玻璃表面纳米TiO2薄膜的制备及光催化性能研究

用Sol-Gel方法在载玻片上制备了透明的TiO2纳米薄膜。对溶胶的制备工艺、薄膜与基体的结合强度及光催化活性进行了研究。试验表明，薄膜的最佳烧结温度为650℃，加热速度为2℃/min，在此温度下烧结薄膜具有高的结合强度。XRD分析表明薄膜为锐钛矿晶型，对醋酸的光照降解试验表明，薄膜具有较高的光催化活性。     

锑掺杂纳米SnO2透明导电薄膜的制备与性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法在Si片、已镀SiO2的钠钙硅玻璃和普通钠钙硅玻璃上镀Sb掺杂摩尔分数为8%的SnO2薄膜(ATO),在450℃热处理温度下对薄膜结构,电学、光学性能进行表征。结果表明:薄膜以四方金红石结构存在,结晶完全;方阻值随镀膜层数的增加而明显降低,12层时薄膜最低方阻值为129Ω/□,可见光平均透过率在75%以上。随着波长的增大,红外波段的反射率逐渐增大,从15%增加到55%左右。     

TiO2薄膜电极光电转换性能的影响因素

采用溶胶-凝胶法在玻璃基体表面制备了不同粒径的TiO2薄膜和纳米SnO2/TiO2复合薄膜,将它们与不同对电极进行了光电转换性能测试.结果表明:氧化物薄膜电极经染料敏化、薄膜颗粒细化及薄膜复合化都有利于提高电极的光电转换性能.用汞溴红敏化后,粒径为25 nm的TiO2薄膜的光电转换性能提高了847倍;粒径为25 nm的TiO2薄膜的光电转换性能是粒径为136 nm的TiO2薄膜的5倍;粒径为25 nm的TiO2薄膜经粒径为27 nm的SnO2薄膜复合后,其光电转换性能提高了7.7%.     

溶胶凝胶法TiO2光催化剂降解甲基橙溶液的试验研究

以钛酸四丁酯(Ti(OC4H9)4)为前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米TiO2光催化剂,并利用其对甲基橙溶液的光催化降解作用,探讨了不同配比量、热处理温度、水解抑制剂类型以及催化剂粉体添加量四个因素对催化剂光催化活性的影响.实验结果表明,原料配比、催化剂粉体添加量为显著因素,对TiO2粉体光催化活性有显著影响,热处理温度、抑制剂类型为不显著因素,对TiO2粉体光催化活性无显著影响.     

CuS-Fe2O3纳米复合薄膜的制备、表征和摩擦学性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米CuS-Fe2O3复合薄膜,研究了其微结构和摩擦学性能,并探讨了复合薄膜的磨损机制。用XRD,XPS,及AFM研究了薄膜的晶体结构、化学价态与表面形貌,用UMT-2研究了薄膜的摩擦学性能。研究结果表明,所制备的薄膜是均匀致密的,表面粗糙度为0.30 nm,CuS为粒径20 nm的正六面体结构,并且均匀分散在Fe2O3基体中;薄膜与GCr15不锈钢球对磨过程中表现出了很好的耐磨抗摩性能。CuS的摩尔分数为8%时的CuS-Fe2O3复合膜在滑动速度为150 mm/m in,载荷为1.5 N的条件下,摩擦因数为0.08,磨损寿命为4 200次,通过SEM观察薄膜的膜痕发现薄膜的磨损机制主要是轻微的擦伤、粘着转移和磨粒磨损。     

化学镀/浸渍提拉复合法制备TiO2光催化膜

先采用化学复合镀法在铁丝网上制备出Ni—P—TiO2薄膜，再将其浸入溶胶一凝胶法制得的TiO2前驱体凝胶中，利用浸渍提拉法制备出纳米TiO2复合薄膜。研究了单纯复合镀法、单纯溶胶一凝胶提拉法以及化学镀一提拉复合法3种制备方法获得的膜层组织以及对耐蚀性和光催化性的影响。结果表明，化学镀膜的耐蚀性好但光催化性略差，提拉膜的光催化性好但耐蚀性较差，而化学镀一提拉复合法制备的纳米TiO2薄膜具有耐蚀性和光催化性俱佳的效果。     

金属丝网负载纳米二氧化钛薄膜的制备及催化实验

采用溶胶-凝胶工艺在金属丝网表面制备了均匀透明的锐钛矿型TiO2纳米薄膜，通过XRD，TEM对薄膜进行了表征，其颗粒大小在12-20nm，薄膜成膜形态良好。利用甲醛催化实验评价了TiO2纳米薄膜的光催化性能。通过甲醛降解试验，证明了该薄膜具有良好的催化性能。     

