Ti形态对原位生长陶瓷粒子增强Al复合材料微观结构的影响

采用Ｔｉ－Ａｌ－Ｂ和ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ－Ｂ两个体系利用反应热压方法制备了原位ＴｉＢ２粒子增强Ａｌ（ＴｉＢ２／Ａｌ）和原位Ａｌ２Ｏ３，ＴｉＢ２粒子复合增强Ａｌ（Ａｌ２Ｏ３．ＴｉＢ２／Ａｌ）两种复合材料，研究表明，对于Ｔｉ－Ａｌ－Ｂ体系，除ＴｉＢ２外还有一定量的尺寸可达几十微米的Ａｌ３Ｔｉ生成，原位形成的ＴｉＢ２大部分为０．１－５０μｍ的块状粒子，此外还有少量长宽比大于４的棒状ＴｉＢ２．对于ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ－Ｂ体系，基本上没有Ａｌ３Ｔｉ生成，原位形成的Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＴｉＢ２为００５－２０μｍ的近似等轴状的粒子．对两种复合材料差异的微观结构给出了解释．     

亚共晶Al-Si合金的细化处理

比较了Ａｌ－３％Ｔｉ－３％Ｂ,Ａｌ－５％Ｔｉ－１％Ｂ中间合金对亚共晶Ａｌ－Ｓｉ合金的晶粒细化效果。结果表明,Ａｌ－３％Ｔｉ－３％Ｂ中间合金的细化作用明显优于Ａｌ－５％Ｔｉ－１％Ｂ。主要是Ａｌ－５％Ｔｉ－１％Ｂ中间合金加入熔体中,过量的Ｔｉ在ＴｉＢ２／熔体界面形成三元铝化物,通过包晶反应成为α－Ａｌ的异质晶核,但包晶反应温度的急剧下降是导致晶粒细化能力下降的直接原因;而Ａｌ－３％Ｔｉ－３％Ｂ中间合金加入熔体中,过量的Ｂ在ＴｉＢ２／熔体界面形成富Ｂ层,在冷却过程中,将发生共晶反应,生成大量的α－Ａｌ晶核,达到细化目的。     

Ti形态对原位生长陶瓷粒子增强Al复合材料微观结构的影响

采用Ｔｉ－Ａｌ－Ｂ和ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ－Ｂ两个体系利用反应热压方法制备了原位ＴｉＢ两粒子增强Ａｌ（ＴｉＢ２／Ａｌ）和原位Ａｌ２ＯＥ，ＴｉＢ２粒子复合增强Ａｌ（Ａｌ２Ｏ３．ＴｉＢ２）／Ａｌ两种复合材料。研究表明，对于Ｔｉ－Ａｌ－Ｂ体系，除ＴｉＢ２外还有一定量的尺寸可达几十微米的Ａｌ３Ｔｉ生成，原位形成的ＴｉＢ２大部分为０．１－０．５μｍ的块状粒子，此外还有少量长宽比在于４的棒状ＴｉＢ２对于ＴｉＯ－ＡｌＯ     

Al_2O_3／TiB_2和Al_2O_3／TiB_2／SiC_W陶瓷复合材料在

研究了热压烧结工艺制备的Ａｌ２Ｏ３／ＴｉＢ２和Ａｌ２Ｏ３／ＴｉＢ２／ＳｉＣＷ陶瓷复合材料在１３００℃的氧化行为用ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ、ＴＥＭ／ＥＤＳＡ分析了材料氧化后的相组成及显微结构．结果表明：两种材料在１３００℃空气中氧化３０ｈ内的氧化增重符合抛物线规律，ＳｉＣ晶须的加入可明显改善Ａｌ２Ｏ３／ＴｉＢ２材料的高温抗氧化性．     

反应物形态对原位生长陶瓷粒子增强铝基复合材料微观结构和拉伸性能的影响

对Ｔｉ－Ａｌ－Ｂ,ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ－Ｂ和ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ－Ｂ２Ｏ３三个体系利用反应热压方法制备了原位ＴｉＢ２粒子增强Ａｌ（ＴｉＢ２／Ａｌ）和原位Ａｌ２Ｏ３,ＴｉＢ２粒子增强Ａｌ（Ａｌ２Ｏ３·ＴｉＢ２／Ａｌ）复合材料．Ｔｉ－Ａｌ－Ｂ体系中形成的ＴｉＢ２为最大尺寸可达５μｍ的具有一定长宽比的块状或棒状粒子,此外还有一定量尺寸可达几十微米的不规则块状Ａｌ３Ｔｉ生成．ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ－Ｂ体系中形成小于２μｍ等轴的Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＴｉＢ２粒子,基本没有Ａｌ３Ｔｉ生成．ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ－Ｂ２Ｏ３体系中除细小等轴状的Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＴｉＢ２粒子外,还生成尺寸为几十微米的条状Ａｌ３Ｔｉ．拉伸试验表明,由ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ－Ｂ体系制备的复合材料具有最高的强度和塑性．对三个体系所制备复合材料差异的微观结构和性能做出了解释．     

