光纤法珀传感器解调系统的设计

光纤法珀传感器具有测量精度高、动态范围大、可单端检测等优点。针对白光干涉型法珀传感器,设计了一种基于体光栅的光纤传感器解调系统。该系统采用高性能体光栅和线阵CCD阵列实现了光谱的采集,并结合高性能数据采集卡和PC机进行信号的处理和输出。测试结果表明该解调系统的温度测量精度在±1℃以上。     

光纤法珀传感器解调系统的设计

光纤法珀传感器具有测量精度高、动态范围大、可单端检测等优点。针对白光干涉型法珀传感器，设计了一种基于体光栅的光纤传感器解调系统。该系统采用高性能体光栅和线阵CCD阵列实现了光谱的采集，并结合高性能数据采集卡和PC机进行信号的处理和输出。测试结果表明该解调系统的温度测量精度在±1℃以上。     

干涉技术在光纤传感器设计中的应用

介绍了干涉型光纤传感器的基本原理,结合实例阐述了各种干涉型光纤传感器的设计方法与实现技术,讨论了光纤传感器所用光源的选择,举例说明了干涉仪在大规模、长距离传感系统中的应用方法,并展望了这类光纤传感器的发展前景。     

PGC调制—解调光纤水声传感器的研究与实现

对适用于干涉型光纤水声传感器阵列的PGC(相位载波)调制—解调单元光纤水声传感器进行了研究,分析得出了光纤水声传感器PGC检测新的带宽要求;采用半导体激光器光源及其光频率调制技术,研制成功了高灵敏度的PGC调制—解调单元光纤水声传感器,获得了稳定的水声信号,并在国家水声一级计量站完成了测试。     

利用正交偏振切换抗偏振衰落和抑制偏振噪声

干涉型光纤传感器是一种高灵敏度的传感器,在许多领域都具有重要应用价值,而偏振衰落是这种传感器中需要解决的一个重要问题。提出采用脉冲正交偏振切换及基于相位生成载波(PGC)的信号合成算法来实现抗偏振衰落。阐述了正交偏振切换方法的基本理论,分析了以PGC解调为基础的正交偏振切换合成算法的原理,搭建了实验系统进行实验研究。结果表明,当光纤中偏振态受到扰动时,通过正交偏振切换及合成算法,合成的结果等效干涉度可以稳定在0.93~0.94之间;解调结果的噪声可以达到四路偏振通道噪声的最低水平。该方法可以消除传输光纤中偏振扰动所造成的低频相位漂移,使解调结果不受传输光纤中偏振态扰动的影响。长时间的噪声监测结果表明,PGC调制频率为8kHz时,系统噪声达到了-96dB/槡Hz(1kHz),与同一系统中采用法拉第旋镜作为反射镜测得的本底噪声相当。该方法为解决干涉型光纤传感器时分复用阵列,特别是基于光纤光栅的干涉型准分布式光纤传感器和分布式传感系统中的偏振衰落问题提供了一种可行的途径。     

光开关选通的光纤激光水听器时分复用阵列

为了降低传感器系统的成本及体积,利用光纤激光传感单元的特性,采用光开关选通的光纤激光水听器时分复用技术,构建了实用的基于光开关的4元光纤激光水听器时分阵列。进行了理论分析和实验验证,分析了使用光开关选通的光纤激光水听器时分复用阵列方案的选通脉宽和损耗,指出了各通道光脉冲对干涉信号的采样率的限制因素。结果表明,光开关选通的光纤激光水听器时分阵列可以很好地完成复用信号的采集和复用,实验中4元时分复用水听器相邻通道的串扰为-17dB。     

声发射光纤检测方法的研究

给出了Michelson干涉式光纤声发射(AE)传感器、Fabery-Perot干涉式光纤(AE)传感器、Mach-Zehnder干涉式光纤AE传感器、Sagnac干涉式光纤声发射传感器的检测原理。同时给出基于以上干涉式光纤声发射传感器的检测技术在一些领域的应用。最后给出声发射光纤检测技术不足及其发展趋势。     

