提升64%磷酸二铵产品水溶磷含量技术改造

为了提高600 kt/a磷酸二铵装置生产的磷酸二铵产品水溶磷含量,在浓磷酸沉降过程将酸中金属离子络合物淤渣尽可能多的沉降析出,并通过特殊的强制性渣酸分离技术除去酸中金属离子络合物。技术改造后该装置运行平稳,产品水溶磷占有效磷含量均值高达92.07%。     

高氮磷酸二铵的质量控制

对从选矿、磷酸到磷铵的生产过程工艺控制指标进行分析。结果表明,通过控制精矿浆w(P_2O_5)≥30%、w(MgO)≤1.0%、粒径≤0.074 mm的颗粒占比≥90%、w(固)≥60%,浓磷酸w(P_2O_5)≥46.0%、w(固)≤2.5%、MER≤0.082,磷酸二铵料浆中和度2.0、w(H_2O)2.0%,可生产w(N)≥18.0%的高氮磷酸二铵。     

不同养分磷酸二铵产品生产技术开发

对采用液氨和湿法磷酸为原料,在大型磷酸二铵装置上转产不同养分的粒状磷酸二铵的生产技术进行研究,对生产2种总养分不同的产品过程控制、原料磷酸、料浆相对密度的不同控制点和存在问题进行分析,为磷酸二铵装置转产不同养分的磷酸二铵(DAP)产品提供借鉴。     

新型管式反应器在料浆法磷铵中的试验研究

料浆法磷铵生产中,采用新型管式反应器,可缩短中和反应时间,减少非水溶性化合物的生成,提高磷铵产品水溶P2O5,解决了传统的管式反应器用于料浆法磷铵中和杂质含量较高的磷酸时结垢、堵塞等问题。     

利用磷酸沉积物生产低养分磷铵的途径

湿法磷酸是生产磷酸-铵和磷酸二铵的主要原料。瓮福磷肥厂将湿法磷酸通过澄清槽澄清后,上层澄清酸直接泵送去生产高养分磷铵产品;澄清槽底部含沉积物的磷酸渣,通过泥浆泵送去与磷酸进行配酸,再送去生产低养分磷铵产品。现介绍利用磷酸沉积物生产低养分磷铵的方法。     

料浆浓缩法生产磷铵通过中试技术鉴定

四川银山磷肥厂和成都科技大学共同开发的“料浆浓缩法”生产固体磷铵的中间试验,于3月15日至17日在银山磷肥厂由化工部科技局、化肥司和四川省科委、省化工厅的联合主持,通过了技术鉴定。银山磷肥厂中试装置规模为年产磷酸一铵4000吨。原料为80％金河磷矿和20％昆阳磷矿。混矿成份:P_2O_525～26％;R_2O_35～6％;MgO2.5～3.5％。生产过程:采用二水法工艺生产萃取磷酸,磷酸浓度为22～23％P_2O_5,用气氨中和至pH4.7～5.0(中和度1.1～1.15),经双设蒸发器蒸发至料浆含水份30～35％,进入喷雾干燥塔,制得粉状磷酸一铵。产品成份为N>10.5％,P_2O_5>42％(其中水溶性P_2O_5     

磷酸装置反应槽与搅拌器和过滤机(续完)

4 过滤机设计 从机械上讲,过滤机是磷酸装置最复杂的设备之一,它占磷酸装置投资费用的比例也较大。过滤机、包括酸管线、真空管道以及泵约相当于二水装置投资费用的50％。因此选择最佳类型的过滤机是很重要的,但适合磷酸生产用的过滤机基本上只有三种类型,从而使选择得以简化。 过滤机旋转一周起五种作用:首先是产品酸与石膏滤饼分离;然后洗涤滤饼(通常采用二段或三段)进一步回收滤饼中的P_2O_5;继而脱水使排放的滤饼中工艺水和P_2O_5损失最小;然后排掉滤饼;最后洗涤滤布。当料浆开始沉积在滤布上时,一些细小的固体穿     

