LiFe0.95Ni0.02Mn0.03PO4/C的合成及电化学性能

采用高温固相法合成Ni2+、Mn2+共掺杂的LiFe0.95Ni0.02Mn0.03PO4/C正极材料。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和电化学测试技术等研究材料的结构、形貌和电化学性能。结果表明:Ni2+和Mn2+共掺杂后的LiFe0.95Ni0.02Mn0.03PO4/C材料仍然具有LiFePO4/C橄榄石型晶体结构,且掺杂后材料的放电比容量和循环性能都得到显著改善。在0.1C和1C下放电时,未掺杂LiFePO4/C的首次放电比容量仅分别为153和140 mA.h/g,而Ni2+、Mn2+共掺杂的LiFe0.95Ni0.02Mn0.03PO4/C材料首次放电比容量分别为165和145 mA.h/g,且在1C下循环100次后容量保持率仍然为97.6%。     

镍离子掺杂对LiFePO4结构和性能的影响

为提高LiFePO4的充放电性能,用Ni2 对LiFePO4进行掺杂.采用电化学方法测量了Li1-xNixFePO4的充放电性能,用X射线衍射和里特沃尔特方法表征了掺杂LiFePO4的晶体结构.固相反应可制备单相Li1-xNixFePO4(x=0.00、0.01、0.02、0.03、0.05和0.07,摩尔分数).研究表明:少量镍离子掺杂能有效地提高LiFePO4的比容量和循环性能,其中Li0.97Ni0.03FePO4具有更好的电化学性能,放电比容量高出LiFePO4约30mA·h/g,其主要原因是镍离子掺杂不仅改变了晶体中原子间距离和位置,引起晶胞收缩;而且增加了LiFePO4中Fe3 /Fe2 共存态的浓度,提高了材料的导电能力.     

Mg-Co复合掺杂对LiFePO4电化学性能的影响（英文）

通过固相反应制备了Mg2+和Co4+复合掺杂的LiFePO4电极材料。采用X射线衍射、恒电流充放电和循环伏安研究复合掺杂对 LiFePO4结构和电化学性能的影响。结果表明:复合掺杂能够提高 LiFePO4的首次放电比容量,0.1C和1C的放电容量分别达到147.2mA·h/g 和133.3mA·h/g。循环伏安测试结果表明:复合掺杂改善了LiFePO4的导电性能,增强了Li+的脱嵌可逆性。     

前驱体体系pH值对LiFePO4/C正极材料性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了LiFePO4/C正极材料.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和电化学手段对材料进行了结构表征和性能测试.研究了其前驱体体系pH值对材料性能的影响.结果表明:当前驱体体系pH值为8.4时,LiFePO4/C正极材料具有最佳的电化学性能.在0.1C倍率下充放电,磷酸铁锂首次放电比容量为16...     

分步碳包覆合成高密度LiFePO4/C复合材料

采用分步碳包覆法合成LiFePO4/C复合材料。首先,将原料Fe2O3、NH4H2PO4和葡萄糖经过固相反应合成Fe2P2O7/C复合材料,再将Fe2P2O7/C与前驱体Li2CO3、葡萄糖混合,通过二次碳包覆工艺合成LiFePO4/C复合材料,并考察合成温度对LiFePO4/C复合材料电化学性能的影响。采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、差热-热重分析、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和充放电测试对材料的性能进行表征。结果表明:以制取的Fe2P2O7/C为前驱体合成的LiFePO4/C复合材料具有较好的物理和电化学性能,材料的振实密度达1.26 g/m3,0.1C放电容量为158.3 mA.h/g,1C初次放电比容量达到140 mA.h/g。     

复合金属掺杂的LiFePO4/C复合材料的制备与电化学性能研究

以超声波辅助沉淀法合成的纳米级球形FePO4·2H2O为原料,采用碳热还原法制备了复合金属掺杂的LiFePO4/C复合材料。通过X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM),恒电流充放电测试,循环伏安和交流阻抗测试表征了FePO4·2H2O和LiFePO4/C的物相、结构和电化学性能。结果表明,溶液浓度为0.1 mol/L时制备的FePO4·2H2O为分布均匀的纳米级球形颗粒。复合金属掺杂显著提高了LiFePO4的放电比容量,Ni和Nb复合掺杂的LiFePO4/C复合材料表现出了最佳的电化学性能,0.1 C倍率条件下首次放电容量158.8 mAh/g,1 C倍率下首次放电容量150.2 mAh/g,100次循环后容量保持率分别为98.30%和97.8%。Ni和Nb复合掺杂后提高了LiFePO4的锂离子扩散速率和电导率。     

固相法合成LiFePO4/C正极材料的电化学性能

以廉价原材料FeSO4·7H2O为铁源,以蔗糖为碳源,采用固相法合成了锂离子电池正极材料--LiFePO4/C复合材料.用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和电化学测试技术对不同铁源合成的LiFePO4/C复合材料的结构、形貌和电化学性能进行研究.结果表明:合成的样品具有均一的橄榄石型结构,以FeSO4·7H2O为铁源合成的LiFePO4/C复合材料的循环性能和高倍率放电性能均优于以FeC2O4·2H2O为铁源合成的LiFePO4/C复合材料的;由FeSO4·7H2O合成的LiFePO4/C复合材料的5C倍率放电比容量为105.9 mA-h/g,经循环30次后,容量仍高达105.2 mA-h/g.     

