退火对聚乳酸/淀粉复合材料性能的影响

以改性木质素(MZS)作为成核剂,通过双螺杆挤出机制备了聚乳酸(PLA)/乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)/淀粉/MZS复合材料。采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC),偏光显微镜(POM),热变形、维卡软化点温度测定仪分析了成核剂和退火处理对PLA/EVA/淀粉复合材料结晶性能及耐热性能的影响。结果表明,MZS是PLA/EVA/淀粉复合体系的一种有效成核剂,在添加1.5%MZS后,复合材料的结晶速率加快、结晶度变大;在未添加成核剂时,PLA/EVA/淀粉复合材料的结晶度为3%,在添加1.5%MZS后,复合材料的结晶度达到47.9%;退火处理可以改善复合材料的耐热性;在105℃退火5 min时,PLA/EVA/淀粉复合体系的维卡软化点和热变形温度分别达到60.4、55.0℃;PLA/EVA/淀粉/MZS复合体系的维卡软化点和热变形温度分别达到80.8、82.8℃。     

EVA对Mg(OH)_2/PP/HDPE复合材料的性能影响研究

将Mg(OH)2用硬脂酸进行表面改性后,利用熔融共混法制备Mg(OH)2/聚丙烯(PP)/高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)复合材料,并在复合材料制备过程中添加少量乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)。研究了EVA含量对复合材料性能的影响,采用综合热分析仪及扫描电子显微镜分析了复合材料热性能和微观形貌。结果表明,EVA添加5%时,复合材料冲击强度达到52.4 kJ/m2,熔体质量流动速率达到2.90 g/10min,且熔体流动活化能降低到30.94 kJ/mol,复合材料的热稳定性得到提高。     

聚乳酸/乙酸丙酸纤维素复合材料共混研究

采用双螺杆挤出工艺制备聚乳酸(PLA)/乙酸丙酸纤维素(CAP)简单共混复合材料。通过力学性能、吸水性、扫描电子显微镜、动态热机械分析和热重分析等手段,研究了CAP用量对复合材料拉伸强度、微观形态及松弛行为的影响。结果表明,随着CAP用量的增加,其拉伸强度出现峰值,加入CAP使复合材料具有较好的力学性能,同时没有影响PLA的链段运动。     

氢氧化铝对聚乳酸/再生废纸纤维材料的性能影响

制备聚乳酸(PLA)/再生废纸纤维(RNCF)复合材料,并研究阻燃剂氢氧化铝(ATH)的用量对PLA/RNCF复合材料综合性能的影响。结果表明:ATH不仅可以作为阻燃剂,也可以作为补强剂改善PLA/RNCF复合材料的力学性能。当ATH的质量分数为50%时,复合材料中ATH会出现团聚的现象。同时,ATH用量的增加,材料的热力学性能和吸水率也得到改善。     

碳酸钙对PBAT/PLA复合材料性能的影响

采用碳酸钙(CaCO3)对聚己二酸-对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBAT)/聚乳酸(PLA)复合材料进行改性,并通过吹膜法成功制备出PBAT/PLA/CaCO3共混薄膜,并采用热重、差示扫描量热、流变性能和力学性能等一系列测试研究了CaCO3对PBAT/PLA复合材料的影响.结果表明,CaCO3的加入大大增加了PBAT/PLA复...     

EVA对HDPE/EVA/CB导电复合材料性能的影响

分别研究了HDPE/CB、EVA/CB两种复合材料的导电性能,并研究了不同含量EVA对HDPE/EVA/CB复合材料性能的影响,包括体系结晶度的变化和微观形态。根据TEM图片发现,CB在HDPE/EVA/CB复合材料中主要存在于HDPE相中,EVA的加入增加了复合材料的室温电阻率,同时,提高了材料的熔体指数。当EVA含量在37.5%～50.0%之间时,可以得到较理想的加工性与导电性能的平衡点。     