料浆法粉状磷酸一铵装置联产GMAP和GDAP产品

随着国内外大规模磷铵装置的投产,粉状磷酸一铵(MAP)市场价格比粒状磷铵产品低,生产企业受市场、关税影响大。为了拓宽磷铵的市场,利用料浆法粉状磷酸一铵装置联产粒状磷酸一铵(GMAP)和粒状磷酸二铵(GDAP)产品,以满足市场需求,从而也盘活粉状MAP装置。以下介绍利用粉状磷酸一铵生产装置联产粒状磷酸一铵、粒状磷酸二铵的工艺。     

料浆法磷铵二次中和生产磷酸二铵装置的工艺设计

由于我国高品位磷资源紧缺,以中低品位磷矿通过料浆法生产磷铵被越来越多的磷复肥厂家所重视。采用中低品位磷矿,以200 kt/a料浆法磷铵为例,介绍稀磷酸经过二次中和生产磷酸二铵(DAP)装置的工艺设计要点、工艺控制参数和浓缩设备选型计算,以供同类型的生产装置设计参考。     

复合肥料和肥效

一、中低品位磷矿制液体磷铵模拟试验工作以中低品位的浙江省兰溪磷矿(P_2o_5为22%)、诸暨磷矿和江西大南磷矿为原料。采用单槽多浆二水物流程。磷矿粉在硫酸和磷酸的混酸中被分解,生成磷酸和硫酸钙二水物沉淀。反应料浆经真空过滤,滤出磷酸,硫酸钙沉淀用温水逆流二次洗涤。在带有冷却装置的中和器中湿法磷酸     

Preparation,forms and properties of controlled-release phosphate fertilizers

Controlled-release phosphate fertilizers include phosphate rocks (PRs) for direct application, partially acidulated phosphate rocks (PAPRs) and thermal phosphates. Phosphate rocks contain apatite as the main P containing mineral, the composition and the chemical nature of which vary between PRs. Based on the solubility in chemical extractants PRs are broadly grouped into ‘reactive’ and ‘unreactive’. The ‘reactivity’ of PRs is influenced strongly by the extent of carbonate substitution for phosphate in the apatite minerals. Under certain soil and climatic conditions reactive PRs (RPRs) can be used as a source of P for direct application. Partially acidulated phosphate rocks (PAPRs) are produced either by direct partial acidulation of PRs with mineral acids or by mixing PRs with fully acidulated superphosphate reaction mixtures. Partial acidulation of PRs with H₃PO₄ generally results in higher water soluble P contents than those acidulated with H₂SO₄. Mixing of RPRs with superphosphate reaction mixtures sometimes results in the preferential consumption of free acid and thereby increases the amounts of residual unreacted PRs. Thermal phosphates are produced by either heating PRs below melting point both in the presence and the absence of silica (calcined phosphates) or heating PRs with silica above melting point (fused phosphate). These phosphates are alkaline in nature and hence suitable for acidic soils.     

磷化处理技术

介绍了磷化工艺的原理、作用及分类方法、常用的磷化及预处理的配方实例。     

糖的磷酰化反应研究

选用磷酸氢二钠和磷酸二氢钠的混合盐作酯化试剂与葡萄糖反应,制备了葡萄糖磷酸酯,考察了酯化剂用量、磷酸盐混合物的质量比、催化剂尿素等因素对葡萄糖磷酸酯的取代度和反应效率的影响。结果表明,制备葡萄糖磷酸酯的最佳反应条件为:反应温度80℃,磷酸盐和葡萄糖的质量比为1∶1,磷酸二氢钠与磷酸氢二钠的质量比为3∶1;催化剂加入量为葡萄糖含量的10%,反应时间为6 h。用水作溶剂,合成了水溶性较好的Ca、Cu、Zn等金属磷酸酯配合物,并进行了红外光谱分析。另外,对多糖——纤维素进行磷酰化,测定了其产物的络合能力。     