烧结制度对稀土掺杂TiO2光催化抗菌材料抗菌性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法并结合旋转涂膜法制备了稀土掺杂（Ce、Pr、Gd、Dy、Y、Eu）薄膜型光催化抗菌材料，利用TG—DSC综合热分析仪研究了烧结方式、烧结温度以及烧结时间等烧结制度对稀土掺杂TiO2光催化抗菌材料抗菌性能的影响。结果表明，各因素对材料的光催化抗菌性能均存在一最佳值，稀土元素掺杂对TiO2的晶型结构产生了一定的影响；薄膜中除Ce掺杂TiO2薄膜含有极少量金红石型TiO2外，其余全部由单一锐钛矿型TiO2构成，相比稀土掺杂TiO2薄膜对大肠杆菌的杀菌率可达93．38％，较纯TiO2（杀菌率为37．14％）杀菌效果提高了60．23％。该材料经反复使用仍具有很高的杀菌率和稳定性，极具实用价值和应用前景。     

透明导电ITO薄膜的制备及光电特性的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶方法以In（NO3）3.4·5H2O和SnCl4·5H2O为前驱物,用提拉法在石英玻璃基体上制备了ITO透明导电薄膜。详细研究了不同掺Sn比例、不同金属离子浓度、不同提拉速度、不同烘烤温度对ITO薄膜光电特性的影响。结果表明,提拉法制备的薄膜在热处理过程中由凝胶状态向结晶态逐渐转变,方电阻随热处理温度的升高而降低;导电率随薄膜厚度的增加呈非线性增加。     

Na+掺杂ZnO薄膜的结构和电学性能

以醋酸锌为溶质、碳酸钠为钠源,采用溶胶-凝胶法在Si〈100〉衬底上制备了钠掺杂ZnO薄膜,掺杂浓度分别为0,0.018,0.036,0.045,0.063和0.09 mol/L.研究了钠掺杂后ZnO晶胞尺寸和表面形貌的变化规律,用霍尔效应仪测试了试样的载流子浓度及导电类型,分析了材料的拉曼光谱与试样内部缺陷浓度的关系.结果表明:Na 离子可进入ZnO晶格取代Zn2 ,导致晶胞变大,同时ZnO薄膜由n-型转变为p-型导电;当Na 掺杂浓度达0.045 mol/L时,其电阻率为75.7Ω·cm,空穴浓度2.955×1017 /cm3.     

Preparation of functional ionic liquids and tribological investigation of their ultra-thin films

Novel ionic liquid materials based on 1-alkyl-4-[5-(alkylsulfanyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl] pyridinium tetrafluoroborate derivatives were synthesized. Ultra-thin ionic liquid films were prepared on silicon wafers by means of spin-coating and their tribological properties were investigated. The wear life increases when the chain length decreases. Under low load, they show good tribological properties which are closely related to the interaction between ionic liquid and substrate surface, especially the film of 1-ethyl-4-[5-(ethylsulfanyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl] pyridinium tetrafluoroborate, it has low friction coefficient and long wear life. So, this kind of ionic liquid can be potentially applied as ultra-thin lubricating coating.     

Preparation,characterization and investigation of molecular films coated on diamond-like carbon substrate

For the successful application of boundary lubrication, detailed investigations about the influence of preparation process on molecular films are needed. In this paper, a specially designed device was used for the film preparation. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) combined with atomic force microscope (AFM) was employed to characterize the surface morphology and nanotribological behavior of molecular films. After the liquid phase deposition, molecular films are randomly and densely distributed over Ti-doped diamond-like carbon (Ti-DLC) substrates. Through rigorous surface treatments, island-like molecular films were finally achieved on substrate surfaces. The surface friction of molecular films is obviously lower than that of Ti-DLC surfaces. Then, pin-on-disk tribotests were performed to study the macrofriction behavior of molecular films under different preparation parameters. Based on the orthogonal experiment, the effect of five preparation parameters (solution weight percent, smearing force and processing time of three smearing steps) on initial friction coefficient of molecular films was investigated. The results indicated that the order of significance levels is as follows: processing time of the second smearing step > solution weight percent > processing time of step 1 > processing time of step 3 > smearing force. For the purpose of friction reduction, the appropriate level ranges are 0.75% (Solution), 2.5 N–15 N (Force), 1 min–10 min (Step 1), 1 min–2 min (Step 2) and 1 min, 2 min, 5 min and 15 min (Step 3). The initial friction coefficient under the optimized conditions is around 0.112, and the equilibrium friction coefficient is around 0.162, which is lower than that of unlubricated Ti-DLC substrates.     