PLA/橡实淀粉/二聚脂肪酸聚酰胺复合材料研究

采用熔融挤出法制备了聚乳酸(PLA)/橡实淀粉(AS)/二聚脂肪酸聚酰胺(DAPA)三元复合材料。在保持PLA与AS质量比不变的情况下(60/40),研究了DAPA含量对复合材料的力学性能、疏水性能、热性能和熔体流动速率(MFR)的影响。研究表明,随DAPA添加量的增加,复合材料的疏水性和MFR逐渐提高,而复合材料的拉伸、弯曲强度呈先增大后减小的趋势,且当DAPA质量分数为2%时,复合材料具有最优的力学性能;DAPA的加入增强了PLA与AS的界面相容性,但在一定程度上降低了复合材料的玻璃化转变温度和初始热稳定性。     

HDPE/SEBS/oib-POSS复合材料的制备

采用直接共混法和母料共混法制备了高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)/苯乙烯-乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS)/八异丁基笼形倍半硅氧烷(oib-POSS)复合材料。结果表明:oib-POSS可提高HDPE/SEBS的耐热性,其添加方式对HDPE/SEBS的耐热性影响不大;oib-POSS对HDPE的结晶温度与熔点影响较小,但结晶度随着oib-POSS用量的增加先上升后下降;采用母料共混法制备的HDPE/SEBS/oib-POSS复合材料的力学性能明显优于HDPE/SEBS以及采用直接共混法制备的HDPE/SEBS/oib-POSS复合材料。当w(oib-POSS)为4%时,HDPE/SEBS/oib-POSS复合材料的综合性能最佳,拉伸强度与悬臂梁缺口冲击强度较HDPE/SEBS分别提高了13.82%,65.38%。     

可生物降解PLA/St/BF复合材料的制备

以甘油为增塑剂,采用挤出注塑工艺制备了可生物降解聚乳酸(PLA)/淀粉(St)/蔗渣(BF)复合材料,研究了原料配比对复合材料力学性能、吸水性能、热稳定性及流变性能的影响,并利用扫描电子显微镜对复合材料断面进行了观察。结果表明:BF与St用量较大时,制备的PLA/St/BF复合材料仍能保持一定的力学性能,能满足实际加工要求;BF对PLA/St复合材料具有一定的增强作用;增大极性组分St和BF用量会大幅提高PLA/St/BF复合材料的吸水性,且组分间界面间隙变大。     

轻量化杜仲胶/高密度聚乙烯形状记忆材料的制备与性能

以可膨胀物理微球Expancel 920 DU 40为发泡剂,通过物理共混和化学交联的方式制备了发泡杜仲胶(EUG)/高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)形状记忆材料,从而实现了轻量化。采用扫描电镜、差示扫描量热法和万能材料试验机等对不同共混比的发泡EUG/HDPE复合材料的微观形貌、结晶熔融行为、物理机械性能和形状记忆行为等进行了研究。结果表明,随着HDPE用量的增加,发泡EUG/HDPE形状记忆材料的交联程度和拉伸强度降低,定伸应力增大,物理机械性能与材料内部的交联结构、晶区、泡孔等微观结构密切相关;HDPE的加入使复合材料的发泡程度增大,EUG相的熔融温度和相对结晶度随HDPE用量的增加而降低,HDPE的相对结晶度增大而熔融温度基本无变化;随HDPE用量的增加,复合材料的热刺激响应温度升高,形变回复速率减小,热致形变回复率无明显变化。     

Effect of the particle size of expandable graphite on the thermal stability,flammability, and mechanical properties of high‐density polyethylene/ethylene vinyl‐acetate/expandable graphite composites

In this article, high‐density polyethylene/ethylene vinyl‐acetate copolymer (HDPE/EVA) composites filled with two different particle sizes (45 and 150 µm) of expandable graphite (EG) were prepared by using a twin‐screw extruder. The thermal stability, flammability, and mechanical properties of HDPE/EVA/EG composites were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), cone calorimeter test (CCT), tensile test, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results from TGA and CCT indicated that EG significantly enhanced the thermal stability and fire resistance of HDPE/EVA blend. The thermal stability and flame retardancy of HDPE/EVA/EG composites were improved with decreasing particle size of EG. Although the onset of weight loss of the flame‐retardant composites occurred at a lower temperature than that of HDPE/EVA blend, the flame‐retardant composites produced a large amount of char residue at a high temperature. The consolidated char layer formed a barrier, which could reduce heat, low‐molecular transfer, and air incursion, and thus enhanced the flame retardancy. The data from the tensile test showed that the addition of EG deteriorated the mechanical properties; however, the tensile stress and strain of HDPE/EVA/EG composites increased with decreasing the particle size of EG owing to the strong interface adhesion between polymer matrix and inorganic particles. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:1162–1169, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Effects of High-Energy Electron Beam Irradiation on the Properties of Flame-Retardant HDPE/EVA/Mg(OH)2 Composites

