Fe—Cr—Mn（Ni）合金抗辐照损伤特性研究

电子束辐照结果证明，Ｆｅ－Ｃｒ－Ｍｎ合金辐照损伤行为不同于Ｆｅ－Ｃｒ－Ｎｉ合金，因为溶质原子与点缺陷有相互作用，特别是Ｍｎ原子与空位相互作用比Ｎｉ原子来得强烈，致使Ｆｅ－Ｃｒ－Ｍｎ合金中空位迁移激活能比Ｆｅ－Ｃｒ－Ｎｉ合金高。Ｎｉ，Ｍｎ在合金中扩散行为不同，是造成两种合金辐射照损伤行为不同的原因。     

不同钒,碳含量高速钢的凝固组织及相组成

利用热分析，Ｘ射线衍射和着色金相法详细研究了Ｆｅ－５Ｃｒ－５Ｍｏ－Ｔ２－Ｖ－Ｃ系合金中Ｖ和以Ｃ量对凝固过程中结晶相的种类和结晶温度的影响，得到了合金万分与凝固组织的关系，建立了（Ｆｅ－５Ｃｒ－５Ｍｏ－５Ｗ－２Ｃ）－Ｖ和（Ｆｅ－５Ｃｒ－５Ｍｏ－５Ｗ－３Ｖ）－Ｃ的准二元相图，以及（Ｆｅ－５Ｃｒ－５Ｍｏ－５Ｗ）－Ｖ－Ｃ合金的液相面投影图。     

Si在变形Ni—Cu—Fe—Mn—Si合金中的行为

研究了热处理后前后变形Ｎｉ－Ｃｕ－Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ－Ｓｉ合金中的Ｓｉ的存在形式，在晶界及晶内的分布状态和结构，并研究了在热处理状态下，合金性能的变化，ＸＲＤ分析表明：Ｎｉ－Ｃｕ－Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ－Ｓｉ合金基体为面心方立结构，在热加工状态（Ｒ态）下，Ｎｉ－Ｃｕ－Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ－Ｓｉ合金除Ｎｉ３Ｓｉ相外，还出现了Ｎｉ３１Ｓｉ１２相。该相为立方结构。ＴＥＭ分析表明：第二相（Ｎｉ３Ｓｉ）在晶界和晶内弥散分布，少量在晶界聚     

Al,Ti和Nb对Fe—Ni—Cr—Co—Nb—Ti—Al合金铸态组织的影响

对低Ａｌ,高Ｔｉ,Ｎｂ（合金Ａ）和高Ａｌ、低Ｔｉ,Ｎｂ（合金Ｂ）两种成分特征的Ｆｅ－Ｎｉ－Ｃｒ－Ｃｏ－Ｎｂ－Ｔｉ－Ａｌ合金宏观和微观铸态组织的观察分析表明,合金Ａ凝固速度较快,柱状晶区较大;两者枝晶间及铸态晶界上都分布着较多块（厚片）状富含Ｎｂ和Ｔｉ的ＭＣ和Ｌａｖｅｓ相多晶体;合金Ｂ柱状晶区晶界Ｌａｖｅｓ相较多;合金Ａ晶界ＭＣ和Ｌａｖｅｓ相附近析 体状γ′和η相及胞状η相;合金ＢＫγ′的尺寸仅约为     

激光熔覆Fe—Cr—W—Ni—C合金的微观组织及其演化

用ＳＥＭ,ＡＴＥＭ及化学分析、显微硬度测定等手段,对激光熔覆Ｆｅ－Ｃｒ－Ｗ－Ｎｉ－Ｃ（其质量比为１０：５：１：１：１）合金的微观组织进行了研究。结果表明,该合金经激光熔覆后可得到亚共晶和过共晶两类熔覆组织为γ＋（γ＋Ｍ７Ｃ３）及Ｍ７Ｃ３＋（γ＋Ｍ７Ｃ３）,存在领先相的竞争与选择,γ为亚稳奥氏体,具有较高的合金元素过饱和含量;Ｍ７Ｃ３（Ｍ＝Ｃｒ,Ｆｅ,Ｗ等）为Ｃｒ基合金碳化物。存在层片状、蜂窝状、网     