偏振态调制的偏振无关的干涉型光纤传感器

针对低双折射光纤双束干涉型传感器两壁偏振态随机变化引起的信号衰落,提出了一种新型干涉型光纤传感器的消偏振衰落方案。通过在光纤干涉仪的任何一臂加对光波偏振态适当的高频调制,在输出端高频滤波后,可以消除仪两壁偏振态的随机变化的影响,获得干涉信号可见度为0.707的稳定输出,从而实现干涉型光纤传感器的消偏振衰落。     

椭圆芯型多模光纤

椭圆芯型多模光纤多模光纤在干涉传感器、参考信号传输系统和非线性光学装置的应用前景决定了对其偏振性质研究的迫切性。对短轴对称多模光纤的研究表明［１］，它们拥有低双折射（～１０－６）。多模光纤导光芯型低双折射的存在能沿它们传输线偏振辐射，其偏振面与多模光...     

基于部分保偏器件的干涉型光纤传感器

在单模光纤构成的干涉型光纤传感器中,存在偏振衰落问题,将导致干涉效率降低.而为了消偏振衰落采用全保偏器件的光纤传感器成本过于高昂,影响其实用性.以马赫.泽德干涉仪为基础,用反馈信号控制偏振控制器加起偏器的结构消除了偏振衰落,构造了基于部分保偏器件的干涉型光纤传感器.实验得到系统输出信噪比稳定在60 dB左右.     

基于光子晶体光纤环镜的光纤传感器的研究及进展

对国内外已报道的基于光子晶体光纤环镜的光纤传感器进行了综述。总结了多种基于光子晶体光纤环镜的光纤传感器,包括应力、温度、微弯、扭曲和气压传感器。介绍了各种传感器的原理和优势,并对基于光子晶体光纤环镜的光纤传感器的发展进行了展望。     

Notes on the dynamic behavior of hysteretic devices

A large class of sensors has nonlinear input-output characteristics; the task of addressing their dynamic behavior is very interesting. These sensors include magnetic field sensors (fluxgate sensors), SQUID devices, ferroelectric sensors, and mechanical sensors made of piezoelectric materials. Over the past few years there has been increasing interest in the sensing properties of ferroelectric devices based on piezoelectric, dielectric, and conduction phenomena. The principal types of sensors are infrared sensors, pressure sensors, force and motion sensors, flow sensors, hydrophones, ultrasonic transducers for medical imaging, and material testing and temperature sensors. Several application fields are automotive, aerospace, communications, and environmental monitoring. Nonvolatile random access memories are another field of application. A conceptual understanding of switching dynamics for these devices is of scientific and technological interest and requires experiments to observe their static and dynamic behavior and to develop suitable models. In the field of measurement devices, for example, the design of sensors and actuators requires the use of efficient models. This emphasizes the need for both models and user friendly experimental setup allowing for the characterization of such classes of devices. Following sections describe the behavior of a ferroelectric device and an innovative analytical model aimed to predict its dynamics.     

激光威胁告警中传感器技术的应用与分析

随着激光武器的发展,激光告警系统变得极其重要,而在激光告警系统中最关键的部件是传感器。按激光告警中传感器组成形式进行了分类并介绍了其组成结构。对于激光告警中的复合传感器技术、CCD型离轴传感器技术、干涉型光纤传感器、集成传感器、多传感器进行了深入的探讨。最后简要分析了传感器的发展趋势。     

基于石墨烯压阻效应的压力传感器研究进展

与传统的硅阻型压力传感器、陶瓷型压力传感器相比,石墨烯压力传感器具有测量灵敏度更高、测量范围更广的优点。对几种石墨烯压力传感器的研究进展进行综述。根据制作工艺的不同,将石墨烯压力传感器分为单层型和多层型。根据两大类型,列举最近六种石墨烯压力传感器的基本制作过程和测量范围、检测灵敏度等特性。根据六种石墨烯压力传感器的对比结果,得到单层型与多层型石墨烯压力传感器的不同工作特性及应用环境。针对单层型和多层型石墨烯传感器,分别提出提高性能的可行方案,对此类传感器的实际应用与推广具有一定的指导意义。     

Optical fibre nanotaper sensors

This paper reviews the work carried out in the recent years on sensors which exploit optical fibre nanotapers (OFN). After a brief introduction on the morphology, fabrication and properties of OFN, this paper will review the various OFN sensors. This type of sensors are extremely compact and relatively robust, are usually unperturbed by electromagnetic interference and can be interrogated remotely. In this review sensors will be grouped in three categories according to their morphology: linear sensors, resonant sensors and tip sensors. While linear and resonant sensors exploit the fraction of power propagating in the evanescent field (outside the nanotaper physical boundary), tip sensors exploit light confined within the nanotaper to excite/detect variations within a very limited area.     

