芝麻油的掺伪鉴别

芝麻油俗称香油,是胡麻科植物芝麻的种子压榨而成的.芝麻油的主要成分为油酸、亚油酸、软脂酸、硬脂酸等脂肪酸甘油酯,此外,还含有维生素E、芝麻酚、芝麻酚林等.     

植物油中主要脂肪酸含量的分析

本文通过气相色谱法对市售油茶籽油、橄榄油、棕榈油、大豆油、菜籽油、葵花仁油、玉米油和花生油等植物油中的饱和脂肪酸如豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、十七烷酸、硬脂酸与不饱和脂肪酸如棕榈油酸、十七碳一烯酸、油酸、亚油酸组成进行分析,其中油茶籽油与橄榄油脂肪酸组成比例最为接近,油茶籽油中油酸含量高达80%,葵花仁油中亚油酸含量最高达63%,而棕榈油中饱和脂肪酸含量最高达42%,此法可通过主要脂肪酸的相对含量快速有效的区分不同种类的植物油。     

婴幼儿配方奶粉中缩水甘油脂肪酸酯含量的测定

建立了气相色谱-质谱法测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中缩水甘油脂肪酸酯(GEs)含量的方法,并对水解时间、中和后溶液的酸度、氯代反应时间进行了优化。在最佳条件下进行方法学指标的验证,缩水甘油脂肪酸酯在16.9～507.6μg/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系(r0.999),方法的检出限(3 S/N)为0.005 mg/kg(以奶粉中缩水甘油计),回收率为93.5%～103%,RSD为3.70%～5.75%(n=6)。该方法的准确度好、灵敏度高,适用于婴幼儿配方奶粉中缩水甘油脂肪酸酯含量测定。     

金属氧化物催化山梨醇与油酸的酯化反应研究

失水山梨醇单油酸酯(Span-80)由山梨醇失水并与油酸发生酯化反应生成,由于山梨醇是六元醇,易氧化,反应活性点多,其失水山梨醇有多种,因此失水山梨醇单油酸酯实际是失水山梨醇与油酸的单酯、双酯和三酯为主的混合物.文中建立了失水山梨醇油酸的单酯、双酯和三酯混合物组成分析的高效液相色谱分析方法,研究了金属氧化物对山梨醇和油酸的催化酯化反应.结果表明:用两性金属氧化物代替NaOH作催化剂可以降低反应温度20℃～30℃,缩短反应时间5 h,减少了能耗和氧化副反应,且两性金属氧化物催化所得产品中的失水山梨醇单油酸酯的比例高于用NaOH作催化剂所得产品的失水山梨醇单油酸酯的比例.     

润滑涂料

1.润滑涂料是由30～65%重量份的锡粉、5～20%重量份的巨四氟乙烯树脂、15～35%重量份的醇酸树脂,分散溶解于溶剂中组成的。2.润滑涂料是由30～65%重量份的锡粉、5～20%重量份的巨四氟乙烯树脂、15～35%重量份的醇酸树脂、低于1%重量份的石蜡、高级脂肪酸或高级酯肪酸酯中的任意一种或两种材料,分散溶解于溶剂中组成的。     

新疆产水飞蓟油的脂肪酸组成和相对含量分析

用GC-MS联用技术检测分析经甲酯化处理的新疆产水飞蓟精油中脂肪酸的组成及其相对含量,共检测出7种脂肪酸,其组成和相对含量分别为:棕榈酸10.53%,硬脂酸3.80%,山嵛酸0.74%,油酸45.42%,亚油酸36.33%,亚麻酸0.80%,花生酸1.07%。新疆产水飞蓟油的脂肪酸组成与文献报道的中国其他产地的水飞蓟油的脂肪酸组成基本相同,但水飞蓟油中各种脂肪酸的含量与文献报道的中国其他产地水飞蓟油的各种脂肪酸含量有显著的不同,亚油酸含量为所有文献中报道最低,油酸含量为所有文献中报道最高。新疆产水飞蓟油中总饱和脂肪酸:总单不饱和脂肪酸:总多不饱和脂肪酸的比值为1∶3∶2.5,是一种天然营养均衡植物油。     

松香基多功能单体的合成和性能分析

以马来海松酸为原料,草酰氯为酰基化试剂,先合成马来海松酸酰氯,再与丙烯酸-β-羟基乙基酯酯化,合成马来海松酸(β-丙烯酰氧基乙基)酯,产率为50％,质量分数为99％以上.采用FT-IR、GC-MS、HPLC、1 H-NMR、13C-NMR和DSC对其结构和性能进行分析.结果表明,马来海松酸(β-丙烯酰氧基乙基)酯是一种含有酸酐基团的白色晶体,熔点为99.11℃,加热到熔点以上可以发生自聚合反应,均聚物玻璃化转变温度约为60.96℃.马来海松酸(β-丙烯酰氧基乙基)酯具有酸酐和丙烯酰氧基团,可以应用于合成环氧树脂、不饱和树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂、热固性树脂等.     

芝麻油掺伪鉴别

芝麻油俗称香油,是胡麻科植物芝麻的种子压榨而成的。芝麻油的主要成分为油酸、亚油酸、软脂酸、硬脂酸等脂肪酸甘油酯,此外,还含有维生素E、芝麻酚、芝麻酚林等。芝麻油按加工工艺又可分为水法加工制取的小磨香油和用机榨法生产的机制香油两种。由于芝麻油价格高于其他植物油,部分生产者利用芝麻油特殊而浓厚的香味,在芝麻油中添加其他植物油后,冒充芝麻油出售。笔者根据日常工作经验,向广大读者推荐以下实用的鉴别方法。一、芝麻油的感官鉴别①色泽检验:小磨香油质检颜色为红中带黄,机榨香油比小磨香油颜色浅淡。如果在香油中掺入菜子油…     

改性Mg（OH）2阻燃剂生产方法

本发明氢氧化镁阻燃剂采用磷酸酯盐、硅酸盐、硼酸盐和硼酸改性，平均粒径≤0．15μm，折射指数1．55-1．57，阻燃剂粉粒涂上偶联剂、高级脂肪酸及其碱式盐、多元醇高级脂肪酸酯、磷酸盐、阴离子表面活性剂、有机硅氧烷、有机硅烷或有机硅氮烷，由100重量份的树脂加5-350份的本发明阻燃剂制得树脂复合物，本发明产品颗粒小，折射指数低，在树脂中分散性好，适用于透明制品。     

增塑剂乙酰聚合甘油不饱和脂肪酸多酯的合成及应用

以自制二聚甘油和油酸为原料进行酯化反应合成聚甘油不饱和脂肪酸多酯,再与乙酸酐反应得到乙酰聚甘油不饱和脂肪酸多酯。采用单因素试验研究反应温度、反应时间、聚甘油与油酸摩尔比、催化剂用量对酯化率的影响,确定最优合成工艺条件为反应温度215℃、反应时间3 h、油酸与聚甘油摩尔比4∶1、催化剂用量1.5%,该条件下酯化率为87.7%。采用红外光谱、热重分析、凝胶渗透色谱对产物进行了表征。热重分析表明当温度达到500℃时,残留质量为0.21%;凝胶渗透色谱分析结果表明,珚Mn为2354,珚Mw为3050,珚Mz为6549,相对分子质量分布指数为1.2957;拉伸强度为(22.69±3.10)MPa,断裂伸长率为(65.21±5.25)%。     

清溪乌鳖油脂肪酸的气相色谱-质谱联用分析

采用气相色谱-质谱法对清溪乌鳖油脂中脂肪酸组成进行分析。共检测到22种脂肪酸,其中单不饱和脂肪酸6种,多不饱和脂肪酸9种,饱和脂肪酸7种。清溪乌鳖富含ω-3脂肪酸,含量达16.69%。此外清溪乌鳖油中9-十八碳烯酸（油酸）和9-十六碳烯酸（棕榈油酸）的含量也较高。本研究为清溪乌鳖油在生物制药和营养保健品领域的开发应用提...     

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence derivatization reagents for carboxylic acids and amines in high-performance liquid chromatography using tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II)

2-(2-Aminoethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidine and N-(3-aminopropyl)pyrrolidine (NAPP) were found to be selective and sensitive derivatization reagents for carboxylic acid by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrogenerated chemiluminescence detection using tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II). Free fatty acids and ibuprofen were used as model compounds of carboxylic acids, and the derivatization conditions were optimized with myristic acid as a representative of free fatty acids. All the fatty acids tested were reacted with NAPP to produce highly sensitive derivatives under the mild reaction conditions of room temperature for 30 min in acetonitrile containing 2-bromo-1-ethylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate and 9-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-2-one. The chemiluminescence intensities were similar for all fatty acids. The derivatives obtained from 10 free fatty acids were completely separated by reversed-phase chromatography under isocratic elution conditions. The on-column detection limits (signal-to-noise ratio of 3) with proposed HPLC separation and chemiluminescence detection were 70 and 45 fmol for myristic acid and ibuprofen, respectively. The free fatty acids in human plasma were successfully determined using the present method. Histamine, a model compound of primary amines, was also determined after precolumn derivatization with 3-(diethylamino)propionic acid at room temperature for 60 min in acetonitrile containing N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 3,4-dihydro-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazine with the detection limit of 70 fmol.     

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence derivatization reagent, 3-isobutyl-9,10-dimethoxy-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-ylamine,for carboxylic acid in high-performance liquid chromatography using tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II)

3-Isobutyl-9,10-dimethoxy-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-ylamine (IDHPIA) was found to be a selective and highly sensitive derivatization reagent for carboxylic acid by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrogenerated chemiluminescence detection using tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II). Free fatty acids and phenylbutylic acid were used as model compounds of carboxylic acids, and the derivatization conditions were optimized with myristic acid. Under the mild reaction conditions of room temperature for 45 min in acetonitrile containing 2-bromo-1-ethylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate and 9-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyridol1,2-a]pyrimidin-2-one, all the fatty acids tested were reacted with IDHPIA to produce highly sensitive derivatives. The chemiluminescence intensity was essentially the same for all fatty acids. The derivatives obtained from 10 free fatty acids were completely separated by reversed-phase chromatography under isocratic elution conditions. The on-column detection limit (signal-to-noise ratio of 3) with proposed HPLC separation and chemiluminescence detection was 0.5 and 0.6 fmol for myristic acid and phenylbutylic acid, respectively. IDHPIA was 100-fold more sensitive than previously developed reagents (Morita, H.; Konishi, M. AnaL Chem. 2002, 74, 1584-1589). The free fatty acids in human serum were successfully determined using the present method.     

Conjugates of unsaturated fatty acids with propylene glycol as potentially less-irritant skin penetration enhancers

Fatty acids (FA) are well known as efficient enhancers for transdermal delivery of drugs; however, their frequent dermal toxicity limits their regular use. In order to utilize the fatty acid as a safe enhancer devoid of its irritant effect, we have synthesized and evaluated a series of fatty acids conjugated to propylene glycol (FA-PG). Each one of the conjugates was prepared as a mono- or di- acyl ester derivative. The effects of the synthetic enhancers on the porcine skin permeability were evaluated in a diffusion cell system using lidocaine as the model drug. In addition, in vivo examinations in rabbits were preformed for skin toxicological evaluation. The results indicate that among the FA-PG conjugates, oleic acid (C18:1(n-9))-PG, linoleic acid (C18:2(n-6))-PG and alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3(n-3))-PG, mono- or di-esters, enhance the penetration of lidocaine relatively to the vehicle (without enhancer). The conjugates of oleic acid (C18:1(n-9)) and linoleic acid (C18:2(n-6)) with PG have demonstrated a similar enhancing effect as the corresponding free fatty acids. Interestingly, although the mono- or the di- conjugates of alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3(n-3)) with PG enhanced the lidocaine flux as the other two fatty acid conjugates, they resulted in a reduced permeability as compared to the action of their free acid. In addition, the mono-conjugates of alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3(n-3)) with PG exhibited elevated skin irritation in rabbits (relative to the fatty acid alone) compared to the significantly reduced irritation of oleate-PG and linoeate-PG mono-conjugates. In conclusion, except saturated FA-PG and alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3(n-3)) - PG mono-conjugates, unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., oleic and linoleic acids) after conjugation to PG may be safe and effective enhancers for delivering topical drugs.     

Conjugates of Unsaturated Fatty Acids with Propylene Glycol as Potentially Less-Irritant Skin Penetration Enhancers

Fatty acids (FA) are well known as efficient enhancers for transdermal delivery of drugs; however, their frequent dermal toxicity limits their regular use. In order to utilize the fatty acid as a safe enhancer devoid of its irritant effect, we have synthesized and evaluated a series of fatty acids conjugated to propylene glycol (FA-PG). Each one of the conjugates was prepared as a mono- or di- acyl ester derivative. The effects of the synthetic enhancers on the porcine skin permeability were evaluated in a diffusion cell system using lidocaine as the model drug. In addition, in vivo examinations in rabbits were preformed for skin toxicological evaluation. The results indicate that among the FA-PG conjugates, oleic acid (C18:1_n–9)-PG, linoleic acid (C18:2_n–6)-PG and α-linolenic acid (C18:3_n–3)-PG, mono- or di-esters, enhance the penetration of lidocaine relatively to the vehicle (without enhancer). The conjugates of oleic acid (C18:1_n–9) and linoleic acid (C18:2_n–6) with PG have demonstrated a similar enhancing effect as the corresponding free fatty acids. Interestingly, although the mono- or the di- conjugates of α-linolenic acid (C18:3_n–3) with PG enhanced the lidocaine flux as the other two fatty acid conjugates, they resulted in a reduced permeability as compared to the action of their free acid. In addition, the mono-conjugates of α-linolenic acid (C18:3_n–3) with PG exhibited elevated skin irritation in rabbits (relative to the fatty acid alone) compared to the significantly reduced irritation of oleate-PG and linoeate-PG mono-conjugates. In conclusion, except saturated FA-PG and α-linolenic acid (C18:3_n–3)—PG mono-conjugates, unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., oleic and linoleic acids) after conjugation to PG may be safe and effective enhancers for delivering topical drugs.     

马铃薯渣可食性膜的制备及其微观结构分析

为了拓展马铃薯薯渣的应用领域及可食膜材料种类,以马铃薯薯渣为原料,海藻酸钠和壳聚糖为成膜剂,甘油为增塑剂,硬脂酸为脂肪类物质,采用流延法制备马铃薯薯渣可食性内包装膜。通过正交试验设计及分析,得出马铃薯薯渣可食性内包装膜的最佳工艺参数:马铃薯薯渣添加量为15 g,海藻酸钠为1.2 g,壳聚糖为0.2 g,甘油为1 mL,硬脂酸为0.2 g,并利用SEM扫描电镜、红外光谱、X-衍射对可食性膜的相容性进行了分析。     

脂肪酸多元低共熔物的共晶质量比例、储热性能及其应用

以单一脂肪酸癸酸(CA)、月桂酸(LA)、肉豆蔻酸(MA)、棕榈酸(PA)和硬脂酸(SA)为原料,使用Schrader公式和MATLAB软件分析了脂肪酸二元低共熔物(CA-LA和CA-MA)、三元低共熔物(CA-LA-PA、CA-LA-SA、CA-MA-PA和CA-MA-SA)和四元低共熔物(CA-LA-PA-SA和CAMA-PA-SA)的共晶相图。确定了以上8种脂肪酸低共熔物的共晶质量比例。采用差热扫描仪(DSC)测试了脂肪酸多元低共熔物的储热性能,测试结果表明:脂肪酸低共熔物的相变温度明显低于脂肪酸的相变温度,且随着低共熔物中组分的增加而降低。制备出的脂肪酸低共熔物的融化温度和融化焓值分别为15~31℃和127~155kJ/kg。     

Enhancing Mechanisms of Saturated Fatty Acids on the Permeations of Indomethacin and 6-Carboxyfluorescein through Rat Skins

Effects of saturated straight-chain fatty acids at various chain lengths (C₈-C₁₈) on the permeation of indomethacin, a relatively lipophilic compound and 6-carboxyfluorescein, a hydrophilic compound were examined using rat skins in in vitro. Furthermore, the disordering degrees of intercellular lipid domain in stratum corneum, which were treated by preparation containing saturated fatty acids were measured by FT-IR method using excised rabbit ear skins. Capric acid (C₁₀), lauric acid (C₁₂) and myristic acid (C₁₄) within series of saturated fatty acids (0.07 M) showed the enhancing effects on the skin permeations of indomethacin and 6-CF. The permeation enhancing effects by these saturated fatty acids (C₈-C₁₈) except for capric acid (C₁₀), were relative to the degrees of wavenumber shift in the frequency of the asymmetric CHbond stretching absorbance (2920 cm^-1) on FT-IR spectra of the fatty acid treated stratum corneum. Therefore, the perturbation increase of lipid domain in stratum corneum by these fatty acids probably was the cause of the enhanced effects of permeation of indomethacin and 6-CF. On the other hand, capric acid appears to enhance the permeations of these two drugs by separate mechanisms.     

无瓣海桑叶子和果实中脂肪酸成分的检测分析

采用气相色谱-质谱联用分析法,分离测定红树植物无瓣海桑叶子和果实中脂肪酸成分和含量,并进行分析对比。结果:从无瓣海桑叶子、果实总脂肪酸提取物中分别鉴定出23种和15种化合物,各含有10种脂肪酸,其中4种脂肪酸为叶子和果实共含成分,其余种类和含量各有所差异,叶子中含量最多的成分为α-亚麻酸,而果实为8,11-十八烷二烯酸。     

气相色谱法同时测定食品中34种脂肪酸

本文建立了气相色谱法同时测定食品中34种脂肪酸的方法。食品中的脂肪酸经酸水解后,用石油醚-乙醚(1+1)提取脂肪,KOH/CH3OH皂化和甲酯化,生成脂肪酸甲酯,GC-FID检测。该方法回收率在91.28%～109.59%之间,相对标准偏差小于8.48%,34种脂肪酸的检出限在1.32mg/kg～3.36mg/kg之间,能满足实际检测工作的需要。本方法准确、灵敏,检测的脂肪酸种类多,具有实际推广价值。