The T-53/67-8.0 cogeneration steam turbine for the PGU-230 combined-cycle plant at the Minsk TETs-3 cogeneration station

The design features of the turbine unit and the basic solutions found for its thermal scheme and layout are considered. The fundamental principles for controlling the turbine are described, and its economic indicators are given.     

The T-125/150-12.8 cogeneration steam turbine

The article presents the design, the economic indicators, and the main solutions on the thermal process circuit and layout of the T-125/150-12.8 turbine, a new design version of the T-100-12.8 turbine, which is one of the best known, unique and widely used cogeneration turbines in Russia and abroad. The project of the new turbine is supposed to be used both for renovating and upgrading already installed turbines of the T-100 family and for supplying it as a full set for replacing obsolete equipment or constructing new one.     

Starting the water treatment system of the 410-MW combined-cycle plant at the Krasnodar cogeneration station

The process diagram of a water treatment plant constructed on the basis of integrated membrane technologies with the use of two-stage reverse osmosis for the PGU-410 power unit at the Krasnodar cogeneration station is presented.     

The cogeneration steam turbine of the T-40/50-8.8 type for the combined cycle power plant PGU-115

This paper describes the design of the steam turbine intended for a single-unit two-shaft combined-cycle plant and its main systems, the heat flow diagram, and turbine plant arrangement. The turbine should operate as part of the combined-cycle power plant that will be constructed on the basis of the modern PG6111FA gas turbine manufactured in the USA.     

Retrofitting of T-100/110-12.8 cogeneration steam turbines

Problems relating to replacement and retrofitting of steam turbines that have worked through their service life are considered, and methods for extending their service life are discussed. Concrete activities carried out at Ural Turbine Works in the course of renovating and retrofitting T-100/110-12.8 turbines are presented.     

Type T-130/130-12.8 cogeneration steam turbines with reheating

The design features and basic thermal scheme of the cogeneration turbines for a rated power capacity of 130 MW and steam parameters of 12.8 MPa and 540/540°C are considered. Figures characterizing the calculated economic effect from the use of steam reheating are presented.     

Fitting the PGU-410 combined-cycle plant at the Nevinnomyssk district power station with automated control systems

Experience gained from international cooperation on designing and commissioning the computerized automation suite serving as a kernel of the automated process control system of a modern combined-cycle plant is considered taking as an example the PGU-410 unit installed at the Nevinnomyssk district power station. Specific features relating to the technology of combined-cycle plant operation are shown, and some solutions adopted in the process automated control algorithms and in the hardware part of the process control system are shown. All power unit control systems are briefly described together with methods for integrating them into a united system. Conclusions regarding the advisability of using some possibilities of modern computerized automation suites are drawn. Graphs of combined-cycle plant operation modes are presented and analyzed.     

The cogeneration steam turbine of the T-63/76-8.8 type for a series of PGU-300 combined cycle power plants

This paper describes in detail the design of the T-63/76?C8.8 steam turbine manufactured by Ural Turbine Works (refurbished significantly), its electrohydraulic control and protection system made according to the current requirements on control and protection, the heat flow diagram, and arrangement of the turbine. The T-63/76?C8.8 steam turbine is intended to be used in double-shaft double-circuit combined-cycle monoblocks at a number of thermal power plants currently under construction. The turbine has a great future, since it may be employed in various combinations with gas turbine units having the output of 150?C170 MW that are manufactured by virtually all firms.     

Substituting cogeneration combined-cycle plants for the LMZ-made type PT-60/75-12.8/1.3 and PT-80/100-12.8/1.3 turbines

The advisability of replacing the first phases of Moscow’s large cogeneration stations equipped with type PT-60/75-12.8/12.3 and PT-80/100-12.8/1.3 turbines by the Leningrad Metal Works-made heat-recovery combined-cycle plants using 65- to 75-MW gas turbines is substantiated.     

Experience gained with development of the instrumentation and control system for the PGU-410 power unit at the Krasnodar cogeneration station on the basis of the tornado-n distributed control system

The development of the instrumentation and control system for the PGU-410 power unit at the Krasnodar cogeneration station is discussed. Problems encountered in designing the process control system of a complex facility are considered, in particular, the need to integrate local control systems. Special attention is paid to the importance of setting up a united control area at such facilities.     