Mg2+掺杂对LiFePO4结构及电化学性能的影响

以MgAC2为掺杂源,采用固相反应法在惰性气氛下合成了掺Mg的LiFePO4正极材料,考察了Mg2 对于目标化合物物理及电化学性能的影响.采用粉末X射线衍射和扫描电镜技术对产物的结构、形貌及粒度等进行了表征,通过恒电流充放电和交流阻抗技术对其电化学性能进行了研究.结果表明:少量的Mg2 掺杂并未影响产物结构,但却有利于减小LiFePO4电荷转移过程中的阻抗,克服该过程中的动力学限制.在0.1C倍率下放电,掺杂LiFePO4与未掺杂LiFePO4的初始放电容量分别为136.9和111.8 mA·h/g,循环50次后,容量分别为135.6和83.9 mA·h/g;与未掺杂的LiFePO4相比,掺镁后的LiFePO4具有更为优良的循环性能.     

以抗坏血酸为碳源微波合成LiFePO4/C及电化学性能

以抗坏血酸(VC)为碳源微波加热合成了LiFePO4/C复合材料.采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、电导率测试和恒流充放电等方法对材料的结构、形貌、电导率及电化学性能进行表征,考察了VC加入量对所合成材料电化学性能的影响.结果表明:VC能有效抑制Fe2+的氧化;当添加VC为10wt％,微波功率为640W,加热8min时,得到的LiFePO4/C材料电化学性能最优;放电倍率为0.2C和2C时首次放电比容量分别为137、97 mAh/g,10次循环后容量保持率分别达95％和81％.     

锂离子电池正极材料LiFePO4掺碳纳米管的性能研究

以Li2CO3、FeSO4·7H2O、(NH4)2HPO4和Na2EDTA为原料,掺杂碳纳米管采用水热法合成了锂离子电池正极材料LiFePO4.研究了表面活性剂和碳纳米管对产物形貌和电化学性能的影响.结果表明:LiFePO4/MWCNTs样品属于橄榄石结构,在0.1C、3.0～4.3V条件下的首次放电比容量为145 mAh·g--,第20次循环的比容量为144.3 mAh·g-1.     

Structural, mechanical and corrosion properties of TiOxNy/ZrOxNy multilayer coatings

Results on the deposition and characterization of TiO_xN_y/ZrO_xN_y multilayers, with bilayer periods of 20 and 400 nm, are presented. The coatings were deposited on TiNiNb alloy substrates by the pulsed magnetron sputtering method. The elemental composition, hardness, adhesion and corrosion resistance of the coatings were analyzed.As resulted from the XPS analysis, the individual layers consisted of a mixture of titanium or zirconium oxynitrides and corresponding oxides. X-ray analysis revealed that the coatings were amorphous. Only slight differences between the microhardness and adhesion values of the coatings with small and large bilayer period Λ were found. The experiments also showed that the multilayered coatings improved the corrosion resistance of the uncoated alloy and reduced the amount of ion release in artificial body fluids.     

生物医用NiTi形状记忆合金腐蚀研究进展

镍钛形状记忆合金(NiTi-SMA)具有较好的耐腐蚀和机械性能,在口腔和临床医学中有着大量而广泛的应用。NiTi-SMA腐蚀后释放Ni²⁺会引发细胞毒性和过敏反应,进一步提高NiTi-SMA的耐蚀性是目前生物医学材料领域发展的核心之一。本文对近年来国内外有关口腔医学和临床医学中常用NiTi-SMA的腐蚀研究现状进行了总结,同时也对NiTi-SMA增材制造及表面改性技术进行了评述,以期为开发高性能抗腐蚀生物医用NiTi-SMA提供一定的指导意义。     

Li掺杂Ba(Ti1/7Sn1/7Zr1/7Hf1/7Nb1/7Ga1/7Li(1/7-x))O3高熵陶瓷的制备及介电性能研究

近年来,在高熵合金基础上发展起来的高熵陶瓷逐渐引起了研究者的广泛关注,其出现为开发高性能的无机非金属材料提供了新的设计思路。本文采用固相法制备了BaMO3基钙钛矿型高熵陶瓷Ba(Ti1/7Sn1/7Zr1/7Hf1/7Nb1/7Ga1/7Li(1/7-x))O3 (x = 0, 2.3%, 5.3%, 8.3%, 11.3%),并研究了Li含量对高熵陶瓷物相结构、微观形貌及介电性能的影响。结果表明,Li含量对陶瓷结构的影响不大,陶瓷均保持立方钙钛矿结构,且无杂相产生;陶瓷的晶粒尺寸相对较均匀。当x = 0时,即B位七元等摩尔比Ba(Ti1/7Sn1/7Zr1/7Hf1/7Nb1/7Ga1/7Li1/7)O3高熵陶瓷,其介电常数达到了最大值2920 (@100 Hz),相较于已报道的不掺Li的六元高熵钙钛矿陶瓷Ba(Ti1/6Sn1/6Zr1/6Hf1/6Nb1/6Ga1/6)O3提升了近50倍。     