The mechanical properties of flame-retardant high-density polyethylene/ethylene vinyl-acetate copolymer/magnesium hydroxide (HDPE/EVA/Mg(OH)₂) composites for cable materials are usually poor due to the high loading of the filler. In this study, high-energy electron beam irradiation was applied to HDPE/EVA/Mg(OH)₂ composites in the presence of triallylisocyanurate, an irradiation sensitizer. The effects of high-energy electron beam irradiation on the properties of irradiated HDPE/EVA/Mg(OH)₂ composites were investigated through the measurements of gel content, limiting oxygen index, tensile testing, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the thermal, mechanical and flame-retardant properties of the HDPE/EVA/Mg(OH)₂ composites were improved by using high-energy electron beam irradiation.     

Study on viscoelastic,crystallization, and mechanical properties of HDPE/EVA/Mg(OH)2 composites

In this article, elastomer‐toughened high density polyethylene/magnesium hydroxide (HDPE/MH) composites with various contents of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) are prepared in a twin‐screw extruder and then injection‐molded. The effect of EVA on the viscoelastic, crystallization, morphology, and tensile properties of the HDPE/EVA/MH composites is studied. The rheological behaviors show that the complex viscosity, storage, and loss modulus at low frequencies are largely unaffected with various EVA contents; however, the corresponding values decrease with increasing EVA content at high frequencies. The scanning electronic microscopy studies on the HDPE/EVA/MH composites show that the MH particles mainly disperse in the EVA phase, and the interfacial adhesion has been also enhanced due to the addition of EVA. The crystallization of HDPE diminishes because of the surface energy difference resulting in encapsulation structure. The tensile properties of the HDPE/EVA/MH composites are strong influenced by the incorporation of EVA. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:1221–1226, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Viscoelastic,thermal, and morphological analysis of HDPE/EVA/CaCO<Subscript>3</Subscript> ternary blends

High density polyethylene (HDPE), calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) ternary reinforced blends were prepared by melt blend technique using a twin screw extruder. The thermal properties of these prepared ternary blends were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. The effect of EVA loading on the melting temperature (T _m) and the crystallization temperature (T _C) was evaluated. It was found that the expected heterogeneous nucleating effect of CaCO₃ was hindered due to the presence of EVA. The melt viscosities of the ternary reinforced blends were affected by the % loading of CaCO₃, EVA, and vinyl acetate content. Viscoelastic analysis showed that there is a reduction of the storage modulus (G′) with increasing of EVA loading as compared to neat HDPE resin or to HDPE/CACO₃ blends only. The morphology of the composites was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The dispersion and interfacial interaction between CaCO₃ with EVA and HDPE matrix were also investigated by SEM. We observed two main types of phase structures; encapsulation of the CaCO₃ by EVA and separate dispersion of the phases. Other properties of ternary HDPE/CaCO₃/EVA reinforced blends were investigated as well using thermal, rheological, and viscoelastic techniques.     

EVA对HDPE光交联反应的影响

采用测定凝胶含量的方法,以二苯甲酮(BP)作为光引发剂、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯(TMP-TA)为交联剂,研究了辐照时间、乙烯-醋酸乙酯共聚物(EVA)含量对EVA/HDPE复合材料光交联的影响,并且考察了光交联后EVA/HDPE复合材料的力学性能。研究结果表明,EVA的加入会显著改变体系的凝胶含量;而辐照时间对EVA/HDPE体系交联反应影响很大;体系的力学性能随着EVA含量的增加而变化。     

