time profile and transient photocurrent-time profiles at fixed biased potentials have been recorded to determine the obtainable photovoltage and photoresponse behaviour of the ZnO electrode in the presence of 5-imidazolone. The quantum efficiency of the sensitized photocurrent was found to be 7% at 455 nm (_max), the wavelength of monochromatic light. The long-term stability of the ZnO electrode in the medium of investigation was tested in the presence of this compound and was found to give a quite stable photocurrent for 10 h of continuous operation at lower light intensity. The power efficiency of ZnO/5-imidazolone in a acetonitrile/Pt photocell was also determined without any external applied potential.     

The photo-electrochemistry of the Rhodamine B-hydroquinone system at optically transparent bubbling gas electrodes

Use of the technique called ‘bubbling gas electrode’ yields very reproducible polarograms on solid electrodes. It is applied here to study the photoelectrochemistry of the Rhodamine B-hydroquinone system on optically transparent n-type SnO₂ and gold electrodes, in order to understand the operation of a photovoltaic cell based on due-supersensitizer couples.Rhodamine alone gives no photo-currents on gold, and weak ones on SnO₂; added hydroquinone gives rise to very intense photo-currents on both electrodes. Increasing supersensitizer concentrations lead to a plateau, allowing an estimate of the lifetime of an electro-active transient.Two mechanisms for supersensitization are envisioned: hydroquinone can donate an electron to the photo-electrogenerated oxidized rhodamine, reducing thus the cathodic tunnel-current; or the diphenol might transfer an electron to the photo-excited dye, producing thus a new oxidizable species. Taken alone, the second mechanism is unable to explain all findings.Action spectra, recorded for a large number of experimental conditions suggest a major contribution from adsorbed dye molecules; in the presence of hydroquinone, some contributions from the solution may be operative.     

Recovery of nitrogen by spring barley from ammonium nitrate,urea and sulphur-coated urea as affected by time and method of application

The objective of this study was to increase the efficiency of fall-applied N either by placement in bands or by using a slow-release fertilizer. Four field experiments were conducted in north-central Alberta to determine the influence of N source, time of application and method of placement on the recovery of fall-applied N as soil mineral N in May, and on yield and recovery of N in grain of spring-sown barley. The recovery in soil of mineral N by May from the fall-applied fertilizers varied among treatments. More specifically, the recovery was lowest with topdressed application, highest with banding, and tended to be less with incorporation application as compared to banding. Recovery of mineral N was least for sulphur-coated urea (SCU) compared with A.N. and urea, regardless of method of application. The loss of fall-applied N was substantial, but leaching did not go beyond 60 cm deep.Yield and recovery of N in barley grain were much greater with spring application than with fall application at the 4 sites for ammonium nitrate (A.N.) and at 3 sites for urea. The SCU treatments were inferior. The A.N. and urea had greatest yield and N recovery with banding, followed by incorporation and then with topdressing for both fall- and spring-applied N. Method of application had little effect on yield and N uptake with SCU. In all, the greatest yield or crop N uptake was obtained with spring banding of A.N. or urea, while SCU did not function well as a fall- or spring-applied N fertilizer.(Contribution No. 680)     

改性氮化铝/环氧树脂复合材料的制备研究

采用共混-浇注成型法制备氮化铝/环氧树脂AlN/E-51复合材料。借助静止沉淀法、接触角、傅立叶红外光谱FT-IR和热失重TGA等进行分析表征。探讨了AlN用量和表面改性对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,KH-560以化学键结合在AlN表面。复合材料的弯曲和冲击强度均随AlN用量的增加而提高,当AlN用量为10%时,复合材料的力学性能最佳。()()()     