超硬质相在高温磨损中的行为及抗磨性

通过高温硬度、高温磨损试验,研究了铁基Ｃｒ－Ｍｏ－Ｗ－Ｖ－Ｎｂ系高温耐磨料磨损等离子弧粉末堆焊合金,可以替代价格昂贵的镍基和然基等离子弧堆焊合金。同时系统地研究了合金元素及其硬质相在高温磨损中的行为及堆焊合金抗磨性。即Ｃｒ７Ｃ３「（Ｃｒ,Ｆｅ）７Ｃ３」、ＣｒｅＣ「（Ｃｒ,Ｆｅ）３Ｃ」、ＷＣ、Ｗ２Ｃ、ＮｂＣ、Ｖｃ硬质相对堆焊层的组织、硬度和耐磨性的影响规律。结果表明：硬质相的形态、数据和大小不同对堆     

铁基合金激光熔覆组织及高温时效转变的TEM研究

利用ＡＴＥＭ研究了铁基金元合金Ｆｅ－Ｃｒ－Ｗ－Ｎｉ－Ｃ激光熔覆层的微观组织,亚稳相结构特征以及高温时效时的亚相变转机制。结果表明组织为亚共晶组织,即γ＋（γ＋ＭＣ）,γ－奥氏体为具有较高合金度的过饱和亚稳相,Ｍ７Ｃ３（Ｍ为Ｃｒ,Ｆｅ,Ｗ）为六方结构的Ｃｒ基亚稳合金碳化物。     

Ni_3Al－Cr－Zr－B－Mg合金的高温晶界脆性SCIEI

应用电镜及Ｘ线衍射技术，研究了高温下Ｎｉ_（７５）Ａｌ_（１６．６）Ｃｒ_（７．８４）Ｚｒ_（０．４５）Ｂ_（０．１）Ｍｇ_（０．０１）合金晶界失效行为。经１１８０℃保温，由于偏聚晶界区Ｍｇ含量（ａｔ．－％）达１５－１９。同时Ｚｒ含量（ａｔ，－％）明显增大可达２８－３３；并观察到局部晶界共晶熔化现象。通过１０００℃固溶及变温热循环处理，合金中晶内出现ＣｒＮ相沉淀，沿晶界有Ｃｒ２（Ｃ，Ｎ）相析出。     

Ni_3Al－Cr－Zr－B－Mg合金的高温晶界脆性

应用电镜及Ｘ线衍射技术，研究了高温下Ｎｉ_（７５）Ａｌ_（１６．６）Ｃｒ_（７．８４）Ｚｒ_（０．４５）Ｂ_（０．１）Ｍｇ_（０．０１）合金晶界失效行为。经１１８０℃保温，由于偏聚晶界区Ｍｇ含量（ａｔ．－％）达１５－１９。同时Ｚｒ含量（ａｔ，－％）明显增大可达２８－３３；并观察到局部晶界共晶熔化现象。通过１０００℃固溶及变温热循环处理，合金中晶内出现ＣｒＮ相沉淀，沿晶界有Ｃｒ２（Ｃ，Ｎ）相析出。     

NiAl—28Cr—5Mo—1Hf多相金属间化合物的显微组织及力学性能研究

研究了铸造和ＨＩＰ处理ＮｉＡｌ－２８Ｃｒ－５Ｍｏ－１Ｈｆ（原子分数,％,下）金属间化合物的显微组织,铸造合金是由ＮｉＡｌ,Ｃｒ（Ｍｏ）和Ｎｉ２ＡｌＨｆ相组成,经１２５０℃,２００ＭＰａ,４．５ｈＨＩＰ处理后。     

Fe-Cr-Mn奥氏体合金的辐照体胀与诱起晶界偏析行为的研究SCIEI

本文采用电子束辐照,研究了Fe-15Cr-xMn合金以及添加W,V合金的孔洞体胀和诱起晶界偏析行为,并对包含晶界在内的辐照区进行成分分析。结果表明,在Fe-Cr-Mn系合金中孔洞体胀孕育期可以被强烈抑制,晶界偏析也减少。特别是,合金中添加W,V效果更加明显。用Mn代替Ni,通常要发生体胀和相的不稳定性,由于反Kirkendall效应导致Ni和Mn的扩散行为不同,使Fe富集在尾闾处,局部地区形成铁素体,有利于减少体胀和晶界偏析。     

ELECTRON RADIATION INDUCED VOID SWELLING AND GRAIN BOUNDARY SEGREGATION IN AN Fe-Cr-Mn AUSTENITIC ALLOY

The behavior of void swelling and segregation in Fe-15Cr-xMn alloys and an alloy con-taining small amount of W and V was investigated by electron-irradiation.The compositionalanalysis in the irradiated regions including grain boundaries was performed.The resultdts showthat there are many common features of irradiuation tehavior in the Fe-Cr-Mn andFe-Cr-Ni systems while there are some significant differences,In the Fe-Cr-Mn alloy sys-tems void swelling was rematrkably suppressed and at the same time the radiation-inducedsegregation was also retarded,furthermore,the segregation was strongly retarded in anFe-15Cr-15Mn alloy containing small amount of W and V.The results also show that Ni re-placed by Mn does not in general confer immunity from either swelling or phase instabilities.The phase instability is due to the different diffusion behavior of Ni and Mn in reponse to theoperation of the inverse-Kirkendall effecr.Fe segregates to the microstructural sinks in theFe-Cr-Mn alloys.The segregation of Fe often leads to the formation of ferrite.This fact isbeneficial to reducing the swelling rate and segregation on the grain boundaries.     

电子辐照Fe-Cr-Ni奥氏体合金的空洞体胀与诱起晶界偏析的研究

本文用超高压电镜(HVEM)作为电子束源,研究了Fe-15％Cr-30％Ni合金电子辐照后,合金空洞体胀和诱起晶界偏析.实验结果证明:723K,最大剂量15dpa条件下,体胀量为0.62％.在晶界发生Cr贫化、Ni富化.随着辐照温度提高,晶界偏析程度增加,723K时Cr,Ni在晶界出现最大偏析峰,相应空洞体胀量也最大.结果表明,空洞形成和晶界偏析密切相关,本文提出了辐照诱起晶界偏析模型.     

He对低活性Fe-Cr-Mn(W,V)合金辐照产生点缺陷行为的影响

采用超高压电镜与离子加速器相连结的复合辐照装置，研究了注He对低活性Fe-Cr-Mn(W，V)合金辐照产生的点缺陷及二次缺陷行为的影响．实验结果表明：辐照初期形成的点缺陷与He相互作用，进而影响二次缺陷(位错、位错环和空洞)的形成；He明显促进位错密度增大和空洞核心形成，并导致空洞肿胀增加．对辐照产生的点缺陷与He相互作用的机理进行了理论分析。     

定向凝固Ni3Al合金高温变形后的显微组织特征

利用金相,扫描电镜和透射电子显微镜研究了定向凝固Ｎｉ３Ａｌ合金高温变形后的显微组织特征。研究结果表明,当变形速率较快时,原始柱状晶晶界无明显变化,晶内无明显结构存在;当变形速率较慢,合金呈现塑变形时,变形初期柱状晶晶界呈现“锯齿状”,后期原始柱状晶界消失,代之以晶粒尺度约为１５ｍｍ的晶粒带,晶粒带中既有小角度晶界,也有大角度晶界。     

GRAIN-BOUNDARY PRECIPITATION UNDER IRRADIATION IN DILUTE BINARY ALLOYS

Irradiation-induced grain boundary segregation of solute atoms frequently bring about grain boundary precipitation of a second phase because of its making the solubility limit of the solute surpassed at grain boundaries. Until now the kinetic models for irradiation-induced grain boundary precipitation have been sparse. For this reason, we have theoretically treated grain boundary precipitation under irradiation in dilute binary alloys. Predictions of γ' -Ni3Si precipitation at grain boundaries are made for a dilute Ni-Si alloy subjected to irradiation. It is demonstrated that grain boundary silicon segregation under irradiation may lead to grain boundary γ'-Ni3Si precipitation over a certain temperature range.     