反应物形态对原位生长陶瓷粒子增强铝基复合材料微观结构和拉伸性？…

对Ｔｉ－Ａｌ－Ｂ,ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ－Ｂ和ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ－Ｂ２Ｏ３三个体系利用反应热压方法制备了原位ＴｉＢ２粒子增强Ａｌ（ＴｉＢ２／Ａｌ）和原位Ａｌ２Ｏ３,ＴｉＢ２粒子增强Ａｌ（Ａｌ２Ｏ３·ＴｉＢ２／Ａｌ）复合材料。Ｔｉ－Ａｌ－Ｂ体系中形成的ＴｉＢ２为最大尺寸可达５μｍ的具有一定长宽比的块状或棒状粒子,此外还有一定量尺寸可达几十微米的不规则块状Ａｌ３Ｔｉ生成。ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ－Ｂ体系中形成小于２μｍ等轴     

离子镀氮化铝钛(TiAlN)的微观组织结构及特性研究

采用空心阴极离子镀方法在高速钢表面沉积ＴｉＡｌＮ膜层。性能测试表明,ＴｉＡｌＮ膜具有较高的硬度和膜－基结合力;金相组织观察和扫描电镜表面形貌照片显示,制备出的膜层连续、光谱,组织致密;Ｘ射线衍射分析表明,膜层的相结构中大致含有以下组成和相：Ｔｉ２ＡｌＮ、Ｔｉ２Ｎ、ＴｉＯ等。用电子探针对膜层中的元素含量进行阳定量测定。     

喷射沉积Al5.5Cu/TiB_2自生复合材料的界面结构

运用ＴＥＭ 观察了铸态、喷射沉积态Ａｌ５ ．５Ｃｕ／ＴｉＢ２ 复合材料中ＴｉＢ２ 与基体的界面结构,发现在铸态时ＴｉＢ２ 与α（Ａｌ） 之间存在的位向关系为［０３３２］ ＴｉＢ２ ∥［１１０］ α（Ａｌ） ,（０１１１）ＴｉＢ２ ∥（００２） α（Ａｌ） , 而在沉积态时其位向关系为［０００１］ ＴｉＢ２ ∥［１１１］ α（Ａｌ） ,（１１２０）ＴｉＢ２ ∥（２２０）α（Ａｌ） 。力学性能测试结果表明： 喷射沉积后的Ａｌ５ ．５Ｃｕ／ＴｉＢ２ 自生复合材料的抗拉强度比铸态提高约５０ ＭＰａ , 延伸率则提高５００ ％ 左右,耐磨性能也有较大提高     

高温反应烧结制备Al2O3-TiC/Al原位复合材料

以ＡｌＴｉＯ２反应体系为基础,添加适量石墨粉,压制后在不同温度下进行反应烧结,从而确定了获得反应完全的Ａｌ２Ｏ３ＴｉＣ／Ａｌ铝基复合材料的烧结工艺参数,并对该复合材料的组织性能及反应机理进行了分析讨论。结果表明：碳的加入可完全抑制条状和大块状Ａｌ３Ｔｉ相的形成;ＡｌＴｉＯ２Ｃ体系在１２００℃反应烧结后,可制得硬度较高的Ａｌ２Ｏ３ＴｉＣ／Ａｌ原位复合材料,其显微组织中Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＴｉＣ颗粒尺寸小于２μｍ。     

熔体直接反应生成TiB2对ZL101硅相形貌及变质剂变质效果的影响

采用熔体直接反应法制备了ＺＬ１０１／ＴｉＢ２复合材料。ＺＬ１０１／ＴｉＢ２复合材料中Ｋ、Ｎａ、Ｓｒ变质剂变质效果差与复合材料中的ＴｉＢ２和Ｂ有关。复合材料中Ｓｉ相呈板片状。ＺＬ１０１／ＴｉＢ２的抗拉强度略低于ＺＬ１０１基体。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.