甲型H1N1流感病毒实时荧光PCR诊断试剂盒的制备

目的制备甲型H1N1流感病毒实时荧光PCR诊断试剂盒,并进行验证。方法采用磁珠法从甲型H1N1流感疑似患者咽拭子样品中提取病毒RNA,逆转录合成cDNA。根据NCBI最新公布的大流行甲型H1N1流感病毒(2009)基因序列,设计针对编码基质蛋白M基因的引物和探针,检测甲型流感病毒;设计针对血凝素(HA)基因和神经氨酸酶(NA)基因特异性的引物和探针,检测甲型H1N1流感病毒;同时针对人的RNaseP基因设计用于内部控制的引物和探针。所有探针均为Taqman探针,5'端标记FAM,3'端标记BHQ1。对最佳荧光PCR反应条件进行优化,在此基础上组装成甲型H1N1流感病毒实时荧光PCR诊断试剂盒,对其特异性、灵敏度、精密性和稳定性进行验证。与市售试剂盒的检测结果进行对比,并对63份临床甲型H1N1流感疑似患者咽拭子样品进行检测。结果设计的PCR引物及探针能对甲型H1N1流感病毒进行准确检测,与流感病毒的其他型和亚型无交叉反应;试剂盒的灵敏度为0.004个血凝素单位;试验内变异系数小于2.5%,批间变异系数小于5%;试剂盒放置-20℃保存,稳定性良好;检测20份甲型H1N1流感疑似患者咽拭子样品的结果与市售试剂盒一致;检测63份流感疑似患者咽拭子样品,其中大流行甲型H1N1流感病毒阳性36份,普通甲型流感病毒阳性5份。结论所制备的甲型H1N1流感病毒实时荧光PCR诊断试剂盒具有较高的灵敏度、特异性、精密性和稳定性,可用于目前流行的甲型H1N1流感病毒的快速检测。     

N,N,N',N'-四(3-氨基丙基)乙二胺合成和表征

利用乙二胺和丙烯腈的亲核加成反应合成了一种新型有机多腈N,N,N’,N’-四（2-氰基乙基）乙二胺。在Raney Ni存在下对N,N,N’N’-四（2-氰基乙基）乙二胺进行催化加氢,得到N,N,N’N’-四（3-氨基丙基）乙二胺。并用红外、核磁、质谱等对N,N,N’N’-四（3-氨基丙基）乙二胺进行了表征,结果表明所合成的化合物即为标题化合物。     

抗人GPA~N单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

目的　制备抗GPA单克隆抗体以建立“GPA体细胞突变分析法”。方法　用O ,N型人红细胞 ,以及纯化人GPAN 免疫BALB/c小鼠 ,经杂交瘤技术制备 ,用细胞凝集、间接免疫荧光筛选 ,用ELISA、Westernblot、酶处理红细胞的间接免疫荧光标记鉴定。结果　获得抗GPAN 单克隆抗体 6A8杂交瘤细胞系。其单抗属lgG3亚类 ,λ型轻链 ,识别和结合GPAN 氨基端 1～ 8位决定位点 ,对糖链依赖。流式细胞分选结果显示 6A8特异结合二甲亚胺固定的人MN和N型红细胞。结论　对分析由于基因突变和糖基化变异所致N ,MN红细胞GPAN 突变有理论研究和应用价值。     

Expression and characterisation of recombinant human CD48 and isolation of a human anti‐CD48 monoclonal antibody by phage display

Human CD48, a membrane‐bound, glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐linked glycoprotein, is a potential tumour target for the treatment of leukaemias and lymphomas. CD48 is expressed on T‐ and B‐cells, however <5% of CD34⁺ progenitor cells express CD48. A truncated, 45 kDa soluble form of the full length CD48 was expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, and was shown to consist of a broad range of charge isoforms, with the most abundant isoforms between pI 4.5 and 5.0. The truncated form of CD48 was shown to bind to antibodies raised against native, GPI‐linked CD48 by surface plasmon resonance analysis. A synthetic, human, scFv immunoglobulin gene library was screened against recombinant CD48 by phage display, and an scFv antibody fragment, (designated N2A) was isolated after four rounds of biopanning. N2A was reassembled as a human IgG1 human monoclonal antibody, expressed in CHO cells and the binding of IgG1‐N2A to recombinant CD48 was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance. Flow cytometry studies of IgG1‐N2A binding to Raji cells showed the specificity of N2A for GPI‐linked CD48 was conserved, and presents the potential for IgG1‐N2A as a lead antibody candidate for the treatment of white blood cell malignancies. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry