磷酸二铵产品破碎技术的研究

针对磷酸二铵生产中返料破碎系统破碎效果下降、生产负荷受限、筛分效果差、产品质量控制困难等问题，对57%DAP和60%DAP产品在不同温度下的颗粒抗压强度进行研究，分析返料温度与破碎强度的关系，并以此提出相应的解决措施。通过技改将大颗粒返料温度降低至75℃以下，产品筛分效率由原来的70%提高至90%以上，从而提升磷酸二铵产品的产能和产品质量。     

返料比在大颗粒尿素生产中的应用

通过分析大颗粒尿素造粒工艺中返料比对产品粒度分布的影响、破碎机-晶种性能曲线以及破碎机在不同的辊间距及破碎负荷时对产品颗粒粒度及返料比的影响,为实际生产中破碎机辊间距及负荷的及时调整提供了理论依据.分析结果应用于实际生产中,不仅延长了造粒机的运行周期,而且降低了装置的粉尘量并提高了产品的质量.     

内返料喷浆造粒干燥机分级返料研究

设计磷铵用全内返料喷浆造粒干燥机的关键是返料螺旋的确定,返料的前提是颗粒在回转圆筒内充分有效的分级。本文通过理论分析与简单的几何变换得到了返料螺旋口高度的计算公式,实验验证并得到修正系数。该公式为返料螺旋的确定提供依据     

滚筒流化床造粒机的改进

针对大颗粒硝酸盐、硝基复合肥产品生产中滚筒流化床造粒机存在的抄板脱落、料帘分布不均、物料易结疤、喷嘴易堵塞、卸料不方便等问题,采取壳体与内部部件焊接连接,改进抄板安装角度,改进流化床分风网板与水平面夹角及喷嘴结构,调节返料比,增加卸料板等改进措施。改进后,提高了造粒产品的质量和产量,效果良好。     

添加“松土精”的肥料颗粒强度影响因素探讨

"松土精"能有效改善土壤结构,实验探究添加"松土精"的肥料颗粒强度影响因素。结果表明,转鼓造粒肥料添加"松土精"对肥料颗粒强度无影响;影响成品肥料平均颗粒强度的主要因素为颗粒粒径及水含量,适当提高大粒径颗粒占比及降低产品水含量可提高肥料颗粒强度。     

高塔复混肥装置扩产技改总结

150 kt/a高塔复混肥生产装置在生产运行中存在高温季节生产难度大、产品结块严重、生产能力不足、返料不能完全回收而导致成品率低、生产成本偏高、产品颗粒外观大小不均、扁大颗粒较多等问题。针对以上问题,对该装置进行优化改造。技改后,日生产能力由450 t左右提高至600 t左右,吨肥蒸汽消耗由0.225 t降至0.205 t,成品率由97.0%提高至99.3%,吨肥综合成本比技改前降低了30～50元,产品外观显著改善。     

承德磷矿生产黄色磷酸二铵的方法

采用承德磷矿生产湿法磷酸。对磷酸二铵本色产品进行了研究,找出了承德磷矿影响产品颜色的主要因素。对比不同磷酸含铁量对料浆颜色的影响,找出了一种X试剂让磷铵料浆变浅,为着色黄色磷酸二铵创造条件。确定了X试剂加入点、加入量、及加入不同量黄色着色剂,对产品颜色的影响,找出了X试剂与黄色着色剂的最佳用量。     

磷酸二铵装置降成本技术改造

为了降低磷酸二铵生产成本,对生产工艺进行改进。通过添加热电装置副产硫酸铵替代部分硫酸用于调节产品养分含量、利用渣场池水替代工艺水和硫酸用作尾气洗涤系统的补水、采用分布式计算机控制系统（DCS）精确控制着色剂添加量等措施,磷酸二铵生产成本大幅度下降,预计可节约2 303.3万元/a,吨产品成本下降57.58元,提高了公司磷酸二铵产品的市场竞争能力。     

磷酸、磷矿石质量对料浆法重钙产品水溶磷含量的影响

通过生产实践和生产数据的归纳总结 ,说明了磷酸和磷矿中杂质含量增加时 ,生产的重钙产品水溶磷含量会下降。分析了磷酸、磷矿石质量对料浆法重钙产品水溶磷的影响原因 ,提出了提高产品水溶磷含量的措施。     

循环流化床锅炉返料装置故障分析和预防

河南金大地化工有限责任公司的循环流化床（CFB）锅炉所产高压蒸汽供汽轮机发电后，全部进入公司0.4MPa和3．5MPa蒸汽管网。锅炉运行5年来，2台锅炉共发生停炉事故22次，其中由于锅炉返料装置故障而导致停炉事故4次。返料装置主要作用是将烟气中携带的大量没有燃烬的高温颗粒分离出来，送回燃烧室，以维持燃烧室的快速流态化状态，保证燃料和脱硫剂多次循环、反复燃烧，利于达到理想的燃烧和脱硫效率。返料装置主要包括旋风分离器、返料立管、返料装置、风帽、返料风机等设备。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。