Current status of micro- and nano-structured optical fiber sensors

Recently developed micro- and nano-structured optical fiber sensors, with particular reference to surface plasmon resonance (SPR) fiber sensors and photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensors are reviewed. SPR fiber sensors can have diverse structures such as D-shape, cladding-off, fiber tip or tapered fiber structures. Some of the recently developed novel structures include the use of various types of fiber gratings in SPR fiber sensors. PCF sensors cover diverse recent developments on photonic-bandgap fiber, holey fiber, hole-assisted fiber and Bragg fiber sensors. Major applications of these include gas sensors and bio-sensors. These micro- and nano-structured fiber sensors have attracted considerable research and development interest, because of their distinct advantages, which include high sensitivity, small sensor head footprint and the flexibility of the optical fibers. They are also of academic interest, and many novel ideas are continuously developed.     

Hybrid Sensor Calibration Scheme for Mobile Crowdsensing–Based City‐Scale Environmental Measurements

In this paper, we propose a hybrid sensor calibration scheme for mobile crowdsensing applications. As the number of newly produced mobile devices containing embedded sensors continues to rise, the potential to use mobile devices as a sensor data source increases. However, because mobile device sensors are generally of a lower performance and cost than dedicated sensors, sensor calibration is crucial. To enable more accurate measurements of natural phenomena through the use of mobile device sensors, we propose a hybrid sensor calibration scheme for such sensors; the scheme makes use of mobile device sensors and existing sensing infrastructure, such as weather stations, to obtain dense data. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme supports low mean square errors. As a practical application of our proposed scheme, we built a temperature map of a city using six mobile phone sensors and six reference sensors. Thanks to the mobility of the sensors and the proposed scheme, our map presents more detailed information than infrastructure‐based measurements.     

用于臭氧技术产品中的传感器

简述了传感器在臭氧技术产品中的应用。对臭氧技术产品中使用最多的温度传感器、光传感器和红外遥控技术的工作原理进行了详述。进一步对应用于臭氧技术产品中的传感器进行了分类,并对压力式温度传感器、热敏传感器、双金属热保护器、热聚合开关、光敏二极管和红外遥控技术的工作原理、使用场所进行了逐一介绍。设计了几个使用这些传感器来对臭氧产品进行控制的控制电路。     

Wide-Dynamic-Range CMOS Image Sensors—Comparative Performance Analysis

A large variety of solutions for widening the dynamic range (DR) of CMOS image sensors has been proposed throughout the years. We propose a set of criteria upon which an effective comparative analysis of the performance of wide-DR (WDR) sensors can be done. Sensors for WDR are divided into seven categories: 1) companding sensors; 2) multimode sensors; 3) clipping sensors; 4) frequency-based sensors; 5) time-to-saturation (time-to-first spike) sensors; 6) global-control-over-the-integration-time sensors; and 7) autonomous-control-over-the-integration-time sensors. The comparative analysis for each category is based upon the quantitative assessments of the following parameters: signal-to-noise ratio, DR extension, noise floor, minimal transistor count, and sensitivity. These parameters are assessed using consistent assumptions and definitions, which are common to all WDR sensor categories. The advantages and disadvantages of each category in the sense of power consumption and data rate are discussed qualitatively. The influence of technology advancements on the proposed set of criteria is discussed as well.     

陶瓷传感器及应用

阐述了传感器的作用及在国民经济发展中占有的位置;介绍了利用陶瓷材料的功能制作的各种类型的陶瓷传感器及其应用.对湿度传感器、气体传感器、超声波传感器进行了市场预测.