30Cr2Ni4MoV钢晶粒细化工艺方法研究

利用金相显微镜对不同热处理工艺下的显微组织进行观察,研究低压转子钢30Cr2Ni4Mo V晶粒度变化的规律。实验结果表明,粗大的奥氏体晶粒经临界区侧正火＋850℃×3 h淬火后,30Cr2Ni4Mo V钢试样的晶粒度等级最高可达8.0级;粗大的奥氏体晶粒经高温正火＋850℃×3 h淬火后,30Cr2Ni4Mo V钢试样的晶粒度等级可达6.5级。上述热处理工艺经二次正火加热后晶粒细化效果更佳。     

Grain-boundary segregation of impurities in iridium and effects on mechanical properties

Impurity effects were investigated in an Ir alloy of nominal composition Ir–0.3 W–0.006 Th–0.005 Al¹. The impurities that were added included Fe, Ni, Cr, Al, and Si, at levels ranging from 50 to 5000 ppm. Of the elements investigated (impurities as well as alloying additions), only Si and Th were found to segregate to the grain boundaries. In alloys doped with low levels of Si (<200 ppm), both Si and Th segregated to the grant boundaries. In addition, Th-containing precipitates were identified in these alloys, but not Si-containing precipitates. When added at higher bulk levels, Si displaced (beneficial) Th from the boundaries. This caused the segregated Th at the boundaries to decrease (to practically zero) when the amount of grain-boundary Si increased (to its saturation level). Silicon also reacted with Th to form Ir–Th–Si precipitates and promoted the formation of a low-melting eutectic on the grain boundaries of the highest Si alloys. As for the other elements, not only did they not segregate to the grain boundaries, but they also did not affect Th segregation. Together, these results explain why Fe, Ni, Cr, Al (and Si at low levels) do not embrittle iridium, whereas Si at high levels causes severe embrittlement.     

Oxidation mechanisms of Cr‐containing steels and Ni‐base alloys at high‐temperatures –. Part I: The different role of alloy grain boundaries

It is essential for materials used at high‐temperatures in corrosive atmosphere to maintain their specific properties, such as good creep resistance, long fatigue life and sufficient high‐temperature corrosion resistance. Usually, the corrosion resistance results from the formation of a protective scale with very low porosity, good adherence, high mechanical and thermodynamic stability and slow growth rate. Standard engineering materials in power generation technology are low‐Cr steels. However, steels with higher Cr content, e.g., austenitic steels, or Ni‐base alloys are used for components applied to more severe service conditions, e.g., more aggressive atmospheres and higher temperatures. Three categories of alloys were investigated in this study. These materials were oxidised in laboratory air at temperatures of 550°C in the case of low‐alloy steels, 750°C in the case of an austenitic steel (TP347) and up to 1000°C in the case of the Ni‐base superalloys Inconel 625 Si and Inconel 718. Emphasis was put on the role of grain size on the internal and external oxidation processes. For this purpose various grain sizes were established by means of recrystallization heat treatment. In the case of low‐Cr steels, thermogravimetric measurements revealed a substantially higher mass gain for steels with smaller grain sizes. This observation was attributed to the role of alloy grain boundaries as short‐circuit diffusion paths for inward oxygen transport. For the austenitic steel, the situation is the other way round. The scale formed on specimens with smaller grain size consists mainly of Cr₂O₃ with some FeCr₂O₄ at localized sites, while for specimens with larger grain size a non‐protective Fe oxide scale is formed. This finding supports the idea that substrate grain boundaries accelerate the chromium supply to the oxide/alloy phase interface. Finally, in the Ni‐base superalloys deep intergranular oxidation attack was observed, taking place preferentially along random high‐angle grain boundaries.     

TiAl基合金双态组织的控制

研究了TiAl合金双态组织的显微组织参数对力学性能的影响 ,通过对Ti 46 5Al 2Cr 1 5Nb 1V金属间化合物进行特定的热处理 ;分别获得了具有相同晶粒大小、不同片层晶粒体积分数 ,以及相同片层晶粒体积分数、不同晶粒大小显微组织的两个系列的双态复相TiAl合金。研究结果表明 :对于双态复相组织 ,晶粒尺寸由预备热处理过程中的退火时间来控制 ;而片层晶粒体积分数则通过后续热处理温度来控制 ,不同片层晶粒含量双态组织的晶粒尺度可以通过后续热处理时间来控制