聚酰亚胺自支撑膜的制备及其表面形貌

采用物理气相沉积法,在加热或不加热的抛光玻璃基片上蒸镀N aC l脱膜剂,再混合蒸镀均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)和二氨基二苯醚(ODA)两种单体,然后在空气环境中对样品进行热亚胺化。在去离子水中脱膜后获得厚度为100nm的聚酰亚胺自支撑膜。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT IR)对样品进行化学结构分析并且根据谱线计算了不同热处理下薄膜的亚胺化程度。采用原子力显微镜,对样品进行表面形貌分析,结果表明给基片加热能改善聚酰亚胺薄膜的表面形貌。     

Numerical and experimental investigation into porous squeeze films

The paper presents a numerical and experimental investigation into porous squeeze films with a view to application in the printing process. The experimental programme was carried out using targets having different permeability and this work confirmed the dominance of hydrodynamic behaviour associated with the thick film and porous medium flow when the film becomes thin. The numerical model has been implemented via the finite element method and the prediction shows good overall agreement with the data obtained from the experimental investigation. In performing sensitivity calculations, for the physical parameters of practical interest, it was found that the inclusion of slip velocity affects the film thickness decay, but only by a small amount. When the model was applied to the parameters of the actual printing process, it was demonstrated that the volume flowrate of the ink dot which penetrates into the paper and which spreads on it can be obtained from the model, but the penetration component is negligible. In comparing predicted and measured dot gain, initial film thickness was found to be a dominant parameter and the most likely cause of the discrepancy between measured and predicted values.     

DNA分析仪的研制及性能考查

自行研制DNA分析仪,采用毛细管电泳分离DNA片段,激光诱导荧光技术进行检测。检测部分设计为共焦光路,488 nm的Ar＋激光器激发DNA片段上标记的荧光染料,发射的荧光信号由光电倍增管收集检测,激发光路和收集光路可三维调节。优化毛细管电泳-激光诱导荧光检测装置的设计和分析参数,实现了高分辨率、高灵敏度的DNA样品分析。实验结果表明,对于分析标准DNA样品pGEM-3Zf（＋）/HaeⅢMarkers和pBR322 DNA/HaeⅢMarker,标记的2种荧光染料分别为Thiazole Orange（TO）和SYBR GreenⅠ,本分析仪均获得了高信噪比的毛细管电泳图谱,较好地实现了单碱基分辨,检测灵敏度为2.4×10^-11mol/L。     

Preparation of flat carbon support films

Wrinkling of carbon support films is known to limit the resolution of electron microscopy images of protein two-dimensional crystals. The origin of carbon wrinkling during preparation of the support films was investigated by reflected light microscopy. We observed that carbon films go through several states during their preparation. While dried carbon films have a tendency to be wrinkled, a flat state is observed transiently before complete drying. This state could be stabilized by the addition of sugars or tannic acid to the embedding medium. An alternative method for preparing flat carbon films was developed, in which a sandwich is formed by two symmetrical carbon films positioned on both sides of a grid. The formation of sandwiched carbon films was facilitated by the use of grids with thin bars. The carbon sandwich films were flat, stable, and easily and reproducibly prepared.     

纳米SnO2薄膜的制备及其表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法在玻璃基体表面制备纳米SnO2薄膜,通过热处理使其晶化。通过原子力显微镜(AFM)形貌分析表明,在20～80nm的粒径范围内,可通过工艺配方参数的调整人为控制SnO2薄膜的颗粒大小。通过工艺优化制得粒径为27nm左右的薄膜,薄膜颗粒较小,分布均匀,薄膜的透明性好。X射线衍射(XRD)结果表明,随着热处理温度的增加,SnO2特征峰愈来愈尖锐明显,晶体结构趋于完全。Zeta电位分析表明,添加分散剂溶胶的Zeta电位比未添加分散剂溶胶的Zeta电位高;Zeta电位越高,溶胶稳定性越好。     

Preparation and tribological performance of lanthanum alkoxyborate

Lanthanum isooctoxyborate (LaIOB) was prepared as an additive, and the antiwear and friction‐reducing properties of base oil containing the compound were evaluated with an MS‐800A four‐ball friction tester and HQ‐1 friction machine. The chemical states of tribochemical species on the rubbing surfaces were determined by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicate that LaIOB possesses good antiwear and friction‐reducing properties. The XPS analysis shows that LaIOB can be triboreduced to La₂O₃ and B₂O₃ during friction.     

Preparation and characterization of nanoporous polyimide films from triblock copolyimides

Nanoporous polyimide films were prepared from triblock copolyimides. A thermally labile polymer, poly(propylene glycol), was incorporated into polyimides based on 4,4-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride to obtain triblock copolyimides. Nanofoams were formed by thermolysis of the labile block. The thermal properties of the copolymers were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The nanopores were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).     

Characterization and tribological investigation of self-assembled lanthanum-based thin films on glass substrates

Rare-earth (RE) (lanthanum-based) thin films were prepared on hydroxylated glass substrates by a self-assembling process from specially formulated solution. Atomic force microscope (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) are used to characterize the thin films. The tribological properties of the as-prepared thin films sliding against a steel ball were evaluated on a friction and wear tester. The tribological experiment shows that the friction coefficient of glass substrate reduced from 0.85 to 0.13 after the formation of RE self-assembled film (SAM) on its surface. And the RE self-assembled film has longer wear life (2880 sliding pass). It is demonstrated that RE self-assembled film exhibited good wear resistant property. The superior friction reduction and wear life of RE films are attributed to good adhesion of the film to the substrate and special characteristic of the RE elements.