The T-100-12.8 family of cogeneration steam turbines: Yesterday, today, and tomorrow

The T-100-12.8 turbine and its versions, a type of cogeneration steam turbines that is among best known, unique, and most widely used ones in Russia and abroad, are considered. A list of turbine design versions and quantities in which they were produced, their technical and economic indicators, design features, schematic solutions used in different design versions, and a list of solutions available in a comprehensive portfolio offered for modernizing type T-100-12.8 turbines are presented. Information about amounts in which turbines of the last version are supplied currently and supposed to be supplied soon is given.     

Optimal design of the high-pressure cylinder flow path in updating the T-100-12.8 steam turbine

The discussion concerns some alternatives of updating the high-pressure cylinder (HPC) flow path of the T-100-12.8 turbine using an optimal design method that made it possible to find and realize means of enhancing the turbine efficiency. The effectiveness of using the advanced design solutions affording a high efficiency value of the HPC is demonstrated.     

The selection of a profile of the PGU-400T combined-cycle cogeneration unit for the TETs-25 cogeneration power plant of the mosenergo power utility

The selection of a profile of a heat-recovery combined-cycle cogeneration plant of 400- to 420-MW capacity for the expansion of the TETs-25 Mosenergo cogeneration plant is substantiated. It is shown that the most preferable version is a two-shaft arrangement with a gas turbine installed at a zero elevation level and a steam turbine mounted on a frame foundation, with cogeneration equipment located in the basement.     

Damage to steam-generating tubes of low-pressure circuit of drum-type heat recovery boiler used in the PGU-450 combined-cycle unit at Severozapadnaya cogeneration plant

The results of investigation into the nature of damage to tube bends of the low-pressure evaporator of the P-90 heat recovery boiler installed at the Severozapadnaya cogeneration plant are presented. It has been found that damage was caused by cavitation wear due to action of steam-water flow.     

Studying the advisability of using gas-turbine unit waste gases for heating feed water in a steam turbine installation with a type T-110/120-12.8 turbine

Results of calculation studying of a possibility of topping of a steam-turbine unit (STU) with a type T-110/120-12.8 turbine of the Urals Turbine Works (UTZ) by a gas-turbine unit (GTU) of 25-MW capacity the waste-gases heat of which is used to substitute for high-pressure bleedoffs of STU is considered. It is shown that this makes it possible to increase electric power up to 130 MW and reduce fuel consumption by 2.5–4.0% while operating in the condensing mode and by 1.5–2.0% in the cogenerating mode.     

Development of technical solutions for optimizing the hydraulic and thermal process circuits of the P-90 heat-recovery boiler used as part of the PGU-450T combined-cycle plant at the severozapadnaya cogeneration station

Results from work on analyzing the performance of the P-90 heat-recovery boilers used as part of the PGU-450T-based Unit 1 at the Severozapadnaya cogeneration station and on revealing factors causing damage to the bends of evaporating tubes are presented. Technical solutions using which a V-94.2 gas turbine can be replaced by a GTE-160 gas turbine are considered.     

Development of elements for the modernized flow path of a T-100-12.8 steam turbine by the methods of computational aerodynamics

The results of gasdynamic development of the flow path elements in modernization of the high-pressure cylinder of a T-100-12.8 turbine using reaction blading the presented. The numerical simulation of viscous turbulent flows of the compressible working medium is carried out using the SINF program. This enabled determination of efficient shapes of the elements being developed. We find a shape for the meridional contours of the control stage chamber that guarantees minimum energy losses and a reasonable radial flow nonuniformity. The use of a tear-shaped profile is substantiated in the second-stage nozzle vanes when the incident flow angles are small. Check calculations are carried out verifying that the choice of the shape of the flow-path elements is optimal.     

The effectiveness of modernization of the low-pressure cylinder of the T-185/220-12.8 turbine

The basic principles of modernization of the low-pressure cylinder flow path of T-185/220-12.8 turbines are presented. It is shown that its implementation allows substantial increase in economic efficiency and reliability of the turbine unit operation in the condensation and cogeneration modes.     

Cogeneration turbine unit with a new T-295/335-23.5 steam turbine

The design, schematics, and arrangement of a T-295/335-23.5 turbine and the basic features of a steam-turbine unit (STU) intended for replacement of STUs with a T-250/300-23.5 turbine with the expired service life and installed in large cities, such as Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kiev, Minsk, and Kharkov, for heat and power generation are considered. The basic solutions for an automatic electrohydraulic control and protection system using high-pressure (HP) technology are described. As the turbine operates in a power unit together with a supercritical boiler and the design turbine service life of 250000 hours must be attained, turbine component construction materials complying with these requirements are listed.