Radiation effects on HDPE/EVA blends

In this article, we discuss the radiation effects of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE)/ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer blends. In comparison with the low‐density polyethylene/EVA blends, the EVA content in the HDPE/EVA blends had a lower enhancement effect on radiation crosslinking by γ‐ray irradiation in air. The phenomenon is discussed with the compatibility, morphology, and thermal properties of HDPE/EVA blends. The HDPE/EVA blends were partly compatible in the amorphous region, and radiation crosslinking of the HDPE/EVA blend was less significant, although increasing the amorphous region's content of the HDPE/EVA blends and the vinyl acetate content of EVA were beneficial to radiation crosslinking. The good compatibility was a prerequisite for the enhancement effect of EVA on the radiation crosslinking of the polyethylene/EVA copolymer. The radiation crosslinking and the degradation mechanism of HDPE/EVA blends were examined quantitatively by a novel method, the step analysis process of irradiated HDPE/EVA blends with a thermal gravimetric analysis technique. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 553–558, 2002     

Combustion characteristics and synergistic effects of red phosphorus masterbatch with expandable graphite in the flame retardant HDPE/EVA composites

In this work, the flammability behaviors and synergistic effects of red phosphorus masterbatch (RPM) with expandable graphite (EG) in flame‐retardant high‐density polyethylene/ethylene vinyl‐acetate copolymer (HDPE/EVA) composites have been investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL‐94 test, cone calorimeter test (CCT), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data obtained from LOI, UL‐94 test and CCT showed that suitable amount of RPM had synergistic effects with EG in the HDPE/EVA/EG/RPM composites. The addition of RPM greatly increased the LOI values by 3.4%, obtained UL‐94 V‐0 rating, decreased the heat release rates and total heat release, and prolongated the ignition time when 6.7 phr RPM substituted for EG in the HDPE/EVA/EG/RPM composites. The data from TGA and FTIR spectra also indicated the synergistic effects of RPM with EG considerably enhanced the thermal degradation temperatures. The morphological observations after UL‐94, CCT, and SEM images presented positive evidences that the synergistic effects took place for RPM with EG, and the flame‐retardant mechanism has been changed in flame‐retardant HDPE/EVA/EG/RPM composites. The formation of stable and compact charred residues promoted by RPM acted as effective heat barriers and thermal insulations, which improved the flame‐retardant performances and prevented the underlying polymer materials from burning. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:2884–2892, 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

超分散剂对塑木复合材料性能的影响

以松香、二乙撑三胺和12-羟基硬脂酸为原料,合成了松香超分散剂(RDH)。用RDH对高密度聚乙烯塑木复合材料进行改性,研究了RDH对塑木复合材料力学性能、热性能等的影响,并用扫描电镜(SEM)观察复合材料的冲击断面形貌。结果表明:经RDH改性后,塑木复合材料的冲击强度和弯曲强度分别提高了35.2%和21.5%。RDH的加入改善了复合材料的热稳定性,储能模量提高,损耗因子降低。     

动态硫化EVA/BR热塑性弹性体的增强研究

采用动态硫化法制备了乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)/顺丁橡胶(BR)共混型热塑性弹性体(TPE),通过在树脂相中添加HDPE的方式对复合体系进行增强,对其力学性能及断面微观结构进行了研究。结果表明,对于动态硫化EVA/BR共混型TPE,当HDPE填充量在0～30phr的范围内,其动态硫化产物均表现出TPE的特征;随着树脂相中HDPE用量的提高,复合体系的拉伸强度、撕裂强度、邵氏硬度趋于显著提高,断裂伸长率趋于缓慢增加,而扯断永久形变则始终低于25%;FE-SEM的观察表明,动态硫化TPE的拉伸断面上两相界面结合良好;刻蚀样品表面的硫化胶粒子的尺寸在5mm左右且均匀分散。     

EVA熔体流动速率对PLA/EVA共混物性能的影响

通过熔融共混法制备了聚乳酸（PLA）/乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物（EVA）共混物,采用SEM、DSC、旋转流变仪等研究了VA质量分数为28%,熔体流动速率（MFR）不同的EVA对PLA/EVA共混物性能的影响。结果表明,EVA熔体流动速率越小,其在PLA基体中分散越均匀,EVA颗粒粒径也越小。共混物的结晶度随EVA熔体流动速率的增大而增大,但PLA的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）基本不受EVA的影响。PLA/EVA共混物的复数黏度和储能模量均随EVA的熔体流动速率的增高而减小。力学性能测试结果表明,当EVA的质量分数为15%时,PLA的断裂伸长率明显升高,冲击强度约是纯PLA的2倍。