磷酸二氢铵应用研究进展

中国磷矿资源丰富,为磷酸盐工业的发展带来了重大机遇。磷酸二氢铵作为重要的磷酸盐系列产品之一,常用作氮-磷复合肥广泛使用,但肥料利用率低,附加值不高,造成资源浪费,阻碍了磷化工的发展。重点综述了磷酸二氢铵在灭火剂、阻燃剂、玻璃材料、磷酸铁锂材料和基体改进剂等领域的应用,为拓展磷酸二氢铵的应用领域、提高磷酸二氢铵附加值提供了借鉴。最后,对磷酸二氢铵今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

对我国饲料磷酸盐生产的建议

在介绍国内外饲料磷酸盐发展概况的基础上，重点论述了饲料级磷酸氢钙和脱氟磷酸钙的生产方法和技术进步，并对加快我国饲料磷酸盐生产的发展提出了一些看法。     

全球饲料磷酸盐市场现状与发展方向

评述了世界饲料磷酸盐产品的品种，包括磷酸氢钙、磷酸二氢钙、脱氟磷酸钙等，市场需求量变化情况，主要生产工艺的比较，生产能力与产量变化及现状等。介绍了影响饲料磷酸盐市场需求变化的因素并对饲料磷酸盐所面对的生物技术、生物效价、生产环保等问题进行分析，预测了饲料磷酸盐的发展方向。     

Single superphosphate - reactive phosphate rock mixtures. 3. The use of concentration ratios of elements to identify the nature and amounts of unacidulated rock residues in the mixtures

Water insoluble residues (WIR) of unreactive phosphate rocks in single superphosphate-reactive phosphate rock (SSP-RPR) mixtures are considered to reduce the agronomic value of these mixtures. A technique using concentration ratios of elements to identify the quantities of WIR of ground North Carolina (NC), ground Nauru and as received NC phosphate rocks in a SSP-RPR was developed. Of 22 elements tested P/Sr ratios were found to be the only element ratios that could be used to distinguish between WIR's derived from Nauru and NC. P/Sr ratios in Nauru and NC were markedly different and provided a useful index for differentiating between the two rocks. During acidulation the P/Sr concentration ratio remained essentially constant in the WIR's from both rocks.Using the element ratio technique the percentage of total P in the SSP-RPR sample was determined to be 60-61% water soluble, 5% water insoluble Nauru, 2% water insoluble ground NC and 32-33% water insoluble as received NC.The element ratio technique developed in this study can be applied to partially acidulated P fertilizers made with rocks other than NC and Nauru provided elements which satisfy the same conditions as Sr in this study can be found.     

国际磷矿工业发展趋势

本文从磷矿资源、磷矿生产、磷矿石的进出口以及世界磷矿石和磷肥的贸易角度,阐明目前磷矿工业的矿肥结合发展方向,提出中国的对策应是限制并停止磷矿石的出口,就地发展自己的磷肥工业,以减少高价的高浓度磷复肥的进口。     

Partially acidulated phosphate rocks: Phosphorus release characteristics

Five phosphate rocks varying in formic acid P solubility from 18.9 to 52.7%, expressed as percentage of total P, were acidulated with phosphoric or sulphuric acids to 0, 20%, 33% and 50% of full acidulation and granulated. In an incubation experiment fertilizer granules of diameter 1–2 mm were mixed with two acid soils and after 1 week incubation soil samples were extracted with a 0.5 M NaOH solution. In a dissipation experiment single fertilizer granules of 4 mm diameter were implanted into soil, incubated for 1 and 4 weeks and inorganic P fractionation in the residual granules and the surrounding soil was performed. Dissipated P was greater than the water soluble P content of the partly acidulated phosphate rock fertilizers indicating the dissolution of the non-acidulated phosphate rocks. The amount of P dissipated was related to the initial water soluble P content and to the formic acid solubility of phosphate rocks used for manufacturing the fertilizers. The P dissipated increased with an increase in soil acidity.     

不同品种磷肥在土壤中的退化研究

对钙镁磷肥（FMP）、过磷酸钙（SSP）和部分酸化磷肥（PAPR）在河南郑州西岗沙土和河南西华县潮土中的退化情况进行了研究。