MOCVD growth and characterizations of BxAl1−xAs and BxAl1−x−yInyAs alloys

Zinc-blende B_xAl_1−xAs and B_xAl_1−x−yIn_yAs alloys have been grown on exactly oriented (0 0 1)GaAs substrates by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (LP-MOCVD). The influence of susceptor coating, growth temperature and gas-phase boron mole fraction on boron incorporation into AlAs has been comprehensively investigated. It has been found that boron incorporation into AlAs could be enhanced and the optimal growth temperature range of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys changed from 580 °C to 610 °C when SiC-coated graphite susceptors were replaced by the non-coated ones. In this study, the maximum boron composition x of 2.8% was achieved for the pseudomorphically strained B_xAl_1−xAs alloys. AFM measurements show that RMS roughness of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys increased sharply with the increase of gas-phase boron mole fraction. Raman spectra of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys show a linear increase of the BAs shift with boron composition x. Based on BAlAs deposition, bulk B_xAl_1−x−yIn_yAs (x = 1.9%) quaternary alloy was grown lattice-matched to GaAs successfully. Moreover, 10-period BAlAs/GaAs and BAlInAs/GaAs MQW heterostructures were also demonstrated.     

Ag/LaNixCo1-xO3触点材料的制备及电接触性能研究

本文运用溶胶-凝胶燃烧法合成了双钙钛矿型LaNixCo1-xO3(LNCO)纳米材料,利用粉末冶金和热挤压技术制备了相应的Ag/LNCO触点材料及元件样品。重点考察了不同Ni、Co含量对Ag/LNCO触点材料微观结构、物相组成、物理性能、力学性能及电寿命服役能力的影响,对其电弧侵蚀失效行为进行了研究,并与SnO2粉体增强Ag基触点材料进行对比。结果表明:溶胶凝胶法合成的LNCO纳米颗粒粒径为20-30 nm,经粉末冶金工艺制备的Ag/LaNi0.5Co0.5O3触点材料电学性能和电寿命都优于Ag/SnO2触点材料,其电阻率低至2.10 μΩ?cm,电寿命性能达到51287次。表明Ag/LaNi0.5Co0.5O3触点材料性能较佳,是一种可以取代Ag/CdO的新型触点材料。     

Hydrothermal synthesis of superconductors Ba1−xKxBiO3 and double perovskites Ba1−xKxBi1−yNayO3

Superconductors Ba_1−xK_xBiO₃ and body-centered double perovskites Ba_1−xK_xBi_1−yNa_yO₃ have been selectively synthesized by a facile hydrothermal route. The appropriate ratio and adding sequence of initial reagents, alkalinity, reaction temperature and time are the critical factors that influence the crystal growth of the compounds. The purity and homogeneity of the crystals were detected by the ICP, SEM, EDX and TEM studies. Magnetic measurements show that the superconducting transition temperatures T_C of Ba_1−xK_xBiO₃ decrease from 22 K (for x = 0.35) to 8 K (for x = 0.55) with increasing the K doping level.     

Magnetic phase diagrams of the TbRh2−xPdxPdxSi2 and TbRu2−xPdxSi2 systems

The a.c. susceptibility and high field magnetization on TbRh_2−xPd_xPd_xSi₂ and TbRu_2−xPd_xSi₂ compounds were investigated up to 140 kOe. The (T,x) magnetic phase diagrams were determined. For both systems, an increase in the Pd content causes a decrease in the Néel temperature and changes the magnetization curves.     

High strength and good ductility of casting Al-Cu alloy modified by PrxOy and LaxOy

A modified Al-Cu alloy with high tensile strength and ductility of about 574.0 MPa and 10.4%, respectively, was obtained by adding multiple rare earth oxides (Pr_xO_y and La_xO_y) as modifier. Compared with the unmodified Al-Cu alloy, the tensile strength and ductility of the modified sample were increased by 24.3% and 42.5%, respectively. The improvement both in the strength and ductility may attribute to the finer crystal grains and dendrites, more homogeneously distributed θ′ phase precipitates and the intermetallic compounds formed at the crystal grain boundaries as well as in the space of the dendrites.     

Si3N4/Ti/Cu/Ni/Cu/Ti/Si3N4二次部分瞬间液相连接强度

采用Ti/Cu／Ni中间层对Si3N4陶瓷进行二次部分瞬间液相(PTLP)连接，研究连接工艺参数对Si3N4／Ti/Cu／Ni连接强度的影响，同时研究了连接强度随试验温度的变化规律。结果表明，在该试验条件下，室温连接强度随着二次连接温度的提高和二次保温时间的延长而提高，改变连接工艺参数对Si3N4／Ti/Cu／Ni二次PTLP连接界面反应层厚度无明显影响；连接强度在试验温度400℃时达到最大，随后随试验温度升高，连接强度降低，但在800℃前，其高温强度具有很好的稳定性。